44 research outputs found
Influence of Probiotics Administration on Gut Microbiota Core A Review on the Effects on Appetite Control, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism
No full textDietary lipid content reorganizes gut microbiota and probiotic L. rhamnosus attenuates obesity and enhances catabolic hormonal milieu in zebrafish
Get PDFAbstractIn the present study, we explored whether dietary lipid content influences the gut microbiome in adult zebrafish. Diets containing three different lipid levels (high [HFD], medium [MFD], and low [LFD]) were administered with or without the supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (P) to zebrafish in order to explore how the dietary lipid content may influence the gut microbiome. Dietary lipid content shifted the gut microbiome structure. The addition of L. rhamnosus in the diets, induced transcriptional reduction of orexigenic genes, upregulation of anorexigenic genes, and transcriptional decrease of genes involved in cholesterol and triglyceride (TAG) metabolism, concomitantly with lower content of cholesterol and TAG. Probiotic feeding also decreased nesfatin-1 peptide in HFD-P and attenuated weight gain in HFD-P and MFD-P fed zebrafish, but not in LFD-P group. Intestinal ultrastructure was not affected by dietary fat level or probiotic inclusion. In conclusion, these findings underline the role of fat content in the diet in altering gut microbiota community by shifting phylotype composition and highlight the potential of probiotics to attenuate high-fat diet-related metabolic disorder.</jats:p
Vliv endokrinních disruptorů na funkčnost spermií a změny ve steroidogenezi transkriptomik u ryb
No full textIn the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate modes of action of selected EDCs including mercury chloride (HgCl2), bisphenol A (BPA), vinclozolin (VZ) and Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on male reproductive physiology in fish. Results obtained from in vitro studies showed that EDCs decrease sperm motility via disruption in energetics and damage to spermatozoa; however the effective doses are higher than reported in the environmentally relevant concentrations. In contrast, in vivo studies showed adverse effects of BPA, VZ, and DEHP on sperm quality at environmentally relevant concentrations. Decrease in sperm quality is associated with disruption in testicular steroidogenesis, particularly inhibition of androgens. Only BPA induced vitellogenin production, associated with increase in transcripts of estrogen receptor, androgen receptor and cytochrome P450 mRNA at the high dose approaching environmental level. Inhibition of androgen production is due to disruption in transfer of cholesterol into the steroidogenesis pathway, because transcript of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA was decreased. In addition, BPA acts through sex steroid-mediated mechanism while DEHP mode of action is sex-steroid independent mechanism
The ghrelinergic system in zebrafish gonads is suppressed during food unavailability
No full textGhrelin is an appetite stimulatory peptide that regulates reproduction in vertebrates. The acylation of ghrelin by ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (Goat) is essential for most of its functions. The ghrelinergic system (ghrelin, ghrelin receptor [Ghsr] and Goat) is present in teleost fish ovary and testis. In this research, we determined the abundance of the ghrelinergic system mRNAs in different stages of follicle (oocyte) development in zebrafish ovary. The highest levels of preproghrelin mRNA were observed in the first stage of follicular development (previtellogenesis). Significantly low levels of preproghrelin mRNA were observed in stages 3II, 4 and 5 of the follicle development. Ghsr mRNA abundance remained unchanged at early stages of follicle development and decreased in stage 5 compared to other developmental stages. A significant decrease in preproghrelin and Ghsr mRNAs in the testis, and ghsr mRNA in the ovary of zebrafish deprived of food for 3 days were found. At 7 days food deprivation, preproghrelin, ghsr and goat mRNA in the ovary and preproghrelin and goat in the testis of zebrafish were significantly reduced. These results show that metabolic status modulates gonadal ghrelinergic system in zebrafish and provide support for a role for ghrelin in fish reproduction
Engineering Transport Orbitals in Single-Molecule Junctions
Get PDFControlling charge transport through molecules is challenging because it requires engineering of the energy of molecular orbitals involved in the transport process. While side groups are central to maintaining solubility in many molecular materials, their role in modulating charge transport through single-molecule junctions has received less attention. Here, using two break-junction techniques and computational modeling, we investigate systematically the effect of electron-donating and -withdrawing side groups on the charge transport through single molecules. By characterizing the conductance and thermopower, we demonstrate that side groups can be used to manipulate energy levels of the transport orbitals. Furthermore, we develop a novel statistical approach to model quantum transport through molecular junctions. The proposed method does not treat the electrodes' chemical potential as a free parameter and leads to more robust prediction of electrical conductance as confirmed by our experiment. The new method is generic and can be used to predict the conductance of molecules
Adverse effects of bisphenol A on reproductive physiology in male goldfish at environmentally relevant concentrations
No full textInternational audienceAlternations of reproductive physiology were studied in the male goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6, 4.5 and 11.0 μg/L) of bisphenol A (BPA) at days 10, 20 and 30 after exposure. Significant effects of BPA concentration, exposure time and their interactions were observed on testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and sperm motility and velocity, but gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were not affected. Vitellogenin (VTG) was only affected by BPA concentration. The T and 11-KT levels were significantly decreased in the BPA-treated groups after 20 or 30 days. Sperm motility was significantly decreased at 15, 30, 60 and 90 s post-activation in the BPA-treated groups after 20 or 30 days. But, significant decrease in sperm velocity was observed at 30, 60 and 90 s post-activation in the BPA-treated groups at all exposure times. The VTG was significantly increased in the males exposed to 11.0 μg/L at day 30 after exposure. The GSI, HSI and E2 did not differ between the BPA-treated groups and control. The present study shows that the decrease of sperm quality is concurrent with the decrease of androgens and increase of VTG. The results suggest adverse effects of BPA on sperm motility and velocity via modifications of testicular steroidogenesis that might correspond to alternation in sperm maturation
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate disrupts pituitary and testicular hormonal functions to reduce sperm quality in mature goldfish
No full textDi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) interferes with male reproductive endocrine system in mammals, however its effects on fish reproduction are largely unknown. We evaluated sperm quality and investigated reproductive endocrine system in mature goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to nominal 1, 10, and 100μg/L DEHP. To examine DEHP estrogenic activity, one group of goldfish was exposed to 17β-estradiol (5μg/L E2) for comparison. Following 30d of exposure, sperm production was decreased and suppressed in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish, respectively. Sperm motility and velocity were decreased in goldfish exposed to 100 and 10μg/L DEHP at 15s post-sperm activation, respectively. Compared to control, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were decreased at 10 and 1μg/L DEHP at day 15 and 30, respectively. In E2 treated goldfish, 11-KT levels were decreased compared to control during the period of exposure. E2 levels were increased in goldfish exposed to E2, but remained unchanged in DEHP treated goldfish during the period of exposure. StAR mRNA levels encoding regulator of cholesterol transfer to steroidogenesis were decreased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish following 15 and 30d of exposure, respectively. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were decreased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish following 15 and 30d of exposure, respectively. In DEHP treated goldfish, gnrh3, kiss1 and its receptor (gpr54) mRNA levels did not change during the experimental period. In E2 treated goldfish, gnrh3 mRNA levels were decreased at day 7, but kiss1 and gpr54 mRNA levels were increased at day 30 of exposure. The mRNA levels of genes encoding testicular LH and androgen receptors remained unchanged in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish. In contrast to E2 treated goldfish, vitellogenin production was not induced in DEHP treated goldfish and mRNA levels of genes with products mediating estrogenic effects remained unchanged or decreased. In conclusion, DEHP interferes with testis and pituitary hormonal functions to reduce sperm quality in goldfish and does not exhibit estrogenic activit
The power features of Masseter muscle activity in tension-type and migraine without aura headache during open-close clench cycles
No full text
Introduction
Different types of headaches and TMJ click influence the masseter muscle activity. The aim of this study was to assess the trend of energy level of the electromyography (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle during open-close clench cycles in migraine without aura (MOA) and tension-type headache (TTH) with or without TMJ click.
Methods
Twenty-five women with MOA and twenty four women with TTH participated in the study. They matched with 25 healthy subjects, in terms of class of occlusion and prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with click. The EMG of both masseter muscles were recorded during open-close clench cycles at a rate of 80 cycles per minute for 15 seconds. The mouth opening was restricted to two centimeters by mandibular motion frame. Signal processing steps have been done on the EMG as: noise removing, smoothing, feature extraction, and statistical analyzing. The six statistical parameters of energy computed were mean, Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis, and first and second half energy over all signal energy.
Results
A three-way ANOVA indicated that during all the cycles, the mean of energy was more and there was a delay in showing the peak of energy in the masseter of the left side with clicked TMJ in MOA group compared to the two other groups, while this pattern occurred inversely in the side with no-clicked TMJ (P < 0.009). The variation of energy was significantly less in MOA group compared to the two other groups in the no-clicked TMJ (P < 0.003). However, the proportion of the first or second part of signal energy to all energy showed that TTH group had less energy in the first part and more energy in the second part in comparison to the two other groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The study showed different changes in the energy distribution of masseter muscle activity during cycles in MOA and TTH. MOA, in contrast to TTH, had lateralization effect on EMG and interacted with TMJ click.
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Feeding and food availability modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an orexigen with metabolic roles in zebrafish
Get PDFEmerging fndings point to a role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on feeding in
mammals. However, its role on energy balance is unclear. Moreover, whether BDNF regulates
energy homeostasis in non-mammals remain unknown. This research aimed to determine whether
BDNF is a metabolic peptide in zebrafsh. Our results demonstrate that BDNF mRNAs and protein,
as well as mRNAs encoding its receptors trkb2, p75ntra and p75ntrb, are detectable in the zebrafsh
brain, foregut and liver. Intraperitoneal injection of BDNF increased food intake at 1, 2 and 6 h
post-administration, and caused an upregulation of brain npy, agrp and orexin, foregut ghrelin, and
hepatic leptin mRNAs, and a reduction in brain nucb2. Fasting for 7 days increased bdnf and p75ntrb
mRNAs in the foregut, while decreased bdnf, trkb2, p75ntra and p75ntrb mRNAs in the brain and liver.
Additionally, the expression of bdnf and its receptors increased preprandially, and decreased after
a meal in the foregut and liver. Finally, we observed BDNF-induced changes in the expression and/
or activity of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Overall, present results
indicate that BDNF is a novel regulator of appetite and metabolism in fsh, which is modulated by
energy intake and food availabilityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada | Ref. RGPIN-2017-04956Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2017/11
