388 research outputs found
Preface
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057; Rasul, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8159-1321In recent years, the transport sector is facing many challenges in meeting the growing liquid fuel demand in an energy efficient and environmentally sustainable manner. Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability provides the industries and the academia with recent development in technologies and application of biofuels in the field of the internal combustion engine, more specifically in diesel engine. The book primarily focuses on low emissions and alternative transport fuels; energy efficient diesel engine; and biofuels technologies, applications, and environmental sustainability to academics, researchers, practicing engineers, technologists, and students. It is a valuable resource to undergraduate, honours, and postgraduate research students in the field of biofuel applications in advanced level
Recent trends and challenges of algal biofuel conversion technologies
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057The rapid growth in global energy demands has triggered the scientific community to explore new stepwise biofuel conversion approaches. Biofuels are considered as one of the most promising renewable alternatives to meet the global energy crisis and environmental concerns. Microalgae biomass has proven the potentiality for the production of biofuels, chemicals, and bio-based products leading to the transition from petroleum-based economy to a bio-based economy. Algal biofuel offers a number of advantages, for example, higher growth rate with no competition with food and minimal or no environmental impacts. Biofuel produced from microalgae has low viscosity and low density with high caloric value compared to cellulosic biofuel, which makes algal biofuel more suitable for the application. This chapter outlines the progress on the biofuels production from algal biomass. The process description of possible algal biofuel routes underlining the challenges associated with large-scale production have been detailed in this chapter
Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057This chapter investigates the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diesel engine cold flow behavior at the speed of 2400 rpm. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3D) combustion chamber model with an inlet and exhaust port was developed using the numerical tool. The dynamic meshing was done for different piston positions, inlet, and outlet valves operation for the entire range of the engine cycle (0°–720° crank angle (CA)). The standard k-ε turbulence model was used for CFD analysis to observe velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution. The entire process is highly complex, which requires more computational time with the powerful machine. The numerical simulation was carried out using a high-performance computing (HPC) system with 16 parallel cores and a 100 GB memory machine. The result shows the outstanding in-cylinder flow behavior, velocity, temperature, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy for the diesel engines. The outcome of this study will be helpful to the engine designers for designing a fuel-efficient engine combustion chamber with minimum emission
Introduction to sustainable and alternative ecofuels
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057; Rasul, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8159-1321This book will help readers develop a deeper understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to global sustainability issues with the goal of achieving cleaner, more efficient energy
Investigation on the effect of butanol isomers with gasoline on spark ignition engine characteristics
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057This chapter aims to explore the performance and emission characteristics of butanol isomers in order to suggest technical improvisations for their adoption as a commercial fuel in spark ignition engines. The limited availability of research works using butanol isomer blends motivates the current work involving an extensive investigation of the alternative fuels as a comparative study. Through extensive evaluation of the prevailing research works, it is found that by substituting pure gasoline fuel with butanol-gasoline blends, an increase in the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions due to the lower calorific value and higher latent heat of vaporization of butanol fuel can be obtained. However, oxides of nitrogen emissions are found to decrease with reference to that of pure gasoline fuel. The current study is extended to validate the results obtained from a review study by conducting an experimental investigation on an SI engine fueled with n-butanol-gasoline blend and isobutanol-gasoline blend. The concentrations of butanol isomers in the blends are varied from 10% to 30%, and the obtained performance and emission characteristics are compared to that of pure gasoline fuel. It is observed that the experimentally obtained characteristics are in accordance with the results obtained through comparative evaluation
Advancement in remote sensing of wind energy
No full textAzad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057In modern applications, wind turbines are gaining in height and becoming larger in size, as well as being installed in complex, mountainous, and hilly terrain to produce large amounts of energy for neighboring populations and industries. However, one must keep in mind that the efficiency of a wind farm is greatly affected by inaccurate wind resource assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate wind resource potential to estimate how much energy is available at the site and how much power the wind turbine can produce, because the power output of a wind turbine scales cubically with the available wind speed. In this case, to achieve the highest possible efficiency from a wind farm and to install modern machines of even larger heights, it becomes necessary to study and precisely estimate wind resource potential and its economic feasibility. The investigation of wind resource at larger heights and at complex wind farms requires a more physical volume-based measurement. Ground-based remote-sensing techniques such as light detection and ranging and sound detection and ranging are becoming increasingly useful and popular in the wind energy sector for resource assessment as they help in reducing complexity, uncertainty, and technicality in modern wind farm development, because they provide volume measurement and measure the entire rotor field from top to bottom at each height, particularly at higher hub height, which is difficult to do using conventional techniques, traditional techniques, or meteorological mast techniques. The meteorological mast consists of a cup anemometer and other measuring instruments to measure wind speed and wind direction. Using meteorological mast is not a representative idea as it gives point and fixed measurements, and empirical equations such as power law and log law are used to convert wind speed measured at 10 m or 30 m to larger heights of 100 m, 120 m, or more. This chapter is focused on increasing confidence in the result of remote-sensing measurement. Most importantly, there is economic merit in determining the total amount of cash flowing on wind resource assessment using advance different techniques
Cyber-physical laboratories in engineering and science education
No full textThis volume investigates a number of issues needed to develop a modular, effective, versatile, cost effective, pedagogically-embedded, user-friendly, and sustainable online laboratory system that can deliver its true potential in the national and global arenas. This allows individual researchers to develop their own modular systems with a level of creativity and innovation while at the same time ensuring continuing growth by separating the responsibility for creating online laboratories from the responsibility for overseeing the students who use them. The volume first introduces the reader to several system architectures that have proven successful in many online laboratory settings. The following chapters then describe real-life experiences in the area of online laboratories from both technological and educational points of view. The volume further collects experiences and evidence on the effective use of online labs in the context of a diversity of pedagogical issues. It also illustrates successful online laboratories to highlight best practices as case studies and describes the technological design strategies, implementation details, and classroom activities as well as learning from these developments. Finally the volume describes the creation and deployment of commercial products, tools and services for online laboratory development. It also provides an idea about the developments that are on the horizon to support this area
State of the art: internet accessible remote experimentation
No full textUse of computer and computer-related technologies to enhance learning began in the 1960s. The presence of computer technology in education has increased dramatically since that time, and predictions are that this trend will continue to accelerate. One of the extensions of computer technology is the Internet, which has extensively been used as a connectivity and reference tool for commercial, personal, and educational purposes. It appears that Internet-based education will continue to evolve and that the process is irreversible. One of the relatively recent uses of the Internet is Internet accessible remote experimentation (IARE). Although used mostly for academic activities, it has the potential to benefit research, industry, and other walks of life
What Every Engineer Should Know about Engineering Education
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to present the current status of the literature of engineering education. In order to accomplish this task several questions are discussed: Who publishes the documents? What are the topics of the articles published? How to find them? and Where to publish them? The author also discusses the deficiencies found in existing databases caused by the lack indexing of a great deal of information of significant importance and proposes the development of an engineering education gateway to overcome this problem
CFD modeling of a modified Ahmed Car Body for Reduced Drag
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics, June 2014.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-116).The wake flow behind the car presents the major contribution to a car drag. The flow over a car body is very complex. Hence MOVA consortium partners agreed to study the vehicle shape employed by Ahmed and Ramm (1984), known as Ahmed body. The aerodynamic drag of the body has great impact on the fuel consumption by a car. So for economic and for environmental reasons also drag reduction is very important. The CFD model is used to investigate and for the better understanding of the aerodynamic behavior of the flow in the surrounding area of the vehicle.
The development of a good CFD model depends firstly on investigating and selecting the best grid configurations. In this simulation experiment the total element count after final refinement was within an acceptable limit 1.7 to 2 million grids. The performance of a CFD model is not only depends on the number of grids but also on the turbulence model chosen for the simulation. Sometimes on the basis of the turbulence model chosen it is also required to select the roughness height.
For the above mention purpose in this simulation study it has been found that a total of 1.7 million grids are suitable and acceptable. To select this number grid dependence test is performed. To choose the turbulence model a comparison among different turbulence models is done. On the basis of Azad et al. (2012) the k-a model, which is better suited, is chosen for the simulations. As k-a model has dependence on the roughness height it was required to choose also. A further study is done to find it and the findings are published. Azad et al. (2013) has shown the results and according to them the selection of the roughness height as 0.0002m is the best choice.
Out of the two strategies active and passive, a passive strategy is chosen to reduce the drag over the Ahmed car body. To manipulate the flow insertion of grooves has been considered. The grooves are placed at the top, at the slant, at the top and slant, and at the rear surface of the body.
The drag, after modeling the Ahmed body, is then calculated using ANSYS-11. The results thus obtained are compared with the results obtained by Lienhart et al. (2000). It has been found that overall drag has reduced.Abul Kalam AzadDoctor of Philosophy in Mathematic
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