44 research outputs found
Analysis of the Validity of Urine LAM ELISA for Tuberculosis Infection
No full textObjective: To explore the validity of urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay technology for detecting MTB infection in the double infection of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) population with sputum-producing problems, and to explore the background value and medical reference value range of urinary LAM in the general population and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS population). Method: About 307 individuals from the general population group, HIV/AIDS population group, TB population group and HIV-TB population group provided by Seventh Hospital of Tangshan city were selected for early morning urine analysis. LAM ELISA competition method and double antibody sandwich method were used to detect the concentration of LAM in urine. Standard curves of LAM optical density OD value were drawn. The differences in LAM concentration in different groups of urine were calculated, and the diagnostic validity of LAM ELISA techniques was explored. Result: (1) The corresponding curve formula of the ELISA competition method was y = 1.696-0.087x+3.100/x2 ; The corresponding curve formula for the double antibody sandwich method was y = -0.205+0.587x-0.097x2 +0.001x3 . (2) In LAM ELISA competition method, the difference in LAM OD values between the TB population group and the general population group was statistically significant (t = 3.393, p <0.05), and the difference in LAM OD values between the HIV-TB population group and the HIV/AIDS population group was statistically significant (t = 2.294, p <0.05); The difference in LAM concentration between TB population group and general population group was statistically significant (t = -4.642, p <0.05), and the difference in LAM concentration between HIV-TB population group and HIV/AIDS population group was statistically significant (t = -4.737, p <0.05). In LAM ELISA double antibody sandwich method, there was a statistically significant difference in LAM OD values between TB population group and the general population group (t = -2.566, p <0.05), and there was a statistically significant difference in LAM OD values between HIV-TB population group and HIV/AIDS population group (t = -3.212, p <0.05); The difference in LAM concentration between TB population group and general population group was statistically significant (t = -5.722, p <0.05), and the difference in LAM concentration between HIV-TB population group and HIV/AIDS group was statistically significant (t = -8.118, p <0.05). (3) Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis showed that in the LAM ELISA competition method, the SPE of TB infection in the HIV-TB population group diagnosed with urine LAM was higher than those in TB population group, with a statistically significant difference (F = 31.227, p <0.05). Compared to the general population group, LAM ELISA competition method SEN in TB population group was lower than that in the ELISA double antibody sandwich method, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 15.667, p <0.05). Conclusion: The validity of urine LAM ELISA technology in the HIV-TB population group with TB infection was better than that in TB population group, and the validity of the LAM ELISA double antibody sandwich method was better than that in ELISA competitive method. The feasibility of urine LAM ELISA technology in HIV-TB was worthy of recognition, and the technology could be further improved and promoted
The written primary sources of the Arabian caliphate of the 9th- 10th centuries about the location of the capital of the Khazarian empire
No full textУ статті проаналізовані повідомлення про столицю Хозарського каганату, що містяться у творах арабських учених ІХ – Х століть, з метою територіальної локалізації не знайдених донині руїн міста Атил. Дані повідомлення містять у собі інформацію про адміністративний устрій столиці Хозарського каганату, склад її населення, економіку та торговельні шляхи, що сполучали Атил з володіннями Арабського халіфату та з країнами Європи. Виявлено, що руїни цього міста мають знаходитися в районі крайньої західної розтоки дельти ріки Волги, у місцевості, яка віддалена на деяку відстань від тієї частини цієї дельти, де в добу раннього Середньовіччя пролягала північна берегова лінія Каспійського моря.В статье дан анализ сведений о столице Хазарского каганата, содержащихся в сочинениях арабских ученых ІХ – Х веков, с целью территориальной локализации не найденных доныне развалин города Атыл. Эти сведения содержат информацию об административном устройстве столицы Хазарского каганата, о составе ее населения, экономике и о торговых путях, которые соединяли Атыл с владениями Арабского халифата и со странами Европы. Выявлено, что развалины этого города должны находиться в районе крайнего западного протока дельты реки Волги, в местности, отдаленной на некоторое расстояние от той части дельты, где в период раннего Средневековья пролегала береговая линия Каспийского моря.The article is devoted to the analysis of the intelligence contained in the compositions of the Arabic scholars of the 9th-10th about the capital of the Khazarian empire to territorial identify the ruins of the city Atil which haven’t been found yet. These intelligence contains information about the administrative structure, social and national structure of the inhabitants, and about the routes of the trade related Atil to the Arabian caliphate and countries of the Europe. The author has come to the conclusion that these ruins are probably located in the extreme western branch of the delta of the Volga. This spot is situated not far from that part of the delta where the northern coast line of the Caspian Sea was during the period of the early Middle Ages
The written primary sources of the Arabian caliphate of the 9th- 10th centuries about the location of the capital of the Khazarian empire
No full textУ статті проаналізовані повідомлення про столицю Хозарського каганату, що містяться у творах арабських учених ІХ – Х століть, з метою територіальної локалізації не знайдених донині руїн міста Атил. Дані повідомлення містять у собі інформацію про адміністративний устрій столиці Хозарського каганату, склад її населення, економіку та торговельні шляхи, що сполучали Атил з володіннями Арабського халіфату та з країнами Європи. Виявлено, що руїни цього міста мають знаходитися в районі крайньої західної розтоки дельти ріки Волги, у місцевості, яка віддалена на деяку відстань від тієї частини цієї дельти, де в добу раннього Середньовіччя пролягала північна берегова лінія Каспійського моря.В статье дан анализ сведений о столице Хазарского каганата, содержащихся в сочинениях арабских ученых ІХ – Х веков, с целью территориальной локализации не найденных доныне развалин города Атыл. Эти сведения содержат информацию об административном устройстве столицы Хазарского каганата, о составе ее населения, экономике и о торговых путях, которые соединяли Атыл с владениями Арабского халифата и со странами Европы. Выявлено, что развалины этого города должны находиться в районе крайнего западного протока дельты реки Волги, в местности, отдаленной на некоторое расстояние от той части дельты, где в период раннего Средневековья пролегала береговая линия Каспийского моря.The article is devoted to the analysis of the intelligence contained in the compositions of the Arabic scholars of the 9th-10th about the capital of the Khazarian empire to territorial identify the ruins of the city Atil which haven’t been found yet. These intelligence contains information about the administrative structure, social and national structure of the inhabitants, and about the routes of the trade related Atil to the Arabian caliphate and countries of the Europe. The author has come to the conclusion that these ruins are probably located in the extreme western branch of the delta of the Volga. This spot is situated not far from that part of the delta where the northern coast line of the Caspian Sea was during the period of the early Middle Ages
The Relationship between Self-efficacy, Resilience and Social Support with Relapse Tendency in Substance Use Disorder in Indonesia
No full textBackground: Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a major public health concern, with high relapse rates following detoxification treatment. Psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, resilience, and social support may influence relapse outcomes, yet their roles remain underexplored in Indonesia.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience, social support, and relapse tendency among Indonesians with SUD.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a rehabilitation center in Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants (n = 200; mean age = 37.56 ± 5.89 years) were adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with SUD by a psychiatrist. Standardized questionnaires assessed social support, self-efficacy, resilience, and relapse tendency. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed using bootstrapping with 5,000 samples (95% CI).
Results: Social support was negatively correlated with relapse tendency (r = –0.42, p < 0.01), while self-efficacy and resilience were significant mediators in this relationship. The direct effect of social support accounted for 58% of the total effect, and the indirect effect through self-efficacy and resilience accounted for 37.34%.
Conclusions: Higher social support reduces relapse risk, partly by enhancing self-efficacy and resilience. Strengthening these factors could be a key strategy in relapse prevention programs for Indonesians with SUD
Translation and Psychometric Analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory in Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder
No full textThe Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is an 18-item self-report checklist designed to screen for psychological symptoms in medical patients. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of BSI among a diverse group of Indonesian adolescents. This study involved 80 15 to 18-year-old adolescents from a drug rehabilitation center in West Java, Indonesia. The instrument was translated into Bahasa Indonesia, and its content validity index was calculated using Aiken’s V formula. The CVI ranged from 0.73 to 1.00 for BSI. The factor loadings of each of the three scales in the BSI ranged from 0.43 and 0.88. The model was acceptable and appropriate when confirmatory factor analyses of the BSI were conducted. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the BSI was 0.925. The findings of this study give evidence that the BSI is a viable and beneficial screening tool for detecting substance use problems among Indonesian adolescents
Cross-Culture Adaptation and Validation of Indonesian version of CRAFFT Substance Abuse Screening Test among adolescents
No full textBackground: Substance abuse among adolescent in Indonesia remains public health problem. The CRFFT is the most widely utilized high-risk drug screening tool. Its use in different countries and contexts shows its enormous potential. Although the CRAFFT has been utilized on occasion by professionals and researchers in Indonesia, no psychometric tests have been conducted to ensure that it works reliably in our country.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the CRAFFT screening tool among Indonesian adolescents.
Methods: Eighty adolescents aged 15–18 years, recruited from a drug rehabilitation facility in West Java, Indonesia, participated in the research. The CRAFFT instrument underwent a four-step translation and adaptation process. Content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V index. The factorial structure of the instrument was explored through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsequently verified with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using the Kuder–Richardson 20 (KR-20) coefficient.
Results: CRAFTT CVI was 0.80–1.00 with the factor loadings for each of the three scales in the CRAFTT was 0.65–0.88. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for CRAFFT were as follows: I2 = 64.11, p-value = 0.121, and df = 78. Pearson correlation coefficients for the six different subscales ranged from 0.450 to 0.637. KR-20 coefficient of CRAFFT was 0.767. Corrected Homogeneity Index (CHI) ranged from 0.314 to 0.580.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the CRAFFT instrument can serve as a practical and effective tool for identifying substance use issues among adolescents in Indonesia. Further investigations are recommended to examine its sensitivity and specificity in order to establish stronger evidence for the validity of the CRAFFT within this population
Hearing loss and associated factors among noise-exposed workers in palm oil mills
No full textIntroduction: Almost 90% of the reported occupational diseases in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo were due to hearing loss. The manufacturing industry was the main contributor to this problem. This study aims to identify the prevalence and associated factors for hearing loss among workers in the palm oil manufacturing industry in Sabah. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 312 respondents from five palm oil mills in Sabah from January to April 2019. Audiometric tests, validated questionnaires and sound level meters were used. Chi-square test and independent t-test were conducted to determine the associated factors for hearing loss. Results: 75% (n = 234) of the respondents were diagnosed with hearing loss. Most of them were male (96.2%) with a mean age of 44.4 (SD 9.8) years, mean duration of employment of 16.2 (SD 9.7) years and mean noise exposure of 96.1 (SD 4.8) dB(A). The significant factors associated with hearing loss were older age (p = 0.001), married (p = 0.001), blue-collar jobs (p = 0.003), smoking (p = 0.001), works with noisy machinery (p = 0.005), lower level of noise exposed (p = 0.015), longer duration of employment (p = 0.001), and longer overtime hours per week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss among workers in the noise-exposed palm oil industries was high. Annual audiometry testing and job rotation from noise-exposed workstations were recommended. A smoking cessation program may help but reduction of noise from the source by engineering control is still the best method
Single-port Laparoscopic Surgery by Use of a Surgical Glove Port: Initial Experience with 25 Cases
No full textRezumat Chirurgie laparoscopicã cu un singur port folosind "port mãnuaeã chirurgicalã": primul studiu pe 25 de cazuri Premize: chirurgia laparoscopicã cu un singur port a câştigat popularitate în ultimii zece ani. Aceastã tehnicã este folositã în unele proceduri chirurgicale. Acest articol descrie o metodã nouã şi mai ieftinã, cunoscutã sub numele de "portul mãnuşã chirurgicalã (PMC)" sau "port improvizat" şi explicã studiul efectuat pe 25 de cazuri. Metodã: s-au efectuat unsprezece colecistectomii, reparaåia la opt hernii inghinale prin procedeu total extraperitoneal, trei splenectomii, douã rezecåii gastrice şi o procedurã anti-reflux. Rezultate: Douãzeci şi patru de proceduri din douãzeci şi cinci, au fost finalizate fãrã sã fie convertite la intervenåie deschisã sau multi-port. La un pacient care prezenta atât litiaza biliarã cât şi tumora gastrointestinalã stromalã, s-au efectuat în aceeaşi sesiune şi colecistectomie şi rezecåie gastricã parcelarã prin tehnica laparoscopicã cu un singur port "mãnuşa chirurgicalã". La un alt caz, au fost efectuate douã incizii suplimentare de câte 5 mm pentru hemostazã. Pentru cazul de reparaåie a herniei hiatale, a fost necesarã o intervenåie chirurgicalã suplimentarã pentru hemoragie postoperatorie, care a fost efectuatã prin aceeasi tehnicã cu port mãnuşã chirurgicalã. Concluzie: Chirurgia laparoscopicã cu un singur port este o tehnicã care poate fi aplicatã în cazul multor proceduri chirurgicale. PMC este o tehnicã mai nouã, pentru care unele experiente preliminare sunt deja publicate în întreaga lume. Tehnica PMC are unele avantaje cum ar fi: cost-eficienåã, implantare uşoarã şi sigurã a portului şi extracåia uşoarã a pieselor chirurgicale. De asemenea poate fi utilizatã şi pentru tratamentul complicaåiilor postoperatorii. Cuvinte cheie: laparoscopie cu un singur port, laparoscopie cu port mãnuşã chirurgicalã, depãrtãtor Alexis Abstract Background: single-port laparoscopic surgery has gained popularity over the last decade. This technique is used for several surgical procedures. This paper documents a new and cheaper access method known as "surgical glove port" or "homemade single-port", and describes our initial experience with 25 cases. Method: Eleven cholecystectomies, eight totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs, three splenectomies, two gastric wedge resections, and one anti-reflux procedure were performed. Results: Twenty-four procedures out of twenty-five were completed without conversion to open or multiple port techniques. An individual patient who had both cholelithiasis and gastrointestinal stromal tumor underwent both cholecystectomy and gastric wedge resection in the same session with surgical glove port technique. In another case two additional 5-mm incisions were made for hemostasis. The additional operation was required and performed by using surgical glove port for a hiatal hernia repair case, because of postoperative hemorrhage. Conclusion: Single-port laparoscopic surgery is an applicable technique for plenty of surgical procedures. Also, surgical Corresponding author: Atil Cakmak, MD Ankara Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Ibni Sina Hastanesi Akademik Yerleske K4 06100 Sıhhıye Ankara Turkey E-mail: [email protected] glove port is a newer technique and some initial experiences have already published all over the world. Surgical glove port has advantages such as cost-effectiveness, easy and safe port implantation and specimen extraction. SGP can also be used for treating post-operative complications
Occupational Determinants of Leptospirosis among Urban Service Workers
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the risk factors of leptospirosis infection among local urban service workers in Sabah. This is a cross-sectional study involving 394 workers in Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah, conducted from February to March 2017. Information on demography, occupational exposures and environmental factors was obtained by a modified validated questionnaire. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to determine the prevalence of positive leptospirae. The overall figure for positive leptospirae was 9.4% (95% CI: 6.8–12.8). Urban sweepers and lorry drivers made up the highest proportion of positive leptospirae respondents, contributing 15.5% and 9.4%, respectively. The significant risk factors for positive leptospirae were older age (p-value = 0.001), higher monthly salary (p-value = 0.039), longer duration of employment (p-value = 0.011) and working as an urban sweeper (p-value = 0.021). Leptospirae was prevalent among healthy urban service workers and relates to their working activities
Occupational Determinants of Leptospirosis among Urban Service Workers
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the risk factors of leptospirosis infection among local urban service workers in Sabah. This is a cross-sectional study involving 394 workers in Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah, conducted from February to March 2017. Information on demography, occupational exposures and environmental factors was obtained by a modified validated questionnaire. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to determine the prevalence of positive leptospirae. The overall figure for positive leptospirae was 9.4% (95% CI: 6.8–12.8). Urban sweepers and lorry drivers made up the highest proportion of positive leptospirae respondents, contributing 15.5% and 9.4%, respectively. The significant risk factors for positive leptospirae were older age (p-value = 0.001), higher monthly salary (p-value = 0.039), longer duration of employment (p-value = 0.011) and working as an urban sweeper (p-value = 0.021). Leptospirae was prevalent among healthy urban service workers and relates to their working activities
