52 research outputs found
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CHILDREN LEARNING IN SCIENCE (CLIS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI TEKANAN KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 7 TAMBANG
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the increase in cognitive learning outcomes of class VIII students on pressure material at SMP Negeri 7 Tambang using the Children Learning In Science (CLIS) model. The samples in this study were two classes, namely class VIII-A as the control class and class VIII-B as the experimental class. The type of research used is Experimental Research with a posttest-only control design model. Data collection was carried out using a written test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions of 20 items. The data obtained is then subjected to a normality test and homogeneity test to find out whether the data obtained is homogeneous or not. Furthermore, to find out whether or not there were significant differences in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes, an independent sample test was carried out with a significance level of 0.05. Based on the results of data processing, a significance <0.05 was obtained which indicated that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. it can be concluded that there are significant differences in students' cognitive learning outcomes between classes that use the CLIS model and classes that apply conventional learning models
Uji Penghambatan Tirosinase dan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Pemutih yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Batang Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
Get PDFThe cortex of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) contains some flavonoids which have activity as tyrosinase inhibitors. This compound can inhibit the oxidation of l-tyrosine and levodopa in the mechanism of melanogenesis. The extract of jackfruit cortex formulated into creams differentiated by the extract concentration of 1,5% and 2,0%. Physical stability test was conducted with storing the creams at three different temperatures, 7 ± 2°, 27 ± 2°, and 40±2°C respectively. Centrifugal tests and cycling test was also performed on both cream. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity measurement was done by in vitro studies with measuring dopachrome. The result showed that both of formulations which stored at 40±2°C and centrifugated at 3800 rpm for 5 hours were not stable. The result of tyrosinase inhibiton activity measurement of creams containing extract of 1,5% and 2,0 % were 10,64% and 11,34%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of creams decreased after two month stored. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of cream containing 1,5%extract decreased into 6,93%, and cream containing 2,0%extract decreased into 7,74%. The decreasing of tyrosinase inhibition activity is caused by the small amount of antioxidant is not enough to prevent oxidation of active ingredient
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER MENGGUNAKAN SPINNING WHEEL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT menggunakan Spinning Wheel terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP tentang getaran, gelombang, dan bunyi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Quasi Experiment Design, dan desain penelitiannya adalah Non-equivalent Posttest only Group Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPN 7 Tambang, siswa kelas VIII E (total 32) dan siswa kelas VIII F (total 30) dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil ulangan harian yang diberikan kepada siswa pada materi getaran, gelombang, dan bunyi yang terdiri dari 16 soal pilihan ganda digunakan sebagai data penelitian. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan signifikansi (sig, 2-tailed) sebesar 0.011, maka H0 ditolak yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelas. Dengan selisih rata-rata sebesar 9,43, diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran konvesional, dengan selisih rata-rata 9,43. Kelas eksperimen memperoleh nilai rata-rata 63,33, sedangkan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rata 53,90.This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the NHT type cooperative learning model using the Spinning Wheel on the learning outcomes of class VIII junior high school students about vibration, waves, and sound. This research uses the Quasi Experiment Design research type, and the research design is the Non-equivalent Posttest Only Group Design. This research was conducted at SMPN 7 Tambang, students of class VIII E (total 32) and students of class VIII F (total 30) were used as research subjects. The results of the daily test given to students on vibration, waves, and sound material consisting of 16 multiple choice questions were used as research data. The results of the hypothesis test show a significance (sig, 2-tailed) of 0.011, then H0 is rejected which means there is a significant difference between the two classes. With an average difference of 9.43, the average student learning outcomes after using the NHT cooperative learning model are much greater than the average student learning outcomes after using conventional learning models, with an average difference of 9.43. The experimental class obtained an average value of 63.33, while the control class obtained an average value of 53.90
Efek Nefroprotektif Infus Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) Pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida
Get PDFRenal dysfunction can be caused by several factors, including hypertension, urinary tract obstruction, autoimmune disorders, urinary tract infection, diabetes mellitus, consumption of drugs that affect nephrotoxic and antibiotic from aminoglycoside class. Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) is a traditional plant that hasbeen used empirically to treat kidney diseases. The research has been done to figure out the nephroprotective effect of breadfruit leaves infusion on white male rats strain Sprague-Dawley previously induced by carbon tetrachloride. There were 25 rats which were divided randomly into five groups. Group I which was the normal control group received CMC 0,5%. Group II which was the carbon tetrachloride control group was induced with carbon tetrachloride that was dissolved in the coconut oil 0,4 mL/kg bw rat. Group III, IV and V were administered doses of infusion 13,5 g/kg bw/day; 27 g/kg bw/day and 54 g/kg bw/day for 7 days. Two hours later, the animals were given carbon tetrachloride induction. At the 8th day, the blood was collected from the orbital sinus and then the rats were performed a surgery to collect the kidney. The urea and creatinine plasma level measurement has been done by colorimetric method and histology of kidney was observed. One way ANOVA (α=0,1) of the study showed that nephroprotective effect of breadfruit leaves infusion were significantly different among groups and dose of 54 g/kg bw/day has the best nephroprotective effect
ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF CROSS-LINKED EXCIPIENT MATRIX OF CO-PROCESSED XANTHAN GUM-AMYLOSE AND DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM TABLET
Get PDFObjectives: This study aims to determine the amount of excipient that is degraded by alpha-amylase and the influence of alpha-amylase to thedissolution profile of sustained-release tablets that use matrix CL-Co-A-XG.Methods: Excipient is cross-linked with two concentrations of sodium trimetaphospate, which are 6% (CL6-Co-A-XG) and 12% (CL12-Co-A-XG).Each excipient is made with the ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 amylose-xanthan gum. Enzymatic degradation tests are performed on excipient powders for60 minutes. Sustained-release tablet with CL-Co-A-XG excipient as a matrix is formulated through direct compression method. Then, drug dissolutiontests are performed in a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4 both using and without using alpha-amylase as a medium for 8 hrs.Results: The results of this study show that CL6-Co-A-XG and CL12-Co-A-XG degraded 20% at 10 and 30 minutes, respectively. In addition, the releaseprofile of F1-F6 tablets show the sustained-release profile that follows zero-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics and is unaffected by the presenceof alpha-amylase.Conclusions: From this study, it can be concluded that the CL-Ko-A-XG excipients are more resistant to enzymatic degradation than amylose. Therefore,this excipient shows potential as a single matrix sustained-release tablet.</jats:p
Uji Penghambatan Aktivitas alfa-glukosidase Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Antidesma montanum Blume
Get PDFalpha-Glucosidase inhibitor has known to be a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment, especially type 2 DM. Based on previous studies. There are various plants that have the effect of inhibiting the activity of a-glucosidase, one of which is garu leaves (Antidesma montanum Blume). This research aimed to get the fraction which had the highest Il-glucosidase inhibiting activity from ethanol extract of garu leaves and identify the chemical compounds from the most active fraction. Simplisia powder was extracted by maseration using 80% ethanol then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Inhibitory activity test was performed by measuring absorbance of p-nitrophenol, which produced by reaction between Il-glucosidase and p-nitrophenyl-u-l)-glucopyranoside, using microplate reader at 405 nm. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction have the best Il-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values 138.38 ppm. The test of enzyme kinetics showed that ethyl acetate fraction inhibited competitively. The phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate fraction of garu leaves contained glycosides, tannins, and terpenes
IN-SILICO SCREENING AGAINST ANTIMALARIAL TARGET PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ENOYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE
Get PDFÂ Â Objective: Malaria is a parasitic infection that causes worldwide health problems. The absence of an effective vaccine and Plasmodium strains that are resistant to antimalarial drugs emphasize the importance of developing new chemotherapeutic agents. The use of computers for in-silico screening, or virtual screening, is currently being developed as a method for discovering antimalarial drugs. One of the enzymes that can support the development of the malaria parasite is the Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR). Inhibition of these enzymes leads to Type II lipid biosynthesis inhibition on the parasite.Methods: This research investigates the use of virtual screening to find PfENR inhibitor candidates. A molecular docking method using GOLD software and the medicinal plants in Indonesia database will be used. This target has been optimized by the removal of residues and the addition of charge. Ligand is expected to be an inhibitor of PfENR.Results: In-silico screening, or virtual screening, found that the top five compounds with the highest GOLD score at trial are kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl- (1-3)-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-glucoside; cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside); 8-hydroxyapigenin 8-(2\u27\u27, 4\u27\u27-disulfato glucuronide); epigallocatechin 3,5,-di- O-gallat; quercetin 3,4\u27-dimethyl ether 7-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-6)-glucoside. They had GOLD scores of 94.73, 95.90, 86.46, 85.39, and 84.40, respectively.Conclusions: There are two candidate inhibitor compounds from tea (Camellia sinensis), which have potential for development as an antimalarial drug, which are kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1-3)-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-glucoside and epigallocatechin 3,5,-di-O-gallate, with a GOLD score of 94.73 and 85.39, respectively
UJI KELAYAKAN E-MODUL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SIGIL PADA MATERI FENOMENA KUANTUM KELAS XII SMA
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The research was conducted to obtain products in the form of e-modules with the E-PUB format which were made using the sigil application on quantum phenomena material for class XII SMA. E-module with sigil application supports text, images, audio and video. This e-module learns about black body radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect and x-ray. The research method adopted the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model. The ADDIE model is divided into five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This research was conducted from the analysis, design to development stages. The data source was obtained from the scores of the questionnaire assessment results in the form of a checklist filled in by 3 expert validators. There are 4 aspects of the assessment carried out by the validator, namely aspects of content feasibility, linguistic aspects, presentation aspects and graphical aspects. The data obtained shows that the content feasibility aspect gets a score of 3.55 getting a very high category, the linguistic aspect has a score of 3.49 getting a high category, the presentation aspect has a score of 3.66 getting a very high category, and the graphical aspect has a score of 3.33 getting high category. So that the total average score of all aspects is 3.51 with a very high category. The conclusion from this study is that the e-module using the sigil application on quantum phenomena material for class XII SMA is valid and feasible to carry out for further research, namely the field trial stage, namely the implementation stage.
Penelitian dilakukan untuk memperoleh produk berbentuk e-modul dengan format E-PUB yang dibuat dengan menggunakan aplikasi sigil pada materi fenomena kuantum kelas XII SMA. E-modul dengan aplikasi sigil mendukung teks, gambar, audio dan video. E-modul ini mempelajari tentang fenomena kuantum yang ada dalam KD 3.8 kurikulum 2013 revisi. Metode penelitian mengadopsi metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Model ADDIE terbagi dalam lima tahapan yaitu analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari tahap analsis, desain hingga tahap pengembangan. Sumber data didapatkan dari skor hasil penilaian kuesioner berbentuk checklist yang diisi oleh 3 validator pakar. Terdapat 4 aspek penilaian yang dilakukan oleh validator yaitu aspek kelayakan isi, aspek kebahasaan, aspek sajian dan aspek kegrafisan. Data yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa aspek kelayakan isi memperoleh nilai 3,55 mendapatkan kategori sangat tinggi, aspek kebahasaan memiliki skor 3,49 mendapatkan kategori tinggi, aspek sajian memiliki skor 3,66 mendapatkan kategori sangat tinggi, dan aspek kegrafisan memiliki skor 3,33 memdapatkan kategori tinggi. Sehingga total skor rerata dari semua aspek adalah 3,51 memperoleh kategori sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini mendapatkan kesimpulan yaitu e-modul yang dihasilkan memakai aplikasi sigil pada materi fenomena kuantum kelas XII SMA telah valid dan layak untuk dilaksanakan ke penelitian selanjutnya yakni tahap ujicoba ke lapangan yaitu tahap implementasi. 
Uji Penghambatan Aktivitas alfa-glukosidase Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Antidesma neurocarpum Miq.
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic dysfunction disease showed by hyperglicemia and abnormality of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism. It is known can be cured with a-glucosidase inhibitor. Previous experiment reported that methanol extract from leaves of Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. has a strong inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase (IC50 = 2,18 mikrogram/mL). The aim of this experiment was to know about the most active extract and fraction of inhibitory activity of a-glycosidase and also the chemical compounds from those most active extract and fraction. Extraction is done by using multilevel maceration (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). Inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase tested with microplate reader at 405 nm wavelength. As standard, we used carbose (IC50=38.37 gg/mL). Methanol extract has the strongest inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase as shown the highest inhibitor percentage (89.53%). It is identified the chemical compounds and fracinationed by flash column chromatography. Fractination produced 15 combined fractions. Combined fractions which more than 200 mg tested to know their inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase. Result showed that the most active fraction is the 8th (IC50=40.77 gg/mL) with a competitive inhibitor mechanism to a-glycosidase. Chemical compounds that is found in the methanol extract and 8th fraction of Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. leaves are flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, fenol and alkaloids
Analisis Kandungan Ion Flourida pada Sampel Air Tanah dan Air PAM Secara Spektrofotometri
Get PDFFluoride ion is one of the compounds that are known to have benefits in the prevention of dental caries when used in certain concentrations, but also hasnegative effects that may cause the occurrence of dental and bone fluorosis when the intake was in excessive concentration. One of the fluoride intakes comes fromwater that is consumed. The aim of this research was to identify and measurefluoride ion levels in groundwater and piped water that used as drinking water consumption in the community. Measurement of fluoride ion concentration isdone by using visible spectrophotometry at the maximum wavelength of 586 nmusing the sodium 2-parasulfophenylazo 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene-3,6disulfonate (SPADNS)-zirconil acid reagent. This method was optimized by thesearch of range of absorption which stable for 10 minutes after reagent addition.The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation forfluoride ion were 0.0452 mg/L, 0.1506 mg/L, and 0,63%, respectively. While therecovery of fluoride ion in sample were in the range of 90,50-102,04%. The measurement results of the samples showed levels of fluoride ions in groundwaterand piped water varied between 0.05 to 0.78 mg/L. This range was still within allowed levels according the rules of Indonesian health ministers No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 where the maximum allowable fluoride concentration is 1.5 mg/L
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