90 research outputs found
Race, racism, and epidemiological surveys
No full textMany studies of dinical popula-tions have reported significant d:f ferences between whites and blacks inprevalence rates of mental disor-diet’s. However, data from the Epi-demiologic Catchment Area study indicate only modest differences. The author describesfactors in the treatment experiences ofblack and white patients that may lead re-searchers to find questionable dis-parities in prevalence rates. These factors indude racial differences in treatment-seeking behavior, likeli-hotxl of involuntary commitment, representation in research sampks, presentation of psychiatric symp-toms and resulting diagnoses, and accuracy of psychological tests as well as disparities in treatment. The author suggests guidelines for improving research methods and designs, including documenting the ethnic composition of samples and using structureddiagnostic as-sessments, so that unintended in-equalities can be identified, ad-dressed, and monitored and the ac-curacy of prevalence data among blacks can be improved. The Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) survey, which examined the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population (1), has provided Dr. Adebimpe is director of th
Analyse de connectivité EEG régime reposant dans l'épilepsie bénigne de l'enfance et des nouveau-nés
No full textLe travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse a porté sur l'étude de la connectivité cérébrale fonctionnelle des réseaux épileptiques chez des enfants présentant des épilepsies avec pointes centro temporales (EPCT), et sur l'organisation fonctionnelle des réseaux de repos chez des nouveaux-nés sains et des prématurés. Les patients épileptiques présentent une désorganisation fonctionnelle cérébrale qui participe à une altération des réseaux de repos selon la gamme de fréquence des activités cérébrales. Cette désorganisation fonctionnelle bien que plus importante durant les périodes de pointes épileptiques intercritiques est aussi observée dans les périodes sans pointes intercritiques. Les régions impliquées dans la genèse et la propagation des pointes intercritiques englobent la région centrale (zone épileptiques), la région rolandique et l'aire prémotrice. Chez le nouveau-né et le prématuré la connectivité fonctionnelle est majeure dans les régions frontales et postérieures. Les activités endogènes thêta temporales du prématuré présentent une connectivité restreinte aux seules régions temporales. Chez le nouveau-né à terme l'organisation fonctionnelle est similaire avec une forte connectivité dans les régions frontales temporales et postérieures dans le sommeil calme et le sommeil agitéThe thesis investigated the functional connectivity in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike and functional brain network organization in preterm and full-term neonates. The patients with the epilepsy had functional brain disruption and the alterations of resting state functional connectivity is frequency dependent in comparison to the healthy controls. The epileptic brain network is disrupted in the presence and absence of interictal epileptic discharges. The regions involved in the generation and propagation of epilepsy were identified including epileptic zone (central region), rolandic region and the supplementary motor areas. In the neonates, preterm neonates were characterized with the high functional connectivity at the frontal and posterior regions. The presence of endogenous activity in preterm such as theta temporal activity revealed high functional connectivity at the temporal region. Similar functional brain network organization was observed in full-term neonates with the high functional activity at the frontal, temporal and posterior regions in both active and quite sleep period
Analyse de connectivité EEG régime reposant dans l'épilepsie bénigne de l'enfance et des nouveau-nés
No full textThe thesis investigated the functional connectivity in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike and functional brain network organization in preterm and full-term neonates. The patients with the epilepsy had functional brain disruption and the alterations of resting state functional connectivity is frequency dependent in comparison to the healthy controls. The epileptic brain network is disrupted in the presence and absence of interictal epileptic discharges. The regions involved in the generation and propagation of epilepsy were identified including epileptic zone (central region), rolandic region and the supplementary motor areas. In the neonates, preterm neonates were characterized with the high functional connectivity at the frontal and posterior regions. The presence of endogenous activity in preterm such as theta temporal activity revealed high functional connectivity at the temporal region. Similar functional brain network organization was observed in full-term neonates with the high functional activity at the frontal, temporal and posterior regions in both active and quite sleep periodsLe travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse a porté sur l'étude de la connectivité cérébrale fonctionnelle des réseaux épileptiques chez des enfants présentant des épilepsies avec pointes centro temporales (EPCT), et sur l'organisation fonctionnelle des réseaux de repos chez des nouveaux-nés sains et des prématurés. Les patients épileptiques présentent une désorganisation fonctionnelle cérébrale qui participe à une altération des réseaux de repos selon la gamme de fréquence des activités cérébrales. Cette désorganisation fonctionnelle bien que plus importante durant les périodes de pointes épileptiques intercritiques est aussi observée dans les périodes sans pointes intercritiques. Les régions impliquées dans la genèse et la propagation des pointes intercritiques englobent la région centrale (zone épileptiques), la région rolandique et l'aire prémotrice. Chez le nouveau-né et le prématuré la connectivité fonctionnelle est majeure dans les régions frontales et postérieures. Les activités endogènes thêta temporales du prématuré présentent une connectivité restreinte aux seules régions temporales. Chez le nouveau-né à terme l'organisation fonctionnelle est similaire avec une forte connectivité dans les régions frontales temporales et postérieures dans le sommeil calme et le sommeil agit
PennLINC/xcp_abcd: nibabiestest
No full textNIBABIES TEST
[x] MNI152NLin6Asym template for nibabies #156
[x] update executive summary and report #69 #115 #157 #151
[x] anatomical workflow added including freesurfer/freesurfer*
[x] outputs for cifti and nift
Identifying neural drivers of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
No full textEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. Benign childhood epilepsy, which affect children under the age of 12years, has been reported to contribute to the cognitive impairment of these children, even in the absence of structural abnormalities. Functional connectivity models have been applied to provide a deeper understanding of the processes that control and regulate interictal activity of benign childhood epilepsy. These studies have shown regions of increased connectivity and activity, particularly at the epileptic zone, which is usually the central region around the sensorimotor cortex, and in the immediate regions surrounding the zone and reduced activity in distant regions, such as the frontal lobe and temporal regions. The present study was designed to identify the neural drivers involved in the initiation and propagation of epileptic activity and the causal relationships between brain regions with increased and decreased connectivity and functional activity. We used three different models to identify neural drivers and casual connectivity with dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of EEG data. All models showed that the central region, the source of the epileptic activity, is the major driver of the brain network during interictal discharges. Other regions include the temporoparietal junction and temporal pole. The central region also had influence on the frontal and contralateral hemisphere, which might explain the cognitive deficits observed in these patients. Keywords: Benign childhood epilepsy, EEG, Dynamic causal modelling, Interictal activit
Preterm Modulation of Connectivity by Endogenous Generators: The Theta Temporal Activities in Coalescence with Slow Waves
No full textInternational audienceThe neuronal activity of the preterm brain is characterized by various endogenous activities whose roles in neurodevelopmental maturation processes have not been fully elucidated. The preterm EEG is characterized by discontinuities composed of short bursts of activity with dominant low frequencies. One of the earliest endogenous activities is the theta temporal activity in coalescence with slow waves (TTA-SW), which appears at 24 to 32 weeks of gestational age (wGA). The present study investigated the influence of TTA-SW on the spatial organization of the early preterm brain network. To achieve this objective, High-Density EEG data were recorded from preterm infants (29-32 wGA) and functional connectivity (FC) was estimated from the scalp EEG. TTA-SW, particularly in the theta band, induced increased FC between left temporal and left frontal areas and between left temporal and parietal areas with TTA-SW at the left temporal region, while FC was limited to the right temporal regions in the case of TTA-SW at the right temporal region. Regardless of the lateralization of TTA-SW, long-range FCs were observed between left frontal to left parietal areas, suggesting that these regions, together with the temporal region, provide a basis for coherent neuronal activation across distal cortical regions. TTA-SW dynamic features showed that brief phases of TTA-SW had an impact on both local and whole brain network organization, supporting the importance of TTA-SW as a biomarker of brain development
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