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    Azmi Fendri

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    Implementation of Oversight by the National Land Agency Against Officials Making Land Deed Who Commits Violations in Padang City Based on Ministerial Regulation Number 2 Year 2018

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    In state life, everyone has the same rights before the law. Even so, it does not mean that everyone is free to do anything, everything has a rule of law which if violated will be subject to sanctions in accordance with the rules that govern. In other words the law must be upheld in order to create a harmonious life. Enforcement of the law is no exception for Land Deed Making Officials, Land Deed Making Officials can also be subject to sanctions if they violate the rule of law. Therefore, in carrying out their duties, the Land Drafting Officer must obtain supervision so that he does not violate his position. With the Ministerial Regulation Number 2 of 2018 concerning Development and Supervision of Land Deed Making Officials, Land Deed Making Officials must be guided by these rules, so that they can carry out their duties properly. However, when the Land Deed Making Official violates the rules, it is possible to impose sanctions on the Land Deed Making Official, such as a respectful dismissal, an honorable dismissal, a temporary dismissal, or even with a written warning. The method used in this study is the Empirical Method which is analyzed qualitatively. To strengthen the research results, interviews were conducted with relevant parties at the research location. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency / Head of the Land Office has the authority to conduct guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials, where the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency / Head of the Land Office establishes the Supervisory Board and Guidance of Land Drafting Officials to help convey and explain the policies stipulated by the Minister regarding the implementation of his duties as Land Deed Making Officials. Then despite the enactment of Permen Number 2 of 2018, but the law enforcement is not as expected. Land Deed Making Officials who are facing legal problems seem to struggle alone without supervision from the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. Even Land Deed Making Officials who have already been convicted did not get sanctions from the National Land Agency or Board of Trustees and Supervisory Land Deed Making Officials. In other words, there is no supervision over the Acting Author of the Land Deed. Furthermore, there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) clear and strict regarding the supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no clear Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and firmly regarding supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no clear Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and firmly regarding supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials

    Application Criminal Chamber Formulation Number 6 in Circular of the Supreme Court No. 4 of 2016 concerning the Authority of the State Audit AgencyDeclares State Losses Case Study in the Corruption Court at the Padang District Court

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    In the formulation of the criminal chamber number 6 of the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2016 states that the authorized agency states that there is no state financial loss is the State Audit Agency while other agencies such as the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency or other institutions are still authorized to conduct audits and audits of state financial management but not authorized to declare a state financial loss. The Supreme Court Circular was not in line with the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 31 / PUU-X / 2012 dated October 8, 2012 which stated that both the Supreme Audit Agencyand the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency could calculate and declare state financial losses. Based on this, this study raises the problem, namely: First, How is the application of the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2016 (formulation of criminal chamber number 6) in the Corruption Court at the Padang District Court from 2016 to 2019. Second and What are the Judges' considerations in applying / not applying the Supreme Court Circular No. 4 of 2016. The research method used is the empirical juridical research method. Based on the results of research that has been done, the application of the criminal chamber formula number 6 in the Supreme Court Circular is not yet fully carried out. This can be seen from the case data submitted to the Corruption Criminal Court showing the low application of the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2016. From the number of cases that have been tried and decided during 2016 to 2019, there are only 16 cases of corruption that use experts from the Supreme Audit Agency. The amount is far less when compared to cases that use experts from the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency and other institutions that is 127 cases. This means that throughout 2016 until 2019, only as many as 11.11% of the total cases of 144 cases that apply the Criminal chamber formula number 6 of the Supreme Court Circular. Although the basis of authority of the Supreme Audit Agencyis clearly and firmly regulated in article 23E of the 1945 Constitution. The legal basis of the authority of the Supreme Audit Agencyis governed by regulations at the highest level. Unlike the basic authority of the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency which is only based on government regulations and regulations below, the position of the Supreme Audit Agencyis very strong. The reality is that in practice there is dualism in the application of the authorized institution in declaring state losses in the Corruption Court at the Padang District Court. In consideration, Judge's consideration in applying or not applying the Supreme Court Circular Letter is that the judge is not bound by the Supreme Court Circular and the judge himself can assess the existence of state financial losses

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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