190 research outputs found
The translation of identity in the satanic verses: a love song to our mongrel selves
No full textThis thesis examines the translation of character identities within Salman Rushdie's novel, The Satanic Verses, and seeks to demonstrate how the dynamics of translating a text can be used as a model for discussing the transformations of characters within the book. Rushdie uses the term "translation" as a metaphor for the migrant experience of uprootedness that is a result of being "borne across" from one culture to another. From it, however, can be derived a metaphor for the universal experience of alienation that is a part of our shared humanity, and which describes the process of responding to a sense of "otherness" within ourselves and within a pluralistic culture. The framework which will be used to examine characters within The Satanic Verses responding to such conditions is George Steiner's translation hermeneutic outlined and discussed In his book. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. The Introduction will set the context for the use of the term "translation”. Chapter One will discuss Steiner's position within translation theory and Rushdie's affinity to it as well as explain the basic translation model. Chapters Two through Five will look closely at Rushdie's text, analyzing the two protagonists, Gibreel and Saladin, as they undergo, or fail to undergo, the translation process. Finally, the conclusion will suggest that the Rushdie affair engendered by this novel is, ironically, a linguistic debate provoked by a text that urges its readers to be translated. By making its readers acutely aware of what is "other" to them, the The Satanic Verses proposes and attempts to answer a single, profoundly religious, question: "How are we to live in the world?
Representations of migrant and nation in selected works of Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie
No full textThis thesis explores the representations of, and the relationship between. the migrant and the nation in selected works of the Bombay-born novelists Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie. I explore each writer's engagement with contemporary debates surrounding the material, political, social and imaginative consequences of the crisis in secularism in India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and consider how this engagement is informed by their
migrant positions beyond India's borders. A primary concern is the way in which Mistry's and Rushdie's representations of the nation, and of migrant and diasporic subjects, intersects with the representation of Bombay in their work.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters concentrate on Mistry's fiction, the remaining three on Rushdie's work. Published between 1988 and 2002, the central novels examined are situated within debates regarding the founding principles of the Indian nation, and notions of Indianness, the rise of communalism in general and Hindu nationalism in particular, and the renaming of Bombay as Mumbai. My readings foreground the necessity of a
close understanding of the historical and political transformations taking place within Bombay and India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, but also during the 1950s and 1960s. I argue that Mistry's and Rushdie's work is informed by a deepening anxiety over these socio-political transformations, and over how reconfigurations of Indianness increasingly position minority communities, and migrant and diasporic subjects, outside of definitions of national identity.
This anxiety extends into the negotiation of their own migrant positions. My reading of the differing representations of the migrant in Mistry's and Rushdie's work engages with ideas of accountability, political responsibility, and with notions of cosmopolitanism. In doing so, I question familiar assumptions regarding the migrant condition as one of predominantly empowering political agency. I argue that, while both authors emphasise the importance of the migrant sustaining a critical engagement with India's politics, they also foreground the anxious difficulties of doing so. This difficulty informs Mistry's and Rushdie's divergent negotiation of their own position as migrant writers, and I examine how their fiction is marked by an anxiety over the adequacy of writing as a mode of political engagement with the crisis in secularism and the parochialisation of Bombay, and as a means of negotiating the politics of migrancy
PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN\u27S REFORM POLICY FOR WOMEN\u27S RIGHTS FREEDOM IN SAUDI ARABIA 2017-2022
No full textThe freedom of Saudi women is inseparable from the role of Prince Muhammad Bin Salman as the crown prince of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the freedom of Saudi women is one form of manifestation of social reform that has been planned since the reign of King Abdullah which was then realized during the leadership of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud through the Arab Vision 2030 initiated by Prince Muhammad Bin Salman. Arab Vision 2030 has succeeded in realizing the demands of Saudi women regarding gender equality, where this equality has been seen with the existence of women who have been allowed to drive and have a personal driver\u27s license without having to ask permission from their guardians. In addition, Saudi women have also been allowed to participate and be involved in politics, are also allowed to choose jobs and build their own businesses and women are also allowed to obtain education up to college with freedom in choosing majors. In this study, the author uses conceptual theories, namely political system theory and legitimacy needs, where this theory will explain the objectives of the study. For the method used, namely the explanatory method with a qualitative research type
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Bullying in Islamic Education Perspective of Alquran Hadith
No full textThe rise of bullying cases in the world of education encourages the author to analyze the case through the perspective of the Quran Hadith. The purpose of this study is none other than to find out how true bullying is according to the Quran Hadith and how the solution is. The author in this study uses Fazlur Rohman's Doable Movement Theory, the theory has two ways of working, namely First Movement (First Movement), and Seccond Movement (Second Movement), the theory is used to analyze how to solve contemporary era problems by looking at classical era problems. The results of this study include: 1) There are several types of bullying perspective of the Quran Hadith, including: making fun (suhriyah), denouncing (lams), calling bad (tanabuz), berating (shatam), slander (qodaf), persecute (dhorob), and kill (shafak). 2) The solution of the Quran Hadith in response to bullying in Islamic Education is to increase understanding of the Alquran and Hadith in the teaching-learning process, and also to emulate the attitude of the Prophet Muhammad Saw when faced with problems with others, which include his attitude, namely: advising, caring, musawah, forgiving, praying, not retaliating, silence, not grudges, aware of losses in the world and the hereafter. With this conclusion, this research is expected so that educators (Agents Of Change) always educate their students about how bad bullying is for themselves and for others. This education can be done through the approach of the Alquran and Hadith
ISLAMIC COUNSELING AND COUNSELING WITH COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO PREVENT ANXIETY (MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS) A STUDENT AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL OF SALMAN AL-FARISI KARANGANYAR SOLO
No full textThis study aims to discuss how the implementation of Islamic Guidance and Counseling with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in preventing mental health problems of a student at the Salman Al-Farisi Islamic Boarding School Karanganyar Solo? (2) What are the results of students after undergoing the process of Islamic Guidance and Counseling with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in preventing mental health problems of a student at Islamic Boarding School Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive analysis. In analyzing Islamic Guidance and Counseling with Cognitive Behavior Therapy in preventing mental health problems of a student at Islamic Boarding School Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo, the data presented in this chapter are data presentation in the form of interviews and observations. In this study, it was concluded that mental health problems (anxiety) experienced by a student greatly affected the client's mental and physical condition. From the counselor's observation before carrying out the counseling process, the problem experienced by a student was that he often experienced depression and anxiety that he had experienced. In handling this case, the counselor uses cognitive behavioral therapy, the counseling process uses interviews (face to face with clients) by directing how to think positively and behave well. By changing the client's attitude or behavior. The end result of this counseling process can be seen from a change in the client's attitude or the client's behavior that is not good enough to get better
Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam Dengan Cognitive Behavior Theraphy Untuk Mencegah Anxiety (Masalah Kesehatan Mental) Seorang Siswa Di Pondok Pesantren Islam Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas Bagaimana pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) dalam mencegah masalah kesehatan mental seorang siswa di Pondok Pesantren Islam Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo? (2) Bagaimana hasil dari siswa setelah menjalani proses Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) dalam mencegah masalah kesehatan mental seorang siswa di Pondok Pesantren Islam Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Dalam menganalisis Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam ini dengan Cognitive Behavior Therapy dalam mencegah masalah kesehatan mental seorang siswa di Pondok Pesantren Islam Salman Al-Farisi Karanganyar Solo, data yang disajikan dalam bab ini penyajian data berupa hasil wawancara dan observasi. Pada penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa masalah kesehatan mental (anxiety) yang dialami seorang siswa adalah sangat mempengaruhi kondisi kejiwaan dan fisik klien, dari pengamatan konselor sebelum melakukan proses konseling, masalah yang dialami seorang siswa tersebut adalah sering mengalami depresi dan kecemasan yang telah dialaminya. Dalam menangani masalah kasus ini konselor menggunakan Cognitive behavioral therapy, proses konseling menggunakan wawancara (tatap muka dengan klien) dengan mengarahkan bagaimana berfikir yang positif dan berperilaku yang baik. Dengan merubah sikap atau perilaku klien. Hasil akhir dari proses konseling ini dapat dilihat dari adanya perubahan sikap klien atau perilaku klien yang kurang baik sehingga menjadi lebih baik
A critical analysis of Mudarabah & a new approach to equity financing in Islamic finance
No full textFinancial intermediation serves a valuable purpose, but it can also be structured using equity modes of financing. This can relieve the financee and increase diversity of entrepreneurial undertakings as in debt based commercial financing, there is little room for diversity with obligatory and stipulated servicing of debt. Using Islamic equity modes of financing poses the challenge of the agency problem and moral hazard. The extent of this agency problem in Mudarabah and its impact on economic payoffs between counterparties is analyzed in this study with a simulation model. Based on review of alternate solutions proposed, the author presents two possible covenants which could make Mudarabah mode of financing more acceptable and widely usable in financial intermediation. This would also further the egalitarian objectives of an Islamic economic order.Interest free economy, Islamic Economic System, Mudarabah, Agency Problem, Moral Hazard, Adverse Selection
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