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Cadeia de custódia, procedimentos, protocolos, investigação e inquérito
No full textMaria Eduarda Azambuja Amara
Prova Pericial no Processo Penal: a compreensão e a mitigação dos erros forenses como mecanismo de respeito ao contraditório, à ampla defesa e ao direito à prova lícita
No full textForensic science contributes to criminal science by using scientific methods, which allow for greater controllability in producing evidence, seeking to reduce the subjectivism inherent in other types of proof. In this scenario, we aim to answer the question: how can the comprehension and mitigation of forensic errors contribute to ensuring the rights of the adversarial principle, the entire defense, and legal evidence? The working hypothesis is that knowledge about forensic errors is indispensable for the high quality of expert evidence, resulting in a more coherent, evidential assessment that is more focused on the facts to reduce arbitrariness and judicial errors. To this end, the hypothetical-deductive method was used, with the technique of bibliographic review and reference to jurisprudence. In conclusion, it was possible to show that the scientific community should reflect, discuss and value more rigor in forensic science, prioritizing a clear communication of results to harmonize science, justice, and society.A ciência forense auxilia a compreensão da dinâmica fática a partir do emprego de métodos, que possibilitam uma maior controlabilidade à produção da prova, buscando reduzir o subjetivismo inerente a outros meios de prova. Neste cenário, o que se busca responder é: como a compreensão e a mitigação dos erros forenses pode auxiliar na garantia dos direitos ao contraditório, à ampla defesa e à prova lícita? Como hipótese de trabalho tem-se que o conhecimento sobre os erros forenses é indispensável para a produção de uma prova pericial de maior qualidade, que leve ao julgador um conhecimento especializado de maior confiança, resultando em uma valoração probatória mais coerente e direcionada aos fatos, buscando reduzir o arbítrio e os erros judiciais. Para isso, utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, com o emprego da técnica de revisão bibliográfica e consulta à jurisprudência. Foi possível demonstrar, ao final, que a comunidade científica deve refletir, discutir e prezar por mais rigor na ciência forense, priorizando uma comunicação clara dos resultados, de modo a integrar ciência, justiça e sociedade de maneira harmônica
Prova Pericial no Processo Penal: a compreensão e a mitigação dos erros forenses como mecanismo de respeito ao contraditório, à ampla defesa e ao direito à prova lícita
Get PDFForensic science contributes to criminal science by using scientific methods, which allow for greater controllability in producing evidence, seeking to reduce the subjectivism inherent in other types of proof. In this scenario, we aim to answer the question: how can the comprehension and mitigation of forensic errors contribute to ensuring the rights of the adversarial principle, the entire defense, and legal evidence? The working hypothesis is that knowledge about forensic errors is indispensable for the high quality of expert evidence, resulting in a more coherent, evidential assessment that is more focused on the facts to reduce arbitrariness and judicial errors. To this end, the hypothetical-deductive method was used, with the technique of bibliographic review and reference to jurisprudence. In conclusion, it was possible to show that the scientific community should reflect, discuss and value more rigor in forensic science, prioritizing a clear communication of results to harmonize science, justice, and society.A ciência forense auxilia a compreensão da dinâmica fática a partir do emprego de métodos, que possibilitam uma maior controlabilidade à produção da prova, buscando reduzir o subjetivismo inerente a outros meios de prova. Neste cenário, o que se busca responder é: como a compreensão e a mitigação dos erros forenses pode auxiliar na garantia dos direitos ao contraditório, à ampla defesa e à prova lícita? Como hipótese de trabalho tem-se que o conhecimento sobre os erros forenses é indispensável para a produção de uma prova pericial de maior qualidade, que leve ao julgador um conhecimento especializado de maior confiança, resultando em uma valoração probatória mais coerente e direcionada aos fatos, buscando reduzir o arbítrio e os erros judiciais. Para isso, utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, com o emprego da técnica de revisão bibliográfica e consulta à jurisprudência. Foi possível demonstrar, ao final, que a comunidade científica deve refletir, discutir e prezar por mais rigor na ciência forense, priorizando uma comunicação clara dos resultados, de modo a integrar ciência, justiça e sociedade de maneira harmônica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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