1,720,956 research outputs found
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Dioscorea hispida (Dennst.) against wound pathogen / Mohammad Azri Azmi
Get PDFDioscorea hispida (Dennst.) tuber is a species of edible yam. It needs special preparation technique for the yam to be safely consumed. The yam bulb paste is used to treat minor wound by people of Satpuda Hill, India. In this study, the phytochemical screening of the D. hispida before and after treatment was carried out to determine the phytochemical compound and the impact of treatment toward the phytochemical compound. This study also was aimed to determine the antibacterial activities of the treated and untreated D. hispida tuber extract against wound pathogen, namely Serratia marcescens (ATCC 14756) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145). The treatment is carried out by rinsing the tuber cutlets in running water for 7 days in accordance to the traditional method. This study discover that the tuber of D. hispida contains carbohydrate, alkaloid, phenols, steroid, tannins and terpenoids. The treatment process was found to eliminate the content of alkaloid, phenols, tannins and terpenoid. From the disc diffusion test on the treated and untreated D. hispida tuber extract, it is found that the tuber is ineffective in inhibiting growth of wound pathogen, the S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa
Nutritional and ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds improvement using enzyme extract from filamentous fungi
Get PDFIn Malaysia, ruminant production still struggles to fulfill the local demands for human consumption. It is due to high cost which feeding cost constitute to 70% of the total production cost. The industry relies on locally available feed resources such as crop residues and agricultural by-products, apart from supplementation with concentrates made up from mainly imported ingredients. Malaysia is one of the most prominent producers of palm oil and produces approximately 30 million tonnes of oil palm fronds annually as agricultural by-product. However, its effective utilization is hindered by its high lignin content and low protein content. The presence of the lignin creates a barrier which prevent the access of rumen microbe toward the fermentable substrate. Several methods have been explored in removing the lignin content of the agricultural by-product. Biological pretreatment presents as viable option in enhancing the usage of agricultural by-product. Fungi is the best organism to degrade lignin due to its ability to produce lignolytic enzymes. In Objective 1, 11 fungi were isolated from rotten oil palm fronds. Their enzymes activity was determined. In Objective 2, based on enzymes activity in Objective 1, F1, F2 and F4 showed the most conducive enzyme activity profile compared to other fungi. The isolated F1, F2 and F4 identified as Trichoderma harzianum MK027305, Trichoderma harzianum MK027306, and Fusarium solani MK027309, respectively. In Objective 3, the oil palm fronds were pretreated with the enzymes extract extracted from the selected fungi. The enzyme extracts were obtained using 15, 30 and 45 days of solid-state fermentation. The oil palm fronds were then subjected to pretreatment using the enzyme extracts and tested for its in vitro ruminal degradability. From the study, it is found that the oil palm fronds pretreated with enzyme extract from the fungi Trichoderma harzianum MK027305 at 15 days of solid-state fermentation produces the highest total gas production at 13.5 mL of gas produced while highest methane production was observed on oil palm fronds pretreated with enzymes extract from Trichoderma harzianum MK027306 at 30 days of solid-state fermentation at 8.25 mL. The highest fatty acid production was exhibited by oil palm fronds pretreated by Fusarium solani MK027309 at 45 days of fermentation at 58.151 mmol/dl for acetic acid, 22.747 mmol/dl for propionic acid and 65.093 mmol/dl for butyric acid. The pretreatment of oil palm fronds with enzyme extract from Fusarium solani MK027309 at 45 days of solid-state fermentation showed an increase of 21.67% total volatile fatty acid produced as compared to diet with untreated OPF with increase of 35.29% of apparent rumen degradable carbohydrate for g/g of OPF. In conclusion, the pretreatment using enzyme extract from Fusarium solani MK027309 after 45 days of fermentation via solid state fermentation showed successful result in increasing the ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds by 35.29%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
