110 research outputs found
The Swedish crime paradox : A brief on challenges posed by organised crime in Sweden
No full textIn this policy brief, based on published and forthcoming studies, author Amir Rostami outlines the changing nature of crime in Sweden, with a focus on organised crime, specifically lethal violence and fraud. What are the lessons learned from the Swedish crime paradox, namely the rise in organised crime, but not an equivalent rise in general crime, and what needs to be implemented to counter organised crime? The reaction to the question can be divided into two components: local and global.</p
Rejection of Transplanted Organ in the Legal System of Civil Liability in Iran: civil liability arising from rejection of transplanted organ
No full textBackground and Aim: Rejection of transplanted organs refers to a phenomenon where the immune system of the recipient body refuses to accept the transplanted organ. This review is conducted to identify the liability of the health staff in complications of the organ transplantation process and in particular, the role of donor and recipient in the liability arising from it.
Materials and Methods: In the present review, utilizing the keywords of organ transplantation, civil liability, and rejection in databases of Magiran, Google, SID, the related articles are studied and analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: Honesty in the literature and citation analysis and reporting were considered.
Findings: The liability arising from rejection and other complications of transplantation, has usually a contractual figure, and unlike other medical responsibilities, it has a feature that there are two contracts of "transfer of organ between donor and recipient" and "therapy contract" behind it. In cases where transplant rejection is caused by a defect in the transplanted organ and the donor is aware of it, transplant rejection is attributed to the recipient with no goodwill; with violation of "implied term of the transplanted organ health" in the contract between the donor and recipient, his liability is the case. The therapy contract follows the general rule enacted by the new Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013, and the doctor and other factors that caused transplant rejection, in case of fault, are responsible for compensation for the damages to the transplanted organ recipient.
Conclusion: In principle, donor and devisees of a person who is brain dead, in many cases, are exempt from the liability arising from transplant rejection or other complications, according to the benefaction rule, and in cases where transplant rejection is attributed to the recipient, he/she is exempt from compensation.
*Corresponding Author: Ebadolah Rostami Chelkasari; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-3284
Please cite this article as: Rostami Chelkasari E, Khafi S. Rejection of Transplanted Organ in the Legal System of Civil Liability in Iran. Bioeth Health Law J. 2021; 1:1-9: (e12). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.38156
 
Effect of Video Education on Reduction of Post ETC Complications
No full textIntroduction: ECT is an effective and unknown treatment in the psychiatric diseases for which the patients and
their families have an illogical fear. Horror of brain injury due to ETC is always with the patients . This study is
to investigate the effect of video education on decrease of ECT complications.
Methods In this blind study ,the patients were given necessary education about ECT through a video film made
by researcher and his team (about 25 minutes of lenght) before ETC by the personnel. Then,after the first
session , during all other sessions and, at the last session,related questionnnaires were filled after patients were
examined by the researcher.Each of the experiment and control group contained 30 samples.
Results: The mean of total ETC complications in the first stage was 2 ,the second stage 1.9 , the third stage1.3
the forth stage1.3,the fifth stage 0.6 and the sixth stage it was 1.In educated and non educated groups in the first
stage 2.3, the second 2.6,the third 1.9,the forth 2,the fifth 2.7 and the sixth it was 2.2.Education has somehow
decreased the complications in stages 2,4,5 and 6 of ECT.There was a significant difference between reduction
of headache in stage 5 of ETC and education,between memeory reduction disorder in stages 2 and 5 of ETC and
education and finally between reduction of vomiting in stages 2 and 5 of ETC and education.
Conclusion:Regarding the association between reduction of complications with education and its further
reduction with repitition of watching the educational film,this study is counted as a valuable study which is
recommended to be conducted with more samples and facilities
Implementing Business Model Innovation: Human and organisational perspectives
No full textAlthough business model innovation (BMI) can create a firm's competitive advantage and enhance its performance, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) fail to obtain the expected outcomes when innovating their business model. BMI leads to irreversible fundamental changes in key components of a company's business model, which means it entails a high level of risk, ambiguity and uncertainty. BMI can be seen as a double-edged sword, in that it can have very positive and negative consequences, and firms can experience substantial growth or go bankrupt, depending on whether or not the BMI is implemented correctly. Hence, knowing how and when to innovate a BM is a serious challenge for firm managers/owners. This study developed a model for implementing Business Model Innovation in SMEs focusing on “human and organisational” factors to improve performance. The model shed light upon our understanding of the managerial side of BM implementation by highlighting the role of managers and employees within organization as a key driver for any change in a BM. These findings provide guidelines to help company owners/managers implement informed decisions about the implementation of BMI based on their firm's strategies.Information and Communication Technolog
A Study of Social Happiness with an Emphasis on Social Well-Being: A Mixed-Method Research Conducted Among Citizens of Mashhad*
No full textA Study of Social Happiness with an Emphasis on Social Well-Being: A Mixed-Method Research Conducted Among Citizens of Mashhad* Nader Sanati Shargh[1] , Ahmad Bokharaei[2] Shah Bakhti Rostami[3] , Mohammad Hasan Sharbatiyan[4] Accepted: Received: Abstract Social happiness refers to behavior that is demonstrated by expressive and behavioral modes to convey a sense of passion and vigor, and contribute to enhanced relaxation of people. This paper uses a social well-being approach and a pragmatism strategy underlined by a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative step, the descriptive survey and in the qualitative step, the point interpolation (spatial analysis) have been used to analyze behavioral and expressive modes of social happiness. In this research, purposeful sampling consistent with the size of each area and the spatial and regional sampling methods was utilized. The data collection was based on thematic analysis (open and axial coding), statistical descriptive, and spatial analysis. Semi-deep interviews and self-administered questionnaires along with urban maps were used to collect data. The study area covered urban areas of Mashhad in the first half of the year 2018. The unit of analysis was family, in the quantitative step, the participants, in the qualitative step, and urban areas, at the level of spatial analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for the research items (α=0.80). The main categories of the qualitative procedures with emphasis on warm [1]. Corresponding Author of the Assistant Professor and Member of the Department of Sociology of Payame Noor University. (Corresponding Author). [email protected] [2]. Assistant Professor and Member of the Department of Sociology of Payame Noor University. [email protected]. [3]. Associate Professor and member of the Department of Geography, PayameNoorUniversity. [email protected] [4]. Ph.D. Student of Sociology (Social Issues of Iran) PayamNoorUniversity. [email protected]
Microstructure development during the dissimilar welding of Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)
No full textIn this rapidly evolving industry, welding is the most important way to join the metals and other materials to each other. As an example, offshore pipe laying is one of the most applicable areas for welding. In this industry, welding plays main role and any defect in welding can lead to disastrous events.Offshore pipe laying is coupled strongly to the oil and gas industry for the extraction and transportation of hydrocarbons from the sea bed. A number of these pipe lines have two dissimilar layers. The inner layer is manufactured from a corrosion resistance alloy (CRA), however, the outer layer is normally a carbon-manganese steel which is cheap. If the inner and outer layer of the pipe are bonded metallurgically, they are called clad pipes. If these two layers are bonded mechanically, they are called, lined pipes. The type of welding in clad or lined pipes can be considered as dissimilar welds since these pipes consist of two dissimilar metal layers. Generally in welding technology, depending on the method of welding, a filler metal is chosen to provide the reasonable chemical and physical compatibility between the filler and base metal. In order to apply and investigate the compatible materials for the clad/lined pipes different filler wires could be used for each layer of the pipe, a superalloy for the inner part and a low carbon steel for the outer part. The compatibility of these two materials in terms of chemical and physical properties is the most important factor to avoid and minimize the introduction of microstructural defects in the weld metal especially at the interface of the two filler metals.Master of ScienceMaterials Science & EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Graphene electrically tuneable third harmonic generation
No full textElectrical control of the nonlinear optical response enables applications such as gate-tunable switches and frequency converters. Graphene displays strong-light matter interaction and electrically and broadband tunable third order nonlinear susceptibility. We show that the third harmonic generation efficiency in graphene can be tuned by over two orders of magnitude by controlling the Fermi energy and the incident photon energy
The People-side of Implementing Business Model Innovation: A study on the role of employee motivation, development & readiness to change in implementing business model innovation
No full textThe concept of business model innovation (BMI) has taken off significantly over the last decade in the academic as well as the business environment. It is seen as an important source of competitive advantage and is increasingly being used to achieve superior firm performance. Nevertheless, the field is yet to embrace the organizational dimension, especially in the BMI implementation phase. There is more focus given towards the technical aspect than the people aspect of BM implementation. Therefore, this research draws attention towards the people-side of implementing BMI, more specifically the role of employee motivation, development and readiness to change during BM implementation and how it influences the link between BMI and firm performance. First, a set of propositions, based on literature review, are used to develop a conceptual model that depicts the role of employee’s motivation, development and readiness to change in the BMI process. Thereafter, this model is used to analyze two cases of BMI in SMEs using a semi-structured interview method, to attest and refine the propositions. Besides obtaining a better understanding of the role of employees during BM implementation, this research provides empirical evidence that explains how certain employee characteristics influence the link between BMI and firm performance. Finally, the insights obtained has practical relevance as it stimulates better organizational practices when it comes to the people-side of implementing BMI.Management of Technology (MoT
The effect of SAP and SCM on microstructure development in early age fibre reinforced mortars
No full textThe use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) in concrete manufacture has significantly increased in the last decades mainly due to their sustainability benefits. Polymeric Fibres (PF) are commonly used in concrete in order to enhance adhesive and frictional bond with a cementitious matrix and improve mechanical properties. Despite these, early age shrinkage of cementitious materials is still a major concern and some form of internal curing is necessary, for example by Superabsorbent polymers (SAP). By providing a continuous supply of water for hydration SAPs influence long term durability and sustainability of mortars. However, the effect of different SAPs on microstructure development in fibre reinforced mortars (FRM) still remains scarce. The current study aims to address this issue. Three commercially available cements: CEM I (PC), CEM II (PC-FA) and CEM III (PC-GGBS) and three types of SAP were analysed. Microstructural features of composites were studied by MIP and SEM techniques. These were accompanied by the elastic modulus analysis of composites. The experimental results showed that application SAP E, with finer particle sizes, results in the lowest total porosities of mortars and greater number of evenly distributed smaller pores (under 20 nm). This subsequently leads to the reduced effect on elastic modulus of FRM. In summary, the smaller SAP particles and more evenly distributed the more efficient in hydration process and more homogenous internal microstructure
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The Silk Road Today: State Interventions and Intercultural Hospitality through Musical Encounters
No full textThis dissertation demonstrates how the historical Silk Road today serves as a model of intercultural hospitality. A theoretical examination of anthropological and philosophical theories of hospitality and inter- and multiculturalism enables the author to argue that equitable, intercultural exchanges can only take place within an ethos of intercultural hospitality. Relying on different ethnographic case studies in Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, the author illustrates how this ethos figures in large-scale international musical events and projects. These events and projects most importantly include the state-sponsored International Fajr Music Festival and state media celebrations of Nowruz in Iran, the Academy of Maqom in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, and a series of independent live and recorded musical performances in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. A comprehensive analysis of the 32nd Fajr Music Festival and its earlier editions reveals that state organizers often capitalize on a semblance of intercultural hospitality to promote the theocratic ideologies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The ethnographic analyses of this festival and state media celebrations of Nowruz in the 1980s and 1990s reveal that the Iranian regime readily relaxes its strict policies against music only when its agendas are at risk. By foregrounding the different approaches of musicians and other members of the Iranian music community, the author demonstrates how they strive to create conditions for intercultural exchanges in order to appear on international music scenes, make their work globally relevant, and resist the regime’s top-down policies. The author’s studies of the Academy of Maqom and independent musical performances in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan uncover how such enterprises are compliant with the secular nationalist creeds of the Tajik and Uzbek governments at the same time that their agents seek to engage with intercultural exchanges
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