48 research outputs found
Multimedia informed consent tool for a low literacy African research population: development and pilot-testing
No full textInformed consent comprehension in African research settings
No full textObjectivePrevious reviews on participants' comprehension of informed consent information have focused on developed countries. Experience has shown that ethical standards developed on Western values may not be appropriate for African settings where research concepts are unfamiliar. We undertook this review to describe how informed consent comprehension is defined and measured in African research settings.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search involving five electronic databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health, EthxWeb and Bioethics Literature Database (BELIT). We also examined African Index Medicus and Google Scholar for relevant publications on informed consent comprehension in clinical studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. 29 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria; meta-analysis was possible in 21 studies. We further conducted a direct comparison of participants' comprehension on domains of informed consent in all eligible studies.ResultsComprehension of key concepts of informed consent varies considerably from country to country and depends on the nature and complexity of the study. Meta-analysis showed that 47% of a total of 1633 participants across four studies demonstrated comprehension about randomisation (95% CI 13.9–80.9%). Similarly, 48% of 3946 participants in six studies had understanding about placebo (95% CI 19.0–77.5%), while only 30% of 753 participants in five studies understood the concept of therapeutic misconception (95% CI 4.6–66.7%). Measurement tools for informed consent comprehension were developed with little or no validation. Assessment of comprehension was carried out at variable times after disclosure of study information. No uniform definition of informed consent comprehension exists to form the basis for development of an appropriate tool to measure comprehension in African participants.ConclusionsComprehension of key concepts of informed consent is poor among study participants across Africa. There is a vital need to develop a uniform definition for informed consent comprehension in low literacy research settings in Africa. This will be an essential step towards developing appropriate tools that can adequately measure informed consent comprehension. This may consequently suggest adequate measures to improve the informed consent procedure.ObjectifLes normes éthiques élaborées selon les valeurs occidentales ne sont peut-être pas appropriées au contexte africain où les concepts de recherche ne sont pas familiers. Cette revue décrit comment la compréhension du consentement éclairé est définie et mesurée dans les cadres de recherche africains.MéthodesDes recherches ont été effectuées sur Medline, Embase, Global Health, EthxWeb, base de données de la Bioéthique Littérature, Index Medicus African et Google Scholar pour des publications pertinentes sur la compréhension du consentement éclairé dans les études cliniques menées en Afrique sub-saharienne. 29 études répondaient aux critères d'inclusion; une méta-analyse a été possible pour 21 études. La compréhension des participants sur les domaines du consentement éclairé dans toutes les études admissibles a été comparée directement.RésultatsLa compréhension des concepts clés du consentement éclairé varie considérablement selon les pays et dépend de la nature et de la complexité de l’étude. La méta-analyse a montré que 47% des participants ont compris la randomisation (IC95%: 13,9 - 80,9%), 48% ont compris le placebo (IC95%: 19,0 - 77,5%), 30% ont compris le concept de méprise thérapeutique (IC95%: 4,6 - 66,7%). Les outils de mesure de la compréhension du consentement éclairé étaient développés avec peu ou pas de validation.ConclusionsLa compréhension des concepts clés du consentement éclairé est faible en Afrique. Il y a une nécessité vitale d’élaborer une définition uniforme pour la compréhension du consentement éclairé dans les cadres de recherche avec un faible niveau d'alphabétisation en Afrique.ObjetivoLos estándares éticos desarrollados basándose en valores occidentales podrían no ser apropiados para emplazamientos Africanos en donde los conceptos de investigación no son familiares. En esta revisión se describe como la comprensión del consentimiento informado se define y mide en un centro de investigación Africano.MétodosSe buscaron publicaciones relevantes sobre la comprensión del consentimiento informado en estudios clínicos en África subsahariana en Medline, Embase, Global Health, EthxWeb, Bioethics Literature Database, African Index Medicus y Google Scholar. 29 estudios satisfacían los criterios de inclusión y el metaanálisis era posible para 21. La comprensión del consentimiento informado por parte de los participantes se comparó directamente en todos los estudios elegibles.ResultadosLa comprensión de conceptos claves del consentimiento informado varió de forma considerable entre países, y dependía de la naturaleza y de la complejidad del estudio. El meta-análisis mostró que un 47% entendía la aleatorización (IC 95% 13.9-80.9%); un 48% entendía el placebo (IC 95% 19.0-77.5%); y un 30% entendió el concepto terapéutico errado (IC 95% 4.6-66.7%). Las herramientas para medir la comprensión del consentimiento informado se desarrollaron con poca o ninguna validación.ConclusionesEn África, la comprensión de conceptos claves del consentimiento informado es pobre. Existe una necesidad vital de desarrollar una definición uniforme para la comprensión del consentimiento informado en lugares con bajos niveles de alfabetización en África
Taxpayers rights protection in Nigeria
No full textThis dissertation provides an overview of the rights of taxpayers in Nigeria. The author analyses the domestic and international framework of taxpayers' rights protection, reviews the history of tax regimes in Nigeria and the broader context of human rights, highlighting those areas that require further attention
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATED STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM
No full textThis Project report presents details of the design and construction of a microcontroller based automated intelligent street lighting system. The circuits are designed specifically for self-intelligence and fault detection of the system.The street light system consists of two circuit boards; the main printed circuit boards and
the street light pole printed circuit board.The major components of the main printed circuit board are PIC microcontroller, GSM module, voltage translator, multiplexer integrated circuit, resistors, and capacitors, while the major components of the street light pole circuits are the light dependent resistor circuit sensors, infrared sensors, PIC microcontroller, capacitor and resistors. The Light Dependent Resistor is used for Automation, the Infrared sensor is used for Intelligence; sensing movement and taking the LEDs to a full ON state and the GSM module for fault detection. The Printed Circuit Board circuits and their components are housed in its physical framework. The circuit for the main board and the circuit for the street light pole were tested and worked properly as intended
Class Lecture: Abimbola, Dr. Wanda Ifa, Side 1: Olabimtan, Afolabi Ogun; Side 2 Lagos, Nigeria
No full textProfessors Abmb??l and Olabimtan deliver a presentation on Yoruba religion. In the presentation both discuss the origin of Ogun, the god of war and metals.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the National Endowment for Humanities - Humanities Collections and Reference Resources Implementation Project Grant in supporting the processing and digitization of a number of its major archival collections as part of the project: Spreading the Word: Expanding Access to African American Religious Archival Collections at the Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library.</em
Development of a Self-Organizing Multipurpose Mobile Robot
No full textDevelopment of a Self-Organizing Multipurpose Mobile Robot is aimed at creating a versatile robotic system capable of autonomously navigating through environments, monitoring surroundings, and streaming real-time data. The project focused on integrating advanced sensors and technology to achieve seamless obstacle avoidance, environmental data collection, and remote monitoring. It involved identifying the project requirements, selecting appropriate hardware and software components, assembling the chassis, mounting sensors, and coding for integration. The core hardware components included the ESP32-CAM module, flame sensor, PIR motion sensor, light detector sensor, rain sensor, and others. These components synergized to enable the robot to interact with its environment and make informed decisions. It further delved into the construction process, detailing the steps of assembling the chassis, mounting components, wiring sensors, and programming the microcontroller. The integration of various sensors was meticulously orchestrated to ensure accurate data collection and real-time video streaming. Subsequent testing and result analysis validated the project\u27s success in achieving its goals. The robot demonstrated efficient obstacle avoidance, precise environmental data acquisition, and stable remote video streaming. The project\u27s coding and system design facilitated seamless collaboration between hardware and software components, culminating in a functional and agile robotic system. The discussion and performance analysis section elaborated on the significance of sensor integration, coding efficiency, and seamless communication. In conclusion, the project\u27s success underscored the potential of mobile robotics in diverse applications. The project\u27s outcomes lay the groundwork for future innovations in robotic systems, emphasizing the importance of strategic integration, meticulous coding, and comprehensive testing in achieving functional and adaptable robots
Post-COVID Reflections from a General Dental Practice Perspective
No full textOVID-19 took the world by a storm, private dental practitioners inclusive.
This perspective paper briefly highlights the challenges faced by private dental practitioners in Nigeria while the pandemic lasted. The author highlighted the response and guidelines issued by the ministry of health and how private dental practice adjusted to the new realities.
It concluded with the recommendation that despite the end of COVID-19 as an emergency, infection control practices must still be upheld, post-COVID and at all times
Indigenous Emotional Intelligence Scale: Development and validation
No full textIn Nigeria, it seems there is sparse of indigenous measure of emotional intelligence. Therefore, this research fills a gap in literature by developing a valid and reliable indigenous scale. To achieve this, the author combined the Bar-On and Goleman’s models of emotional intelligence. In Study 1, 255 items were generated and were reduced to 198 based on expert advice. At the end of several analyses, 52 items were retained. These items were put in a questionnaire form and administered to 850 students in a university. The author determined the factorial validity of the scale using a sample of 834 participants who returned the scale. The scale (using varimax rotation method) was then subjected to principal component analysis and 40 items were retained in a 7 well defined factor structure. The factors/dimensions include interpersonal skill (r = .77), empathetic response (r = .73), stress tolerance (r = .69), optimism (r = .75), assertiveness (r = .78), problem solving (r = .74) and flexibility (r = .80). The scale has convergent validity because of its positive relationship with empathy (r = .67) and social intelligence (r = .79) and negative relationships with aggression (r = -.41) and impulsiveness (r = -.32). A test re-test reliability of .79 was also established for the scale.</p
IMPACT OF ELECTORAL LAWS AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION ON SUSTENANCE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY IN NIGERIA
No full textAbstract: Nigeria got independence in 1960 from the British colonial masters. Since then, democracy experiences have been very bitter and unsavory. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised, members of Houses of Representative and Senate. The sample size was sixty (60), selected through a simple random sampling technique. Both quantitative and qualitative research instruments were used to generate data. The quantitative research instrument was used, titled, “Rating Scale on impact of Electoral Laws and Citizenship Education on Sustenance of Democracy in the 21st Century in Nigeria”, fashioned on four likert rating scale; Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (SD), while Focus Group Discussion (FGDS) was used to generate qualitative data. The research instruments were validated by two experts in Test and Measurement, while its reliability was done through test-retest method and 0.64 coefficient reliability was obtained. Based on the findings of the research, conclusions were made that Citizenship education could informed people and acquainted them better than their civil rights. Also, Electoral laws could promote good election process in democratic practice etc. Based on the findings, recommendations were therefore made that; Citizenship education should be taught either, through the formal or non-formal system of education. Also, Electoral Laws should be made accessible to public either print or electronics media and so on..
Keywords: Impact, Citizenship education, Electoral law, Democracy, Sustenance.
Title: IMPACT OF ELECTORAL LAWS AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION ON SUSTENANCE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY IN NIGERIA
Author: ERINSAKIN, MARTINS OJO, AFOLABI, ANIFAT ABIODUN, MR. OLANIYAN, OLAOLU DAMILOLA
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
ISSN 2349-7831
Vol. 9, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 114-120
Paper Publications (Publisher)
Website: www.paperpublications.org
Published date: 03-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514308
Paper download link (source):
https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/IMPACT%20OF%20ELECTORAL%20LAWS-03052022-3.pdfPaper Publications (Publisher), Website: www.paperpublications.org, International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH), ISSN 2349-783
Effective preprocessing techniques for improved facial recognition under variable conditions
No full textFacial recognition systems are increasingly used across various applications; however, their performance often degrades in challenging conditions such as poor lighting and occlusions. Preprocessing techniques play a critical role in improving input image quality, enhancing feature extraction, and ultimately boosting recognition accuracy. This study evaluates advanced preprocessing methods, including edge detection using the Canny detector and illumination normalization through histogram equalization and gamma correction, which are integrated into a preprocessing pipeline. A detailed comparative analysis demonstrates significant recognition rate improvements under low-light and occluded scenarios, supported by quantitative evidence. Additionally, computational efficiency is evaluated, highlighting the applicability of these methods for large-scale and real-time systems. The results affirm that effective preprocessing strengthens the performance and reliability of facial recognition systems, making them suitable for real-world applications where conditions are often unpredictable
