306,442 research outputs found
METODOLOGI TAFSIR TABI’ TABI’IN: TELAAH ATAS KITAB TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN AL-AZIM KARYA IBNU ABI HATIM AL-RAZI
No full textAbstrakTulisan ini berusaha melakukan eksplorasi terhadap metodologi tafsir tabi’ tabi’in, yakni Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Azim karya Ibnu Abi Hatim al-Razi. Dengan membacanya dari perspektif konstruktivisme dengan analisa data intertekstualitas, penulis dapat mengindentifikasi keberadaan tafsir Ibnu Abi Hatim yang hanya menggunakan tafsir bi al-ma’tsur sebagai sumber penafsiran, yakni berdasarkan pada penjelasan riwayat hadis Nabi, pendapat sahabat, tabi’in, dan kisah-kisah israiliyyat. Sementara upaya dalam menjelaskan al-Qur’an, metode yang diusung Ibnu Abi Hatim adalah metode ijmali, yakni menafsirkan ayat al-Qur’an dengan bahasa yang ringkas, padat, dan tidak panjang lebar. Di samping itu, Ibnu Abi Hatim juga memakai metode muqaran dengan cara mengutip dan membandingkan pendapat sahabat dan tabi’in. Untuk corak tafsirnya, penafsiran Ibnu Abi Hatim tidak sampai pada corak disiplin keilmuan tertentu, hanya sebatas penafsiran letak geografis dan tradisionalis, yakni menafsirkan al-Qur’an dengan cenderung menggunakan riwayat-riwayat dari hadis Nabi, sahabat, dan tabi’in.AbstractThis paper seeks to explore the tabi’ tabi’in interpretation methodology, namely Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Azim by Ibnu Abi Hatim al-Razi. By reading it from a constructivism perspective with an analysis of intertextuality data, the writer can identify the existence of Ibnu Abi Hatim interpretation which only uses the interpretation of bi al-ma’tsur as a source of interpretation, which is based on an explanation of the Prophet’s hadith, the opinions of friends, tabi’in, and the stories of israiliyyat. While the effort in explaining al-Qur’an, the method carried by Ibnu Abi Hatim is the method of ijmali, which is interpreting verses of the Qur'an in a concise, concise, and not lengthy language. In addition, IIbnu Abi Hatim also used the muqaran method by quoting and comparing the opinions of friends and the tabi’in. For his interpretation style, the interpretation of Ibnu Abi Hatim did not reach a certain scientific discipline style, only limited to the interpretation of geographical and traditionalist locations, namely interpreting the al-Qur’an by tending to use narrations from the hadiths of the Prophet, friends, and tabi’in
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Perception of market and pricing among the sixteenth century Muslim scholars
No full textThe present paper investigates the perception of market and mechanism of pricing among the sixteenth century Muslim scholars, a period hitherto unexplored. In the commencement it briefly states the insufficient attention that the subject of market – the most fundamental element of Economics – has received in the conventional economics. To set a proper perspective it examines the situation in the Islamic tradition in earlier centuries before it studies the understanding of market and pricing among the Muslim scholars of the study period. It also deals with their stand regarding the price regulation. For comparison purpose, it examines the treatment of market and pricing in the work of their contemporary Western scholars. The paper ends with a note on 'just price', one of the most important economic concepts in the medieval period.Market, Pricing Mechanism, Economic Thought,Just price. History of Islamic Economic Thought
The emergence of mercantilism as a reaction against Muslim power: some of the evidences from history
No full textIn the early modern period, changing attitude of Medieval Europe towards trade as an outcome of encounter with Muslim scholars and rulers and consequently emergence of 'mercantilism' was a turning point in the history of economic thought. The paper documents evidences which prove that initially mercantilism was a reaction against Muslim powers. In the rise of mercantilism, discovery of the New World is considered a significant factor. The main objective before explorers and pioneers of mercantilism was to strengthen their governments through the acquisition of precious metal to regain the Holy Places, defeat the enemy, check the expanding power of Muslim rivals and spread Christianity. However, later it ended up in an effective economic movement.Mercantilism; History of Economic Thought; Medieval Economic History.
Visual scene recognition with biologically relevant generative models
No full textThis research focuses on developing visual object categorization methodologies that are based on machine learning techniques and biologically inspired generative models of visual scene recognition. Modelling the statistical variability in visual patterns, in the space of features extracted from them by an appropriate low level signal processing technique, is an important matter of investigation for both humans and machines. To study this problem, we have examined in detail two recent probabilistic models of vision: a simple multivariate Gaussian model as suggested by (Karklin & Lewicki, 2009) and a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) proposed by (Hinton, 2002). Both the models have been widely used for visual object classification and scene analysis tasks before. This research highlights that these models on their own are not plausible enough to perform the classification task, and suggests Fisher kernel as a means of inducing discrimination into these models for classification power. Our empirical results on standard benchmark data sets reveal that the classification performance of these generative models could be significantly boosted near to the state of the art performance, by drawing a Fisher kernel from compact generative models that computes the data labels in a fraction of total computation time. We compare the proposed technique with other distance based and kernel based classifiers to show how computationally efficient the Fisher kernels are. To the best of our knowledge, Fisher kernel has not been drawn from the RBM before, so the work presented in the thesis is novel in terms of its idea and application to vision problem
Studies on Indian species of the genus Aeliomorpha Stal (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
No full textDie Gattung Aeliomorpha wird in zwei Untergattungen eingeteilt: Aeliomorpha S. Str. und Distantietta Subgen. n. Eine Bestimmungstabelle der indischen Arten der Gattung Aeliomorpha Stal wird ebenfalls mitgeteilt. Zwei neue Arten, A. (A.) coimbatorensis sp. n. und A. (D.) viridis sp. n., werden beschrieben und mit Illustrationen dargestellt.Nomenklatorische HandlungenDistantietta Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha), sgen. n.coimbatorensis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Aeliomorpha)), spec. n.viridis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Distantiella)), spec. n.The genus Aeliomorpha is divided into two subgenera: Aeliomorpha S. Str. and Distantietta Subgen. n. A key to Indian species of the genus Aeliomorpha Stal is also provided. Two new species A. (A.) coimbatorensis sp. n. and A. (D.) viridis sp. n. are described and illustrated.Nomenclatural ActsDistantietta Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha), sgen. n.coimbatorensis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Aeliomorpha)), spec. n.viridis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Distantiella)), spec. n
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
POLIESTERAMIDI ALIFATICHE CONTENENTI BLOCCHI DI POLIDIMETILSILOSSANO SINTETIZZATE PER VIA ENZIMATICA
No full textPolyesteramides containing polydimethylsiloxane blocks are successfully synthesized in bulk at 70 C via a biocatalytic route starting from diethyladipate, 1,8-octanediol and ,-diaminopropyl-polydimethylsiloxane as monomers. The amide/ester ratio of the copolymers with different composition is calculated by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, and it is in agreement with the molar feed ratio of monomers. The relative amount of amide and ester units along the polymer chain strongly affects the physical aspect of the polyesteramides that change from hard solids, when rich in crystallizable ester units, to soft sticky materials when the silicon-based amide unit is the major component. The copolymers are characterized by TGA, DSC and WAXS analyses
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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