1,721,780 research outputs found
Keith Griffin et Azizur Rahman Khan (dir.), Growth and Inequality in Pakistan
No full textÉtienne Gilbert. Keith Griffin et Azizur Rahman Khan (dir.), Growth and Inequality in Pakistan. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 13, n°52, 1972. Le capitalisme périphérique. p. 892
Sukuk ijarah : konsep dan amalannya dalam pasaran modal Islam di Malaysia / Muhammad Azizur Rahman bin Ramli
Full text linkSukuk Ijarah merupakan sebahagian daripada produk pasaran modal Islam. Bagi mewujudkannya, dua pendekatan diambil iaitu; mengekal cara konvensional yang diterima oleh Islam dan mengambil prinsip syariah sebagai instrumen baru dalam pasaran modal. Sukuk adalah sijil pelaburan Islam yang amat berbeza dengan bon kerana ia perlu membuang dalam strukturnya riba dan gharar. Ia distruktur melalui konsep pensekuritian dan kontrak pertukaran. Hutang yang terbit dari kontrak tersebut disekuriti pada kadar yang ditetapkan dan diketahui. Kontrak-kontrak itu adalah seperti ijarah, mudarabah, bay’ bithamin ajil dan lain-lain. Prinsip syariah ini, digunakan bagi membentuk instrumen yang
baru dalam pasaran hutang Islam seperti Sukuk Ijarah.
Sukuk Ijarah yang mewakili aset sewaan boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai aset kewangan bagi tujuan pelaburan tetap. Ia mengunakan prinsip syariah dan cara konvensional yang tidak bersalahan dengan syara’ seperti bidaan tender, rebet dan
dendaan sekiranya ingkar pembayaran. Sukuk Ijarah secara fiqhnya merupakan evolusi kepada prinsip awal ija rah. Prinsip ijarah merupakan di antara satu cara bagi umat Islam terdahulu menjana ekonomi. Terdapat hadis yang mengharuskan amalan tersebut tetapi ia perlulah jelas dan tidak didasari dengan penipuan. Ketika itu, prinsip ijarah adalah dalam bentuk sewaan operasi tetapi pada hari ini ia ijarah diperluaskan kepada sewaan kewangan Islam seperti ijarah muntahiyah bitamlik dan ijarah fizimmah al-mausufah. Di Malaysia, saiz penerbitan Sukuk Ijarah yang diterbitkan oleh pihak swasta berkembang dari 2% pada tahun 2004 kepada
11% pada tahun 2007. Sukuk Ijarah yang diamalkan telah menggunakan pelbagai prinsip yang ada dalam konsep ijarah. Oleh itu beberapa sukuk yang diterbitkan perlu dikaji bagi
menjelaskan bagaimana konsep ini boleh diaplikasi dalam pasaran modal Islam di Malaysia
The strategies and practices of Sheikh Azizur Rahman Nesarabadi in the pursuit of unity in diversity and harmony: the global viewpoint
No full textThe Muslims of Bangladesh are separated into diverse religious, political, and social groups. Several scholars tried to unite Muslims. One of the most significant Islamic intellectuals of
Bangladesh, Sheikh Azizur Rahman Nesarabadi, proposed a paradigm of religious harmony to unite the Bangladeshi people and global nations. According to him, religious harmony with the doctrine of Ittihad Ma’al al-Ikhtelaf (Unity in Diversity) is the only key answer to the current disunity at the national, international, and global levels. This study examines his concept
and his role in the society and politics of Bangladesh by textual analysis of primary and secondary data. After analyzing religious harmony itself, we deliver a brief biography of Sheikh Azizur
Rahman, presenting his contribution to both Sharia and Sufi education, and their effects on his vision. The study then emphasizes his thoughts on four steps of religious harmony and analyses in light of current social realities in Bangladesh and the Muslim world. This paper concludes that Sheikh Nesarabadi’s
thought and theory on religious harmony depend upon three foundations: common good interest, moderation, mutual respect, and the Tawhidic model. These contain the structure for religious harmony of Muslim unity whose implementation by Muslims can achieve the command of Allah to empower the Ummah to continue a leading role in the world as a Khalifah of Allah SWT almighty
The impact of us regional greenhouse gas initiative on firm-level innovation activities and market competitiveness / Md Azizur Rahman
No full textClimate change threatens the future of humanity, primarily driven by rapid industrialization and global competition. The challenge lies in balancing regulatory actions, which can raise costs against obligations to fight emissions, hinder productivity, and slow economic growth. The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) provides an effective solution for curbing global carbon emissions. Nevertheless, a prevailing view is that environmental regulations raise firm costs and prevent investment from clashing with expected innovation benefits. Recent observations challenge these notions and argue that well-structured regulations can encourage innovation and help stimulate firm performance. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), active across ten northeastern US states since 2009 to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector, yields paradoxical outcomes. However, emissions decline within RGGI states while neighboring regions witness the opposite. Moreover, rising temperatures and waning green initiatives underscore our failure to find effective remedies. RGGI's impact on firm-level innovation and market competitiveness remains unexplored, especially considering its fully auction-based ETS structure. This research examines RGGI's influence on firm innovation and market competitiveness, scrutinizing direct and policy-driven effects across regulated and unregulated sectors. Focusing on US-listed electric power sector companies (regulated) and Fortune 500 companies (non-regulated), the research spans 2000 to 2019 for patent timelines. Using a quasi-experimental approach consisting of 'difference-in-difference' and propensity score matching techniques, the investigation reveals the positive impact of RGGI on regulated sector innovation. However, policy spillover into the unregulated sector proves insignificant. Supporting the 'weak' Porter hypothesis (PH) in regulated sectors and negating it in the unregulated sector, RGGI's deployment lacks a statistically significant impact on green innovation in both spheres. Acknowledging the 'strong' PH variant, RGGI enhances market competitiveness in regulated sectors but counteracts this trend in the unregulated sector. Innovation and green innovation enhance US firm competitiveness, yet RGGI's implementation dampens the connection between firm-level innovation and market competitiveness. This study widens insights by disclosing RGGI's effects on innovation and competitiveness, delving into the link between innovation and market prowess among US firms. Contributions abound: empirical evidence emerges for the market-based nature of RGGI, distinguishing it from freely allocated policies like EU-ETS and CN-ETS. Furthermore, the study enriches the policy spillover literature by uncovering innovation spillover in non-regulated sectors. Notably, RGGI's fully auction-based approach significantly boosts market competitiveness among regulated firms, a novel finding in policy evaluation and spillover literature. Additionally, the study contributes to the 'innovation' and 'green innovation' discourse, showcasing empirical proof of US firms' high innovativeness. Intriguingly, RGGI moderates this connection negatively while bolstering it positively for innovative firms, holding implications for their market sustainability. Recommendations stemming from this study extend to RGGI authorities and industry stakeholders, illuminating the policy's implications
Effects of anti-oxidative and cholesterol lowering capacities of selected edible-medicinal mushrooms towards amelioration of alzheimer’s disease / Mohammad Azizur Rahman
Full text linkAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuro-degenerative disorder affecting mainly the elderly people. Though more than 40 million people are suffering from AD complications up to present date, there is hardly any treatment effective in withstanding the progression of AD. Thus, demand for natural, safe and cost-effective AD therapeutics has got momentum. Oxidative stress (OS) and increased plasma cholesterol levels have been implicated among the numerous pathomechanistic factors of AD. Despite some discrepencies, strategies aimed at lowering OS and hypercholesterolemia seems promising as AD therapeutics. Mushrooms have been highly hailed for providing numerous health benefits including anti-oxidative and hypocholesterolemic potentialities. However, combined anti-oxidative and hypocholesterolemic effect of edible-medicinal mushrooms have not been reported though these two aspects have been studied separately. Also, as an AD therapeutic agent, mushroom has not been interpreted through their anti-oxidative and hypocholesterolemic properties. Thus, the present study has been designed to elucidate the anti-oxidative, hypocholesterolemic and AD ameliorating properties of the selected edible-medicinal mushrooms: H. erinaceus, L. edodes, F. velutipes and G. lucidum. Five solvent-solvent partitioned fractions (methanol:dichloromethane, dichloromethane, hexane, ethylacetate, aqueous and hot water extract (HWE) of each of the four mushroom species were screened through in vitro anti-oxidant tests including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, Folin-Ciocalteu assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and low density lipo-protein (LDL) oxidation inhibition tests. Among all, the HWE of G. lucidum had been found possessing the best in vitro anti-oxidative capacity and highest content of polyphenols, tri-terpenoids and sterols. Thus, this mushroom extract had been chosen for the rest of the studies. In vivo anti-oxidative and hypocholesterolemic studies upon rats showed increasing effect towards plasma and liver anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) while total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-cholesterol were decreased and HDL-cholesterol was increasd. This mushroom extract demonstrated absence of adverse effect upon the organ function tests. As derangement of memory and learning abilities is the most notable complication associated with AD, the effect of the HWE of G. lucidum had been tested upon the AD model rats. Feeding of HWE of G. lucidum was found to improve memory and learning abilities of the AD rats. This cognitive improvement has been supported by elevated levels of memory related neurotransmitters in the respective rats. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies demonstrated pronged neuronal dendrites in the G. lucidum HWE treated rats than those of the non-treated. Finally, brain comparative proteomics have identified differentially expressed proteins involved in neurotransmission, metabolism, cellular stress response and misfolding repairment. Improved functional network had been observed among the proteome of the G. lucidum HWE treated rats through STRING analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified nervous system development, cell-cell signaling and interaction, molecular transport and cell death and survival among the top-most functional networks among the experimental subjects. Thus, AD ameliorating effect of G. lucidum through anti-oxidative and hypocholesterolemic performances might be implicated in AD therapeutics
The Structure of Employment, Globalization, and Economic Crises: Rethinking Contemporary Employment Dynamics with a Focus on the U.S. and Japan
Full text linkThis paper explores the intersections between the current trajectory of globalization, changes to the structure of employment, and policies for maintaining opportunities for decent employment. There are numerous outcomes of these interactions, including higher levels of open unemployment, growth of informal employment, downward pressure on the returns to labor, and a redistribution of risk from capital to labor. Common factors have affected labor demand and labor supply in a range of countries, but specific employment outcomes are dependent on domestic institutions and structural realities. Within this broader framework, the paper examines changing patterns of employment in Japan and the U.S. in recent years, including the experience of both countries with regard to financial bubbles and subsequent crises.J21, O43, P48
Contributions of ordinary citizens towards development of a society: the case of Bangladesh
Full text linkThis paper highlights the contributions of ordinary citizens to the development of a developing country –
Bangladesh. The article discusses the contributions made by two ordinary citizens of Bangladesh, Begum Rokeya
Sakhawat Hossain and Khondker Azizur Rahman Salim, toward building the society. It is argued in this paper that the
participation of ordinary citizens in the development of a society is important. While the elites of a society may lay down the strategy, and sometimes the policies for developing such a society, ordinary citizens on their own can, in fact, play an important role in those regards. This paper highlights the strategies adopted by those two common citizens. It also chronicles their sufferings, sacrifices and achievements. The paper concludes that while the contributions made by Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain is celebrated, those of Khondker Azizur Rahman Salim remains unrecognised by the Bangladesh society. The paper adopts qualitative research method. Information about Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain have been collected from works done by her and by others on her. Khondker Azizur Rahman was interviewed
both in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Maryland, the United States, where he currently lives
Anthropometric variables and nutritional status of adolescent school girls in a food insecure rural area of Bangladesh
No full textThis study estimated the anthropometric variables and nutritional status of rural adolescent school girls of food insecure Bera subdistrict of Pabnam district in Bangladesh. The cross sectional study was carried out in rural adolescent school girls of 21 governments approved high schools of Bera sudistrict of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Anthropometric and socio-demographic information from 2,196 adolescent girls were collected during 2011-2012 academic session. Height and weight were measured using standard procedure and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMI was compared to the 2007 WHO growth reference. Height- for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) were used to evaluate stunting, underweight and thinness respectively, based on the National Centre of Heath Statistics (NCHS) < - 2 Z score values. Classification of severity of malnutrition was done based on WHO recommendation. Mean BMI-for-age were less than those of 2007 WHO growth reference for girls at all ages.The overall rate of stunting, underweight and thinness was 33.13%, 28.06% and 17.92% respectively. Based on WHO classification of severity of malnutrition, the overall prevalence of stunting was high (30-39%), whereas those of underweight 20-29% was high. This study concludes that poor anthropometric variables and nutritional status among the adolescents indicated a major public health problem in food insecure rural areas of Bangladesh. An intensive and comprehensive approach is required to improve the nutritional status of rural adolescent girls of Bangladesh
Macroeconomic policies, employment and labour markets in transition in central and eastern Europe
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