56 research outputs found
A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent pregnancy and the risk of gynecological cancers
No full textOBJECTIVES Despite several investigations, the association between adolescent pregnancy and gynecological cancers has yet to be conclusively established. To further explore this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies investigating the link between adolescent pregnancy and gynecologic cancers. This search continued until February 20, 2023. To assess the heterogeneity among the studies, we used the I2-statistics. We also explored the potential presence of publication bias using the Begg and Egger tests. The overall effect sizes were reported as either risk ratio or odds ratio, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model. RESULTS From an initial pool of 25,436 studies, a total of 76 studies involving 13,991,683 participants met the predefined eligibility criteria. The analysis indicated that the overall effect size for individuals having their first pregnancy at age 20 or older, compared to those having it before age 20, was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.59) for cervical cancer, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.88) for ovarian cancer, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.04) for uterine cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that experiencing one’s initial pregnancy at the age of 20 or above is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical and ovarian cancer. However, no significant association was found between first pregnancy at this age and uterine cancer
The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Objective The existing literature on the direct effects of opioid use on cancer is limited. The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the findings of previous studies and provide a pooled effect size regarding the association between opioid usage and cancer. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were employed to construct a framework for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and national electronic databases was conducted up to May 2024. The random effects model was employed for the presentation of results with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 11. Results Out of 1674 articles were retrieved 38 studies remained in the final analysis (six cohort study and 32 case-control studies). The pooled adjusted odds ratio of opium on esophageal cancer was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.36, 2.08), for bladder cancer was 5.00(95% CI: 3.76, 6.66), for head and neck cancer was 4.93 (95% CI: 2.41, 10.06) for pancreatic cancer was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.62, 2.56) for lung cancer was 2.89(95% CI: 2.14, 3.30) for laryngeal cancer was 6.76 (95% CI: 3.77, 11.80) for gastric cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.92, 5.11) and for colorectal cancer was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.04, 6.07).All association were statistically significant. Conclusion The findings underscore the potential carcinogenic effects of opium on cancers. Public health organizations should work collaboratively to mitigate opioid exposure while promoting alternative pain management strategies to protect community health and reduce the burden of cancer
Author Citations
No full textAuthor citation graphs for 6 field of studies: Management, Psychology, Economics, Physics(APS), Political Science, Computer Scienc
Author Citations
No full textAuthor citation graphs for 6 field of studies: Management, Psychology, Economics, Physics(APS), Political Science, Computer Scienc
Author Citations
No full textAuthor citation graphs for 6 field of studies: Management, Psychology, Economics, Physics(APS), Political Science, Computer Scienc
FIB-4, APRI, and ALRI as Predictors of COVID-19 Outcomes: Insights from a Large-Scale Study
No full textBackground: Simple and cost-effective biochemical markers are still very useful for predicting severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. This study investigates the association of some inflammatory and also non-invasive biochemical indices of liver function and critical care outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2232 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, regardless of the presence of underlying liver diseases, were followed. Based on the laboratory results at the time of admission, five indices—FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4), NLR (Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio), APRI (Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio), ALRI (Aspartate Aminotransferase to Lymphocyte Ratio), and SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation)—were calculated. Results: According to the results of multivariate regression, all five indices were predictors of mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and BMI. The odds ratios for FIB-4, NLR, APRI, ALRI, and SII to predict mortality were 1.14 (1.07–1.21), 1.07 (1.04–1.1), 1.28 (1.12–1.46), 2.44 (1.76–3.38), and 1.57 (1.13–2.17), respectively. For predicting severity, the odds ratios were 1.22 (1.15–1.30), 1.09 (1.06–1.11), 1.78 (1.44–2.21), 1.73 (1.41–2.14), and 1.27 (1.04–1.57), respectively. Additionally, based on the AUC results, FIB-4 and NLR indices demonstrated the best performance in predicting COVID-19 mortality and severity, respectively. Conclusions: Our results show that the non-invasive biochemical indices of liver function, NLR, and SII can be useful as early predictors of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients
Women in place: the politics of gender segregation in Iran
No full textWhile much has been written about the impact of the 1979 Islamic revolution on life in Iran, discussions about the everyday life of Iranian women have been glaringly missing. Women in Place offers a gripping inquiry into gender segregation policies and women’s rights in contemporary Iran. Author Nazanin Shahrokni takes us onto gender-segregated buses, inside a women-only park, and outside the closed doors of stadiums where women are banned from attending men’s soccer matches. The Islamic character of the state, she demonstrates, has had to coexist, fuse, and compete with technocratic imperatives, pragmatic considerations regarding the viability of the state, international influences, and global trends. Through a retelling of the past four decades of state policy regulating gender boundaries, Women in Place challenges notions of the Iranian state as overly unitary, ideological, and isolated from social forces and pushes us to contemplate the changing place of women in a social order shaped by capitalism, state-sanctioned Islamism, and debates about women’s rights. Shahrokni throws into sharp relief the ways in which the state strives to constantly regulate and contain women’s bodies and movements within the boundaries of the “proper” but simultaneously invests in and claims credit for their expanded access to public spaces
Essays on housing economics and household finance
No full textIn chapter one, I provide new evidence on the house price elasticity of consumption by exploiting micro-level consumption data from the Nielsen consumer panel for 2004 through 2016. I estimate elasticity as a non-parametric function of household characteristics, locations and time using Generalized Random Forest (GRF), a causal machine learning model. At the county-level, the average elasticity ranges from 0.04 to 0.16 with some neighboring counties being up to eight standard deviations apart, while household elasticities range from 0.01 to 0.2. Among all characteristics, having a child, household size, and the age of a household head create substantial disparities. I find that locations with volatile housing markets are less elastic. This means that failing to account for local heterogeneities overestimates the magnitude of total consumption responses in booms and busts. Moreover, local heterogeneities in elasticity camouflage the existing asymmetry in responses. Looking within a county reveals that households, especially more financially-constrained households, are more elastic in busts than in booms. Policymakers should account for this individual and geographic heterogeneity in consumption responses to house price changes when formulating policy.
In chapter two, we quantify the relationship between housing markets and peer-to-peer home-sharing markets using bookings and listings data from more than a million Airbnb listings across the United States and individual house sales. We use a new shift-share approach for identification and find that a one percent increase in Airbnb leads to a 0.06% increase in house prices, 0.14% decrease in total housing sales, and does not significantly change for-sales inventory or rental prices. We interpret fewer transactions, higher prices, and more houses for sales as evidence for improvement in matching quality. Home-owners can afford to hold on to their houses and wait to be well-matched. Also, buyers can live in a short-term rental property while looking for the best match. Moreover, we estimate Airbnb's effect on housing markets as a non-parametric function of zip code characteristics. We show that house prices increase more in locations with less elastic housing supply. The non-parametric results show that matching quality improvement is more pronounced in places with lower housing supply elasticity.
In chapter three, using the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a natural experiment, I test how for-profit (FP) and non-profit (NP) status affects the level of response to the created investment opportunity. In this research, I investigate FP and NP hospitals investment changes in response to the ACA. I implement a difference in difference methodology to test whether FP and NP hospitals responded differently to this legislation. The regression findings conclude that FP hospitals invested 1.6% more than NPs in the aftermath of the ACA. This paper suggests NPs' restricted financing options as a possible explanation for their different investment response.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Nazanin Khazra, accepted the attached license on 2020-09-09 at 11:12.The student, Nazanin Khazra, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-09-09 at 11:20.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-09-15 at 08:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15805 on 2021-03-04 at 16:30:15Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Legal Features and Aspects of Medical Tourism: Legal Aspects of Medical Tourism
No full textBackground and Aim: The high cost of health care and long waiting time of the patients caused the creation of the motivation that patients, especially from the developed countries, receive these services in other countries. On the other hand, also in developing countries, factors such as globalization and liberalization of trade in health services led the way for the rapid growth of medical tourism. However, this industry is facing several challenges, among the most important, legal aspects can be noted. Since little research has been done in this regard, this study aims to evaluate the legal aspects related to medical tourism.
Materials and Methods: This study is a review article on the legal issues of medical tourism. To collect information on the legal issues of medical tourism, databases, SID and PubMed, Google Scholar were examined using the keywords "medical tourism", "health tourism" and "legal aspects" and about 47 related articles were found, after studying the titles and abstracts of the articles found, 23 subjects which were associated with the research topic, were studied. Then the results obtained were analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: Honesty and integrity were taken into consideration in searching, analyzing, and reporting the texts.
Findings: According to the results of the study, the medical tourism industry is growing, but there are challenges related to the legal aspects of medical tourism include the areas of access to services, medical errors, health insurances, licensing, and regulatory approvals of centers, medical operations, and medical technologies.
Conclusion: Medical Tourism legal challenges should be taken into consideration by policymakers and trustee institutions in this industry, as according to the globalization of these challenges, trying to eliminate them is necessary, which by turning threats into opportunities, facilitates the attraction process of foreign patients.
*Corresponding Author: Nazanin Abualhasani; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-3595
Please cite this article as: Abualhasani N. Legal Features and Aspects of Medical Tourism. Bioeth Health Law J. 2021; 1:1-6: (e6). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.38131  
Paradox of transfers: Distribution and the Dutch disease (Ryerson University Working Papers 071)
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