1,720,964 research outputs found
PENCEMARAN ASBES PADA PEKERJA DI TEMPAT KERJA
No full textPencemaran di ruangan kerja dapat menimbulkan kanker. Hal ini dinyatakan oleh National Cancer Institute and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)USA September tahun l978
Pemyataan tersebut di atas didasarkan pada basil studi.
l.Pencemaran yang sangat kecil dalam tempat kerja industri kimia dapat menimbulkan kanker paru paru pada para pekerja (misa1nya ashes, debu oven, dan diklorobenzidin .
2.Kanker itu disebabkan oleh beberapa cemaran penyebab kanker, misalnya : ashes rokok, dan benzidin .
3.Studi dilakukan pada pekerja berumur 30, 40 dan 50
tahun.
Lewat basil studi dinyatakan bahwa pekerja yang terserang kanker sekitar 1-5%. -The National Institute of Health (NIB) USA memperkirakan pada waktu yang akan datang penderita kanker paru paru yang meninggal disebabkan karena ashes dari tempat kerja
dari basil Studi Prince & Nicholson (1985) di penambangan ashes, pada pekerja tekstil, kertas, rel kereta api dan kontruksi diperkirakan pada tahun 1985--2009 akan terjadi kematian 125.000 orang karena kanker dari ashes
Pencemaran ashes di tempat kerja industri kimia, bila terhisap dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan radang (inflamasi) dan penyakit fibrogenik paru berkelanjutan menjadi kanker paru atau kanker lainnya.
Cemaran asbes dalam ruangan kerja dan lingkungan dapat menimbulkan kanker paru (asbestosis) oleh karena itu pengawasannya harus diatur dan ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Pembuatan peraturan tentang cemaran penyebab kanker paru paru(termasuk asbes) harus dilakukan bersama-sama ahli teknik dan para cendekiawan yang akan menstandarisasikan desain pabrik, proses. ventilasi, penghisap debu, cara pembuangan sampah dan lain-lain untuk setiap jenis bahan, agar cemaran yang keluar tidak lebih dari nilai ambang batas. Dalam pajanan tersebut di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa serat asbes dapat menimbulkan penyakit pada saluran pernapasan berupa kanker paru paru. Oleh karena itu harus dilengkapi peraturan lainnya yang dapat melindungi kesehatan pekerja dan biaya perawatannya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MANAJEMEN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA
No full textProgram Keluarga Berencana adalah perawatan kesehatan utama yang sesuai untuk kaum ibu dalam masa subur. Pelayanan keluarga berencana meliputi pemilihan alat Kontrasepsi, pelayanan aborsi yang aman (bila diperlukan untuk kesehatan ibu) dan kesehatan ibu. Pelayanan tambahan meliputi pencegahan penyakit kelamin termasuk AIDS, KB untuk ibu menyusui, perawatan setelah aborsi, diagnosis dan penobatan infeksi saluran reproduksi, pelayanan pengaduan tentang kesuburan dan Pap-smear untuk konsumen KB.Program KB juga dapat meningkatkan keinginan, kebutuhan dan melindungi kesehatan konsumen KB, serta mengurangi peserta putus KB dengan menanggulangi efek samping. Petugas KB harus tahu cara kerjanya mengapa terjadi efek samping.Pelayanan pengaduan konsumen adalah elemen penting untuk melengkapi pelayanan KB berkualitas baik dan dapat menolong menyesuaikan kehendak konsumen dengan tujuan program KB
ANALISIS PANGSA PASAR 20 OBAT SEJENIS DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1993
No full textThe low availability of information concerning the development of pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical market in Indonesia has lead into misunderstanding of development of pharmaceutical industry and the level of pharmaceuticals consumption in Indonesia. During the year of 1993 PT. Corinthian Infopharma Corpora has conducted research on sales of ethical drugs including the generic and OTC drugs in 7 (seven) big cities in Indonesia and the research findings determined ¡00 pharmaceutical companies with big sales records. The result of the survey of market share of sales and total production of 20 commonly used drugs are reported. The data shows variation in market share of sales and total production of 20 commonly used drugs. The data shows extreme and indiscriminate variation in drug prices among the generic and the trade mark drugs. It is argued that the government should intervene to regulate and control drug prices. Consumers should also take the initiative to campaign for social justice and fair play in drug pricing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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