511 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
SARAY'S SILVER DANGS OF JUCHID KHAN OF 15-th CENTURY WITH NAME MUHAMMAD
No full textProgress has been achieved in recent decades in the study of the coins of the Golden Horde
at the final stage of its existence. However, the late emissions of Juchid coin of 15-th century are
still insufficiently studied. This prevents the full use of numismatic sources for the adequate
reconstruction of political events of that turbulent time.
The paper is aimed at the publication and preliminary analysis of the main types of Saray’s
silver dangs of Juchid khan of 15-th century with name Muhammad.
These issues are very poorly represented in scientific articles: of nine types analyzed in the
paper only one was properly published with graphic reconstruction of dies.
For the first time dangs, which are the subject of this article, were mentioned (without
graphic reconstructions) in the famous work of Hh.M. Frähn “Recensio numorum
Muhammedanorum”, published in 1826. In A.K. Markov’s “Inventory Catalog of Muslim Coins of
the Imperial Hermitage” (1896) there is no mention of the Saray’s dangs of either Ulugh-
Muhammad or Muhammad b. Timur. In 2004 V.P.Lebedev and V.B. Klokov had information
about 8 coins, which are the subject of this article, and attributed these dangs to the issues of
Ulugh-Muhammad.
Enlarged photographic images of silver coins with metrology (most of which are first
introduced into scientific circulation) of Juchid khan of 15-th century with name Muhammad are
presented in the article.
Nine types of late Juchid silver dangs with the name and titles of khan Muhammad on the
obverse and the designation of mint on the reverse as Saray, Saray al-Jadida, Saray al-Mahrusa are
published. Reconstruction and translation of monetary legends, as well as preliminary analysis of
emissions, are given.
The place of issue on the coins is indicated as a Saray (without the epithet or with al-Jadida
or al-Mahrusa). But this fact alone does not allow to state with complete confidence that these
dangs were minted there. With regard to the silver emissions of the XIV century, it is proved that
the coins in some cases weren’t minted where it is written on their reverses. A similar situation
could have take place in the XV century. According to the information reported to the author, the
coins published in the paper were unearthed on vast spaces that once were the territory of the
Golden Horde – from Moldova to Siberia without any apparent concentration in one region, which
may not be surprising paying attention to the rarity of the coins. At the present level of our
knowledge, the place of minting of these coins can not be reliably established.
It can be affirmed that most of the silver dangs, that are the subject of this paper, have a
weight in the range from 0.66 to 0.96 g.
None of the published coins carries the date, which creates the problem of dating these
issues. Taking into account all facts, the author thinks that it is possible to date most of the
reproduced dangs as 822-the mid of 830-s AH.
Who was that Muhammad-khan, on whose behalf the published coins were issued?
Historiography was dominated until recently by the viewpoint formulated by V.P. Lebedev and
V.P. Klokov, that in the case of different Muhammads an understanding was already reached on
the issue how they called themselves on coins: Ulugh-Muhammad – simply Muhammad, Boraq –
Muhammad-Boraq, Küchük-Muhammad – Muhammad b. Timur. It was established on the
numismatic material by Yuriy Zayonchkovskiy that on dangs of Küchük-Muhammad his name
can be written as Muhammad b. Timur or simply as Muhammad. Thus, the absence of nasab on a
coin is not a sufficient basis for classifying a coin for Ulugh-Mukhammad. In view of what has
been said, it can be stated that published dangs can’t be automatically attributed to Ulugh-
Mukhamad’s emissions.
The proposed article is an important step to make attribution of published coins more precise.
The author hopes that a full introduction of these interesting dangs into the scientific study can
activate the discovery and research of relevant numismatic sources, will allow to find the missing
answers and, if necessary, to specify (and possibly correct) the theses presented in the paper
THE effects of ageing on driving related performance
No full textAccording to one estimate, about 40 percent of the driving population will be over the age of 60by the year 2020 in the UK and currently, several hundred thousand drivers with dementia holddriving licenses. The number of motor vehicle crashes per unit distance of automobile travel is“U”-shaped, with risk increasing slightly between the ages of 55 and 60, but risk increasing witheach successive five-year interval. Some individuals who have mild dementia possess sufficientdriving skills to be designated as fit drivers. The most challenging assessment and decision for thephysician/licensing authority as regards fitness to drive lies in drivers who are questionablydemented or are in a state of very mild dementia.In the absence of a reliable standard protocol, some clinicians make judgment based on selfreporting,which has risks associated with it as lack of insight and judgment are potential commontraits of the population experiencing cognitive decline. Seldom is recourse made by healthprofessionals to on-road assessment as a first alternative as it requires a fee and such testingcenters are not readily available everywhere. This research addresses this issue of theidentification of cognitive tests that can be used to assess an individual’s ability to drive andespecially of those individuals that are questionably demented and are the most difficult toidentify. A younger and an older group consisting of 56 drivers in total were administered ninedifferent cognitive tests and two drives (Drive-I and Drive-II) on the STISIM driving simulator.The cognitive test ufov3 (involving the identification of a central target and simultaneously theradial localization of a peripheral target embedded in distracter triangles), which is the thirdsubtest of the UFOV (Useful Field of View) test showed the highest discriminating ability inseparating “poor-drivers” from “not-poor-drivers”, with 92.86 % of the drivers correctlyclassified. The next best discriminating ability in decreasing order of strength was that of dichoticlistening test, trail making test, rey-copy test and paper folding test. Also, age was found to be anexcellent discriminator of “poor-drivers” and “not-poor-drivers” with 91.07 % of the driverscorrectly classified. A composite cognitive measure consisting of the sum of all nine cognitivetests was not a better predictor than the ufov3 test alone; overall it was still an excellentdiscriminator, classifying 89.29 % of drivers correctly. The commonly recommended ClockDrawing test and the Trail Making test did not emerge as significant predictors of driving ability.A general driving skills linear model for prediction purposes was derived that explained 59 % ofthe variation in a general driving performance index with the ufov3 test, the dichotic listening testand the rey-recall test as significant predictors. Recommendations are made as to how this testshould be used to screen potentially at risk drivers
Study of Pakistan pilot project farmer-leaders to Nepal
No full textFarmer participation / Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigated farming / Sustainable agriculture / Institution building / Pakistan
Elastomeric grating sensor for multifunctional optofluidic biosensing
No full textOptical sensing techniques are being employed in widespread applications
ranging from aerospace to electronics, process control and medicine. Optical
biosensors are desirable in various clinical applications for their greater
sensitivity, electrical passivity, wide dynamic range and high spatial resolution.
Optical biosensors such as laser interferometers and optical fiber sensors can be
incorporated for the real time measurement of biofluid parameters.
Various applications in medicine such as blood monitoring in
hemodialysis require the monitoring of multiple biofluid parameters. As multiple
monitors are needed for sensing, the sensor becomes bulky and costly. Miniature
optical sensors based on elastomers are best suited for this purpose. Sensors
based on deformable elastomeric materials have several benefits such as greater
sensitivity, high spatial resolution, reliability and low cost.
The Multifunctional Elastomeric Grating Sensor (EGS) presented in this
thesis is fabricated using elastomeric materials. The EGS is made by integrating
a two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grating inside a hemispherical chamber. The
sensing mechanism of the EGS is based on the diffraction of light. The laser
beam passing through the 2D grating and the fluid inside the chamber is
diffracted. The diffraction angle and the power of diffraction orders are used to
compute the biofluid parameters. This sensor can be used for real time
monitoring of glucose concentration, refractive index, pressure and opacity of the
fluid.
In future, the EGS will also be useful in highly sensitive temperature
measurements. This device is being tested for more advanced biological
experiments such as DNA hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA). This simple, compact and low cost device has an enormous
potential for future use in various clinical applications such as blood monitoring
in hemodialysis.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-05-01The student, Muhammad Khan, accepted the attached license on 2015-04-12 at 18:13.The student, Muhammad Khan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-04-12 at 18:22.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-04-13 at 13:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #7823 on 2015-07-22 at 14:17:41Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T22:33:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-13Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 79848
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Relationship between work environment support for training and organizational commitment: The moderating role of trainees’ characteristics and mediating role of training transfer
No full textThe student, Muhammad Khan, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-11 at 11:00.The student, Muhammad Khan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-11 at 11:13.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-18 at 15:16.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13561 on 2019-08-22 at 16:21:02Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-04-18Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112299
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemDespite the importance of work environment support for training variables (training opportunities, supervisory support for training, peer support for training and opportunity to use training), there is limited understanding of how these variables influence employees' organizational commitment. This study aims to explore the relationship between work environment support for training and employees' organizational commitment in Pakistan’s banking sector. Social Exchange Theory (SET) was utilized as a framework where work environment support for training is considered as a favor from organization and organizational commitment was considered as a reciprocal attitude of employees. The study also explored whether training transfer mediates a relationship between work environment support for training and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the study explored whether the trainees’ characteristics such as training self-efficacy, training motivation, perceived utility of training, and training retention moderates the relationship between work environment support for training and organizational commitment. An online survey based on validated instruments used to collect data from the employees (n=334) working in one of the largest banks of Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis, among other statistical techniques, was used to test the hypotheses and determine significant relationships. The results showed that banking employees in Pakistan were not found to experience affective commitment; that is, no significant relationship was found between work environment support for training variables and affective commitment. Rather, the study found a positive relationship between (i) training opportunities and continuance commitment, (ii) opportunity to use training and continuance commitment, and (iii) supervisory support for training and normative commitment. All four trainee characteristic—e.g., training self-efficacy, training motivation, perceived utility of training and training retention—were found to moderate the relationship between training opportunities and continuance commitment. Training motivation also moderated the relationship between peer support for training and normative commitment. Several implications of these findings, limitations, and future research suggestions are discussed.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112299
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z
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An Analysis of Allocative Efficiency of Wheat Growers in Northern Pakistan
No full textRestricted translog production model is used to estimate the allocative efficiency of wheat growers in Peshawar Valley. It is found that average allocative efficiency is 72 percent. To increase the allocative efficiency, farmers need to increase the use of nitrogen and phosphorous and decrease the use of tillage and irrigation.
A Glimpse into the Scholarly Works of Sheikh Muhammad Hayat Sindhi
No full textSindh is considered to be the first region of the subcontinent where the light of Islam illuminated the land.This region has produced numerous scholars who gained renown throughout the Islamic world. Among these luminaries was Sheikh Muhammad Hayat bin Ibrahim Sindhi (d. 1163 A.H.), a prominent Islamic scholar, jurist, and prolific author affiliated with the Hanafi School of jurisprudence. Sheikh Hayat Sindhi was celebrated as one of the leading experts in Hadith, jurisprudence, and various other Islamic disciplines, including Islamic literature. Born in Sindh, Sheikh Hayat Sindhi received his early education from his father. He later traveled to Thatta, where he studied under renowned scholars such as Muhammad MoinThattavi. Seeking advanced knowledge in Islamic disciplines, he migrated to theHaramainSharifain, andeventually settled in Madinah.There he began teaching at Masjid al-Nabawi and dedicated himself to teaching hadith for 24 years. Sheikh Hayat Sindhi authored numerous books on diverse topics related to Islamic studies and the social issues facing Muslim societies. His works, renowned among Islamic scholars, are imbued with wisdom, etiquette, and ethical values derived from the Qur’an, Hadith, jurisprudential insights of eminent scholars, and intellectual reasoning. This study provides a concise biography of Sheikh Hayat Sindhi and examines his contributions across various fields of Islamic knowledge. It also reflects an admiration and appreciation for the profound impact of his scholarly works
Evaluating the rice genotypes at various growth stages under agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan
No full textThis research study was conducted for evaluation of 5 genotypes of rice (KANGNI-27, MATHRA, E-107, E-94, and IRRI-06) for different traits at various growth stages. The experiment was done at the Agriculture Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan during the kharif season of 2020. The study was designed as RCBD with three replications. Data was recorded including length of seedlings, length of leaf, width of leaf, number of tillers, and height of plant at various growth stages, at nursery stage, after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of plantation. At the nursery stage, genotype MATHRA showed the high seedling length (48.89 cm), genotype IRRI-06 had the longest leaves (18.44 cm), and genotype E-94 had the widest leaves (6.78 mm). After 10 days of plantation, the genotype KANGNI-27 had the highest number of tillers (4.33), genotype MATHRA had the longest leaves (21.67 cm), and genotype E-94 had the widest leaves (7.22 mm). Twenty days after transplantation, genotype KANGNI-27 had the highest number of tillers (10.78), genotype MATHRA had the longest leaves (32.67 cm), and genotype IRRI-06 had the widest leaves (8.11 mm). Likewise, 30 days after transplantation, the genotype E-94 had the highest number of tillers (16.22), genotype MATHRA had the longest leaves (36.78 cm), and genotype KANGNI-27 had the widest leaves (10.11 mm). Moreover, at 40 days after transplantation, genotype MATHRA showed the tallest height of plant (36.78 cm). These findings can be used in future breeding programs to develop new rice varieties that are better adapted to Dera Ismail Khan climatic conditions. © 2023 The Author(s
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