1,721,429 research outputs found
Upper Aero Digestive Tract Cancer Diagnosis using Deep Learning Methods
No full textObjective: Narrow band imaging (NBI) and white light (WL) are endoscopic techniques to visualize upper aero digestive tract (UADT) cancers. However, these imaging techniques are less effective for diagnosing tumors in less competent centers since they depend on skilled medical experts. Recently, there has been evidence that deep learning (DL) has potential applications in UADT video endoscopy. This research aims to develop a DL for the automatic identification and delineation of UADT cancer.
Approach: In both WL and NBI frames, the YOLO DL model (YOLOv5s with YOLOv5m) ensemble, was used to diagnose laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Six external LSCC laryngoscopy videos were tested in real-time for cancer detection. The SegMENT is a segmentation convolution neural networks (CNN), model proposed based on a modified DeepLabV3+ model for precise UADT delineation using an in-domain transfer learning ensemble technique. Its accuracy was further validated on external datasets with NBI images of oral cavity SCC (OSCC) and oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC). The SegMENT-Plus is the improved version of SegMENT model designed for large LSCC datasets. SegMENT-Plus used EfficientNetB5 backbone as an encoder with a modified atrous spatial pyramid pooling (m-ASPP) block. The attentions blocks (SE and CBAM) were integrated into m-ASPP module to improve cancer segmentation. The m-ASPP was used to extract local and global LSCC features to overcome the limitation of conventional ASPP modules in literature. SegMENT-Plus was evaluated using a multi-center dataset from three hospitals (Genoa, Brescia, Seoul South Korea). The model was tested on LSCC frames, the delineation performance was compared with three otolaryngology experts. The unseen intraoperative laryngoscopy videos also validated for real-time performance. The SegMENT-Plus was compared with its predecessor SegMENT and other DL models (UNET, ResUNET, DeepLabv3+, DoubleUET,).
Main results: In the LSCC detection task, 219 patients from Genoa, Italy were enrolled, and were provided 624 LSCC video frames. YOLO models were trained using an 82.6% training set, an 8.2% validation set, and a 9.2% testing set. The ensemble algorithm (YOLOv5s with YOLOv5m —Test Time Augmentation) achieved top LSCC detection with 66% Precision, 62% Recall, and 63% mean Average Precision at 0.5 intersection over union (IoU). The average computation time per frame on laryngoscopy videos was 0.026 seconds. The SegMENT model for the UADT cancer delineation was developed using 219 patients (624 larynx frames), and external validation from Brescia, Italy for the OPSCC and OCSCC cohorts involved 116 and 102 NBI images, respectively. The SegMENT model achieved 0.68% IoU and 0.81% dice coefficient (DSC), outperforming other DL models. The DSC values in the OCSCC and OPSCC datasets improved significantly, with median DSC values of 10.3% and 11.9%, respectively. This study includes 557 patients with 3933 laryngeal images from Genoa, Italy to the development of SegMENT-Plus to improve LDCC delineation. The optimal performance and generalization of the algorithm were confirmed by external testing cohorts from Seoul, South Korea, and Brescia, Italy. The external cohorts showed DSC between 81.4% and 84.9% and IoU between 81.8% and 85.7%.
Significance: The study identified a suitable CNN model for LSCC detection in WL and NBI video laryngoscopes. SegMENT outperformed previous results in external validation cohorts, showing promise for precise tumor segmentation. SegMENT-Plus holds the potential for improved early tumor detection and delineation, laying the foundation for a clinical system in LSCC margin delineation
Automatic delineation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma during endoscopy
No full textWhite Light (WL) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) endoscopy are widely used to assess the superficial spreading of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, the analysis of images requires a high level of attention and extensive clinical expertise, leading to inter-clinician variability on the assessment of tumor margins. Computer-aided segmentation can automate the identification of LSCC margins, supporting clinicians in this challenging task. In this paper, we present SegMENT-Plus, a Deep Learning segmentation convolutional network specifically developed and optimized for accurate delineation of LSCC. SegMENT-Plus uses EfficienstNetB5 as encoder with a new modified Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (m-ASPP) block that integrates Channel Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Squeeze Excitation (SE). In this new architecture, CBAM extracts local and global LSCC features from the encoder, while the SE block refines cancer segmentation on each dilated convolution output. SegMENT-Plus was trained and evaluated on a multi-center dataset including clinical data from three different hospitals. A total of 4289 annotated laryngeal images from 766 patients were included in this study. The experiments showed that SegMENT-Plus achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) between 81.4% and 84.9% and an Intersection over Union (IOU) between 81.8% and 85.7% on the data from the different hospitals, attesting its high performance and generalization capability. The proposed segmentation architecture also demonstrated statistically significant improvement in DSC and IoU compared to other state of the art architectures, showing that this work is a concrete foundation towards a clinical system for the automatic delineation of LSCC margins in endoscopic images
Anti-inflammatory potential of some eudesmanolide and guaianolide sesquiterpenes.
No full textTen sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC ethanolic extract were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assignment, and mice paw swelling model. 3α,4α-10β-trihydroxy-8α-acetyloxyguaian-12,6α-olide (1), epi-vulgarin (3), 9a-hydroxyparthenolide (4), garcinamine C (7), garcinamine D (8), garcinamine E (9), and 4, 9-dihydroxyguaian-10(14)-en-12-olide (10) showed explicit anti-inflammatory activity in rodent paw edema and MPO assignment. The findings of this study showed that the α-methylene γ-lactone moiety does not always guarantee an anti-inflammatory effect, but the presence of proline at the C of the lactone ring improves the binding of sesquiterpene lactones with MPO isoenzymes, resulting in a more potent inhibition
Effect of Cross Nanowall Surface on the Onset Time of Explosive Boiling: A Molecular Dynamics Study
No full textExplosive boiling is a fast-phase transition from an ultra-thin liquid film to vapor under an extremely high heat flux, which typically has been studied using the molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) method. The present MDS study investigated the explosive boiling of a liquid argon nanofilm over different solid copper surfaces with different nanowall patterns, including parallel and cross nanowalls. For each surface, atomic motion trajectories, the number of liquid and vapor argon atoms, heat flux, and, mainly, the onset time of explosive boiling were investigated. The simulation results indicated that explosive boiling occurs earlier on parallel and cross nanowall surfaces than on an ideally smooth surface, regardless of the topology and configuration of the nanowalls. Moreover, the results revealed that by using the cross nanowall surfaces, the onset time of explosive boiling decreased by 0.7–4% compared to the parallel nanowall surfaces. In addition, it was found that the onset time of explosive boiling strongly depends on the potential energy barrier and the movement space between nanowalls for both parallel and cross nanowall surfaces. Furthermore, the simulation findings showed that even though increasing the height of cross nanowalls increases the heat flux and temperature of the fluid argon domain, it does not necessarily result in a shorter onset time for explosive boiling. These findings demonstrate the capability of cross nanowall surfaces for explosive boiling, thereby being utilized in future surface design for thermal management applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
DAMPAK KEDAI KOPI FREE WI-FI TERHADAP POLA HIDUP DAN POLA IBADAH REMAJA (STUDI KASUS DI KEDAI SOR SAWO PONOROGO)
Full text linkAzam, Muhammad Abdullah. 2020. Dampak Kedai Kopi Free Wi-Fi Terhadap Pola Hidup Dan Pola Ibadah Remaja ( Studi Kasus Di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo). Skripsi. Program Strata Satu (S-1), Jurusan Pendidikan Agama Islam, Fakultas Agama Islam, Unversitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo. Pembmbing: (I) Dr. Nurul Iman, Lc, M.HI (II) Ayok Ariyanto, M.Pd.I
Kata Kunci: Dampak kedai kopi, pola hidup remaja, pola ibadah remaja
Kedai kopi yang memiliki fasilitas tempat yang nyaman, menu varian makananan dan minuman yang beragam, menyediakan fasilitas internet gratis/ free Wi-Fi, terlebih apabila lokasi kedai kopi tersebut sangat strategis dan mudah terjangkau, namun terlepas dari banyaknya fasilitas yang ditawarkan, membuat konsumen betah berlama-lama di kedai kopi, sehingga banyak masyarakat terutama para remaja melilih kedai kopi sebagai tempat kumpul, sharing maupun nongkrong dengan teman-teman, dan tidak sedikit dari para remaja rela menghabiskan waktunya hingga larut malam di kedai kopi hanya untuk bermain game online dengan menggunakan fasilitas Free Wi-Fi yang telah disediakan oleh pemilik kedai kopi sehingga peneliti merumuskan masalah (1) Bagaimana pola hidup remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo (2) Bagaimana pola ibadah remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo (3) Bagaimana dampak kunjungan terhadap pola hidup dan ibadah remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan (1) Untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan pola hidup remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo (2) Untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan pola ibadah remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo (3) Untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan dampak kunjungan terhadap pola hidup dan ibadah remaja yang berada di Kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Semua digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan tentang dampak kedai kopi free Wi-Fi terhadap pola hidup dan pola ibadah remaja.
Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: hasil lapangan pola hidup remaja yang berkunjung berada dalam waktu yang normal yang tidak menggangu kehidupan keseharian mereka, meskipun ada beberapa di antara konsumen remaja rela meluangkan waktunya ber jam-jam hingga larut malam di kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo. Pola ibadah remaja yang berada di kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo dapat dilihat dari hasil lapangan yakni para remaja tetap melaksanakan ibadah sholat meskipun terkadang kurang tepat waktu dalam menjalankannya. Hasilnya ada beberapa dampak yang dirasakan remaja jika berkunjung hingga larut malam di kedai Sor Sawo Ponorogo, seperti halnya bagun tidur kesiangan, mengantuk saat beraktifitas karena kurang beristirahat
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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