279 research outputs found
Ciência e racionalidade em Thomas Kuhn
No full textThe work aims to explore the impact that Thomas Kuhn‟s philosophical work had on
the philosophy of science, especially on the common idea of scientific rationality. Besides
this, it aims to make clear the position of the author about his understanding of what is to be
rational in science. In order to achieve this goal we start giving a panoramic view of the
philosophical scientific scene of the first half os the twentieth century, to evince the main
character of the concept of rationality more accepted at Kuhn‟s time. In a second moment we
show how the ideas of this author contrast with that concept, which gives rise to a series of
criticisms of irrationalism. Lastly, we show how Kuhn circumvents these accusations by
pointing to a new rationality concept, through which we can conciliate his philosophy with a
description of the rational development of scienceO trabalho pretende explorar o impacto que a obra filosófica de Thomas Kuhn teve
sobre a filosofia da ciência, em especial sobre a ideia comum de racionalidade científica. Ao
lado disso, pretende esclarecer a posição do autor no que diz respeito ao seu entendimento do
que seja racionalidade em ciência. Para alcançar esse objetivo iniciamos dando um panorama
da cena filosófico-científica da primeira metade do século vinte, a fim de evidenciar o
conceito de racionalidade comum na época de Kuhn. Num segundo momento mostramos
como as ideias desse autor contrastam com aquele conceito, o que dá vazão para uma série de
críticas de irracionalismo. Por fim, mostramos como Kuhn contorna essas acusações ao
apontar para um novo conceito de racionalidade, conceito graças ao qual podemos conciliar
sua filosofia com uma descrição do desenvolvimento racional da ciênci
Imagens de Otto Maria Carpeaux: esboço de biografia
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2015.Este esboço de biografia procura citar algumas imagens de Otto Maria Carpeaux: construções biográficas de naturezas múltiplas, elaboradas em contextos, por atores e sob condições igualmente díspares. Está constituído a partir de uma visão crítica da História, o que permite que ?outras imagens?, fragmentárias e não monumentais, também tenham espaço. Em diálogo com o princípio da montagem, este esboço apresenta-se em duas partes. Na primeira, Imagens possíveis, estão citadas as imagens elaboradas em vida e post mortem acerca do austríaco-brasileiro que nasceu em Viena em 1900, se exilou no Brasil em 1939 e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1978. Na segunda, Montagens possíveis, apresentam-se duas possibilidades de exercício biográfico: pela leitura alegórica do documentário O velho e o Novo (Otto Maria Carpeaux), entendido como instrumento de intervenção no contexto ditatorial brasileiro e de uma reelaboração biográfica concernentes às suas experiências europeias; e pelo Caderno de imagens críticas, registro dos encontros em Carpeaux pelo meio de imagens críticas produzidas a partir da cesura do presente.Abstract : This biographical sketch attempts to quote some images of Otto Maria Carpeaux: various types of biographical constructions, carried out in different contexts by disparate authors under conditions just as distinct. It stems from a critical view of history, allowing for ?other images? fragmented and non-monumental ? to share the space.In dialogue with the montage principle, this sketch has two parts. The first, Possible Images, quotes the images produced during and after the life of the Austrian-Brazilian, who was born in Vienna in 1900, went to Brazil in exile in 1939 and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1978. The second part, Possible Montages, presents two possibilities of a biographical exercise: through the allegorical reading of documentary O Velho e o Novo (Otto Maria Carpeaux), understood as an instrument of intervention in the Brazilian dictatorship context and as a biographical retelling of the author?s European experiences; and through my Scrapbook of Critical Images, a record of the encounters in Carpeaux through critical images produced from the caesura of the present
The radical thought of Thomas Paine (1793-1797): author and outcome of the French Revolution
No full textEsta tese examina três escritos de Thomas Paine (1737-1809) elaborados durante a Revolução Francesa, os quais representam as reflexões mais radicais de seu pensamento religioso, político e social. Em primeiro lugar, será analisado o panfleto The Age of Reason, expressão máxima de seu radicalismo religioso, que teve sua primeira parte escrita em 1793 e a segunda em 1794. Contrapondo-se, por um lado, às religiões reveladas e, por outro lado, à descristianização do período jacobino, nesse texto o deísmo é apresentado como a face religiosa da democracia vindoura. Em segundo lugar, será analisado o texto Dissertation on the First Principles of Government, redigido e publicado em 1795, a mais acabada exposição da teoria democrática. A um só tempo contrário ao liberalismo termidoriano e crítico do que fora o jacobinismo, nesse texto Paine opõe-se categoricamente àqueles que pensavam a propriedade privada como um direito natural que poderia ser equivalente ou mesmo superior aos direitos naturais de liberdade e a igualdade. Por fim, será analisado o texto Agrarian Justice, expressão máxima de seu radicalismo social, produzido no inverno de 1795-1796 (publicado em 1797). Em reação tanto ao liberalismo irredutível dos termidorianos, quanto às propostas igualitaristas de Graco Babeuf, o texto apresenta-se como uma proposta de erradicação da pobreza sem romper com os princípios do que seria política liberal. Pretende-se captar o sentido do pensamento de Paine no contexto da Revolução Francesa e discutir a validadade da afirmação de Eric Hobsbawm na Era das Revoluções, segundo a qual Paine, radical nos Estados Unidos, seria um moderado girondino na França. Na contramão da maioria das interpretações correntes, a pesquisa objetiva repensar a figura de Paine, mostrando sua relevância como intérprete da Revolução Francesa e como nome fundamental para a história do pensamento político, religioso e social.This thesis examines three writings of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) elaborated during the French Revolution, which represents the most radical reflections of his religious, political and social thought. In the first place, the pamphlet The Age of Reason will be analyzed, that contains the maximum expression of his religious radicalism, which have had its first part written in 1793 and the second in 1794. Contradicting, on the one hand, to the revealed religions, and, on the other hand, to the dechristianization of the Jacobin period, in this text, deism is presented as the religious face of the coming democracy. Secondly, the text Dissertation on the First Principles of Government will be analyzed, the most complete exposition of his democratic theory, drafted and published in 1795. Contrary to Thermidorian and critical of what Jacobinism was, in this text Paine categorically opposes those who thought private property as a natural right that could be equivalent or even superior to the natural rights of freedom and equality. Finally, the text Agrarian Justice will be analyzed, the maximum expression of its social radicalism, produced in the winter of 1795-1796 (published in 1797). In reaction to both the irreducible liberalism of the Thermidorians and the egalitarian proposals of Graco Babeuf, the text presents itself as a proposal to eradicate poverty without breaking with the principles of what would be liberal politics. This analysis seeks to capture the meaning of Paine\'s thinking in the context of the French Revolution and to discuss the validity of Eric Hobsbawm\'s statement in the Age of Revolutions that Paine, radical in the United States, would be a \"moderate Girondist\" in France. Contrary to current interpretations, this research aims to rethink the figure of Paine, showing his relevance as an interpreter of the French Revolution and as a fundamental name for the history of political, religious and social thought
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A Study of the Systematic Use of Themes and Motives
No full textAntonio Carlos Gomes (1836-1896) is considered one of the most important Brazilian composers and was the first New World composer whose work was accepted in Europe. His opera Fosca, though, was never discussed in depth and should be recognized as an important work in the history of the nineteenth century Italian opera for its skillful use of themes and motives. The Brazilian composer and musicologist Mario de Andrade presented a study of the principal themes in 1936, in commemoration of the centennial of Carlos Gomes' birth, but there is no record of a thorough study that shows the magnitude of Carlos Gomes' application of his motivic and thematic technique in this work.In this document, the author identifies the principal themes and motives, and demonstrates how the composer systematically used them to enhance the drama and lend coherence to the work as a whole. Gomes, in Fosca, used the technique to such extent that every major character in the opera has a minimum of one theme related to him or her. The leading role Fosca has many themes to represent her different feelings throughout the opera. There are also themes representing specific feelings between two people, and themes related to the chorus as well. Gomes uses his themes to contribute to the drama as active psychological elements and not simply as ornamentation.The recurring themes in Fosca are easily heard and recognized, but this does not mean that Gomes used them in a rudimentary or merely mechanical manner. Gomes' simplicity proves to be a useful tool in ensuring musical and dramatic continuity, offering us an idea of his broader goal as a musical dramatist
Framework para escalonamento distribuído de processos utilizando sistema multiagentes em sistemas de produção
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Florianópolis, 2009O estudo de técnicas de escalonamento de processos remete à criação dos primeiros sistemas operacionais (SO), com os algoritmos escalonadores de processos com e sem preempção. Porém a utilização de escalonadores de processo atinge outras áreas além dos SO, afeta todos os problemas onde há um conjunto de tarefas a serem executadas e um conjunto de unidades executantes. O tempo de execução final das tarefas é diretamente afetado pela seqüência de execução adotada, como é o caso dos sistemas de produção, que necessitam de informação em tempo real, para a execução de tarefas ou para o diagnóstico de problemas, com o objetivo da rápida tomada de decisão. Desse modo é necessário precisão e agilidade no processamento, nas mudanças de prioridades, e principalmente, eficiência no gerenciamento da informação. Este trabalho propõe um framework para escalonamento distribuído de processos, utilizando a teoria de agentes e a técnica heurística de busca, Algoritmos Genéticos (AG). Na modelagem do framework e aplicação foi utilizado a metodologia MaSE (Multi-agent System Engineering), que especifica etapas para análise e projeto de sistemas multiagentes. O desenvolvimento do framework e aplicação foi integrado à plataforma JADE (Java Agent Development Framework), utilizando as ontologias desenvolvidas no editor Protégé. A fim de validar o framework, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso utilizando o framework HIPS (Hybrid Intelligent Process Scheduler) e os resultados e limitações obtidos com esse estudo de caso, comparados a outro escalonamento de processos.The study of techniques for processes schedulers is linked to the creation of the first operational systems (OS), with the process schedulers algorithms with and without preemption. However, the use of processes schedulers reaches other areas besides OS. It affects all the problems where there is a set of tasks to be executed and a set of executing units. The tasks final execution time is directly affected by the execution sequence that is adopted, as in the case of production systems, which need information in real time, for the execution of tasks or for the diagnosis of problems aiming fast decision making. Thus, precision and agility in processing, in changing priorities and mainly, efficiency in managing the information are needed. This work proposes a framework for processes distributed scheduler, using the agents theory and the Genetic Algorithms (GA) heuristic search technique. In the framework modeling and application the MaSE (Multi-agent System Engineering) was used, which specifies stages for analyses and project of multi agents systems. The framework development and application were integrated to a JADE (Java Agent Development Framework), using the ontology developed in the Protégé editor. For the framework validation, the study of a case was developed using the HIPS (Hybrid Intelligent Process Scheduler) framework and the results and limitations obtained in this study were compared to another process scheduler
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
Effect of boron doping on the wear behavior of the growth and nucleation surfaces of micro- and nanocrystalline diamond films
No full textB-doped diamond has become the ultimate material for applications in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which require both highly wear resistant and electrically conductive diamond films and microstructures. Despite the extensive research of the tribological properties of undoped diamond, to date there is very limited knowledge of the wear properties of highly B-doped diamond. Therefore, in this work a comprehensive investigation of the wear behavior of highly B-doped diamond is presented. Reciprocating sliding tests are performed on micro- and nanocrystalline diamond (MCD, NCD) films with varying B-doping levels and thicknesses. We demonstrate a linear dependency of the wear rate of the different diamond films with the B-doping level. Specifically, the wear rate increases by a factor of 3 between NCD films with 0.6 and 2.8 at. % B-doping levels. This increase in the wear rate can be linked to a 50% decrease in both hardness and elastic modulus of the highly B-doped NCD films, as determined by nanoindentation measurements. Moreover, we show that fine-grained diamond films are more prone to wear. Particularly, NCD films with a 3× smaller grain size but similar B-doping levels exhibit a double wear rate, indicating the crucial role of the grain size on the diamond film wear behavior. On the other hand, MCD films are the most wear-resistant films due to their larger grains and lower B-doping levels. We propose a graphical scheme of the wear behavior which involves planarization and mechanochemically driven amorphization of the surface to describe the wear mechanism of B-doped diamond films. Finally, the wear behavior of the nucleation surface of NCD films is investigated for the first time. In particular, the nucleation surface is shown to be susceptible to higher wear compared to the growth surface due to its higher grain boundary line density
Outremização e revide de colonizado e colonizador em The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee (1974), de J. M. Coetzee
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Thomas BonniciDissertação (mestrado em Letras) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2007Resumo: Analisa-se a segunda novela de Dusklands (1974), do sul-africano J. M. Coetzee, intitulada The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee, à luz da teoria pós-colonial, com enfoque nas teorias da outremização e do revide. A novela narra, em três versões, a expedição do colonizador holandês Jacobus Coetzee às desconhecidas terras do interior da África do Sul, no século XVIII. A análise das diferenças entre as três versões sobre os mesmos fatos revela que cada um escreve impregnado por diferentes ideologias, imputando, assim, subjetividade e, conseqüentemente, ficcionalidade aos eventos históricos narrados. A teoria da outremização revela as estratégias utilizadas para outremizar os sujeitos coloniais, o uso de estereótipos degradantes para subjugá-los e justificar a usurpação das terras. A teoria do revide revela o modo como os sujeitos coloniais revidam, através da mímica, da paródia, da cortesia dissimulada, sem violência, em oposição à maneira como o europeu vinga-se ao ser descentralizado, utilizando meios violentos para reassumir a posição de sujeito perdida em favor dos sujeitos coloniais. Conclui-se que os sujeitos coloniais eram autônomos antes da chegada do europeu, que os objetifica, que modifica drasticamente a realidade local. Nota-se também que para o colonizador, a própria descentralização é inaceitável, por isso ele revida violentamente ao perder a posição de sujeito. O desastre permeia todos os encontros coloniaisAbstract: An analysis of the second part of Dusklands (1974), by South African author J.M. Coetzee, called The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee, is provided by post-colonial theory, focusing on the theory of alterity and intervention. In its three versions the novella narrates the fictional expedition of Jacobus Coetzee, a Dutch farmer and explorer, to the unknown hinterland of 18th century South Africa. An analysis of the three versions on the same event reveals that each one has been written from different ideologies underpinning subjectivity and ficcionality in the narrated historical events. The alterity theory reveals the strategies used to other the colonized subjects and the degrading stereotypes employed to subject the colonized and usurp their land. The intervention theory reveals the manner the colonial subjects react through mimicry, parody and sly civility, albeit without violence, against the European colonizer. So that he may reinstate himself in the position of subject, the latter’s reaction on being decentralized is always limited to violence and vengeance. Results show that the colonial subjects were indeed autonomous before the arrival of Europeans who objectified them and drastically changed their lives and their environment. Moreover, the violence used by the colonizers shows their radical refusal of decentralization and the loss of their subject status. Colonial encounters always smack of tragedy192 f,
Adaptive Variational Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution Approach for Ground State Preparation
No full textAn adaptive variational quantum imaginary time evolution (AVQITE) approach is introduced that yields efficient representations of ground states for interacting Hamiltonians on near-term quantum computers. It is based on McLachlan's variational principle applied to imaginary time evolution of variational wave functions. The variational parameters evolve deterministically according to equations of motions that minimize the difference to the exact imaginary time evolution, which is quantified by the McLachlan distance. Rather than working with a fixed variational ansatz, where the McLachlan distance is constrained by the quality of the ansatz, the AVQITE method iteratively expands the ansatz along the dynamical path to keep the McLachlan distance below a chosen threshold. This ensures the state is able to follow the quantum imaginary time evolution path in the system Hilbert space rather than in a restricted variational manifold set by a predefined fixed ansatz. AVQITE is used to prepare ground states of H4, H2O, and BeH2 molecules, where it yields compact variational ansätze and ground state energies within chemical accuracy. Polynomial scaling of circuit depth with system size is shown through a set of AVQITE calculations of quantum spin models. Finally, quantum Lanczos calculations are demonstrated alongside AVQITE without additional quantum resource costs.This is the published version of the following article: Gomes, Niladri, Anirban Mukherjee, Feng Zhang, Thomas Iadecola, Cai‐Zhuang Wang, Kai‐Ming Ho, Peter P. Orth, and Yong‐Xin Yao. "Adaptive variational quantum imaginary time evolution approach for ground state preparation." Advanced Quantum Technologies 4, no. 12 (2021): 2100114.
DOI: 10.1002/qute.202100114.
Copyright 2021 The Author(s).
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
DOE Contract Number(s): AC02‐07CH11358.
Posted with permission
Women Photographers within Portuguese Colonial Africa
No full textDr. Inês Vieira Gomes, PhD, Collaborating Researcher at the Institute of Contemporary History, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Lisbon, Portugal
Women Photographers within Portuguese Colonial Africa
I will focus on the production of some women photographers during colonial / liberation wars in the former Portuguese African colonies: Angola (1961); Guinea-Bissau (1963) and Mozambique (1964). The thirteen-year war (1961-1974) became the last and longest colonial war waged by a European country and one of the main reasons of the Carnation Revolution. The revolution in Portugal, which became known military coup on 25 April of 1974, was led by a group of military officers who fought in Africa and opposed the dictatorship Estado Novo [New State regime] putting an end to the authoritarian regime that lasted forty-eight years.
The liberation movements attracted the interest of many intellectuals and journalists, namely women. I will select 3 case studies: The Italian Bruna Polimeni (1934) was in Guinea-Bissau between 1965 and 1973, and was the “official” photographer of Amílcar Cabral being the only Italian photographer to attend the unilateral independence proclamation of Guinea Bissau on September 24, 1973; The Italian photographer Augusta Conchiglia (1948) with her partner Stefano de Stefani (1929) from the Italian National Public Television (RAI) went to Angola in 1968 to report the national liberation in Angola. And the American journalist Ingeborg Lippmann (1927-1988) was in Angola and Mozambique from 1974 to 1976. The interest in Angola and Mozambique in a crucial moment of their independences led Lippmann to these territories to record the social and political changes. In Mozambique she focused on Frelimo guerrillas, women that played a central role in the liberation struggle and were the symbol of the ideals of women emancipation.
These case studies were selected to illustrate a genealogy of women photographers within Portuguese colonial Africa who used photography to denounce violence and the political and social situation within the colonized territories.
Inês Vieira Gomes is a Collaborating Researcher at Institute of Contemporary History (IHC) of NOVA FCSH and holds a PhD in History from the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ICS-UL, 2022) where she defended a thesis focused on photography in Portuguese Colonial Africa between 1875 and 1940. She has been awarded with a dissertation fellowship at Harry Ransom Center (University of Austin, 2018), a fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution in the National Museum of African Art (Washington DC, 2015), and worked as a research fellow at ICS-UL (Lisbon, 2012-2013). She obtained an MFA (FCSH-UNL, 2011) and a BA (FLUL, 2007) in Art History. Among other articles, she is the author of “Women photographers in Angola and Mozambique (1909-1950): A history of an absence” (in Darren Newbury, Lorena Rizzo, and Kylie Thomas (eds.), Women and Photography in Africa, London: Routledge, 2020) and “Images from Portuguese late colonialism by the lens of women photographers” (Fotocinema, 2025)
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