1,272 research outputs found
Social system, reproduction of helpers and sperm competition in the cooperatively breeding fishes (Julidochromis spp.) in Lake Tanganyika
No full textTestis size depends on social status and the presence of male helpers in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Julidochromis ornatus
No full textCooperatively breeding animals, in which helpers may participate in reproduction with dominant breeders, are ideal species for examining intraspecific variation in testis size because they often exhibit both monogamous breeding (low risk of sperm competition) and polyandrous breeding (high risk) within a population. However, little is known about testis investment as a result of sperm competition in these animals. The substrate-brooding cichlid fish Julidochromis ornatus has a cooperatively breeding system, in which some males mate monogamously and other males reproduce as dominant breeders or helpers within cooperatively breeding groups, in which male helpers frequently sire young. We examined the relationship between testis investment and male social status in relation to the risk of sperm competition. As predicted from sperm competition models, in groups with male helpers, both the male breeders and the male helpers invested more in testes mass, compared to breeding males without male helpers. We also found a positive relationship between the testes mass of male breeders and their male helpers, suggesting that males increase their investment in reproductive capability under the risk of sperm competition. Sperm competition models also predict that larger testes are associated with increased siring success. Our paternity analysis supported this prediction; we found a positive relationship between testis investment by male helpers and the number of offspring they sired. Copyright 2006.cooperative breeding; Lake Tanganyika; paternity; social status; sperm competition risk; testis investment
A successful model of regional healthcare information exchange in Japan: Case Study in Kagawa Prefecture
No full textIn this study, we focused on analysis of healthcare data exchange over the network. For the advance of broadband capability development, many governments expect online medical information exchange between medical institutions. Japanese government also has tried to deploy ICT in the healthcare field. In Japan, many healthcare ICT projects started, but almost of all the projects face many issues and failed to continue. This situation caused us to clarify the success factor of healthcare information exchange network. For inspecting the success factors, we analyzed information access of healthcare systems in Kagawa prefecture of Japan. Kagawa prefecture is one of the most advance areas for healthcare information technology. We analyzed four medical ICT projects in Kagawa prefecture: K-MIX, Critical Pathway for Diabetes, E-prescription, and PHR. In addition, we inspected characteristics of exchanged data in the network, and stakeholder involved in these projects. This analysis lets us find various types of healthcare ICT projects. Characteristic of data processed in the projects caused differences of characteristic of the projects. On the other hand, multiple systems process same data, though the project does not share the data itself. Considering various types of medical information exchanges projects, we propose classification and standard format of exchanged data according to their characteristic are critical for efficient business deployment. --e-Health,regional healthcare information exchange,EHR
Analysis for science librarians of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: the life and work of William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, and Youyou Tu
No full textParasites affect humans worldwide with varying degrees of seriousness. Some of the most impactful parasitic infections affect millions of people, many of whom are already impoverished and struggling. The discoveries of the 2015 Nobel Laureates in Physiology of Medicine have changed the way some of these serious parasitic infections are treated, saving and improving the lives of countless people. These Laureates are William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, and Youyou Tu
Seasonal occurrence and sexual maturation of Japanese pygmy squid (Idiosepius paradoxus) at the northern limits of their distribution
No full textThe distribution of aquatic animals is severely limited by water temperature. However, little is known about migration pattern, over-wintering and reproduction at the northern limits of their distribution. To investigate the sexual maturation of the Japanese pygmy squid (Idiosepius paradoxus) and its ability to survive during winter at the northern limits of its distribution, we conducted monthly collections at Usujiri in northern Japan and carried out low temperature tolerance experiments. Squids were collected only during four months in autumn and early winter. In autumn, all squids were large and sexually mature, and many egg masses were found on the surface of seagrass, whereas in early winter, only small immature squids were collected. A warm northward-flowing current reached near Usujiri in autumn. These results suggest that squids were transported by the current and some small squids were recruits that hatched at Usujiri. Field data and low temperature tolerance experiments showed that I. paradoxus can not survive in the low seawater temperature that occurs at Usujiri in winter. The migration pattern in I. paradoxus may differ from the major pattern where young fish are passively transported and never reproduce at the northern limits
Group composition, relatedness, and dispersal in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus obscurus
No full textAdelencyrtus odonaspidis Fullaway 1913
No full textAdelencyrtus odonaspidis Fullaway, 1913 Comments. The Japanese record is based on BURKS (1958), but this author did not state which material was examined or where the information originated.Published as part of Japoshvili, George, Higashiura, Yoshimitsu & Kamitani, Satoshi, 2016, A review of Japanese Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions of new species, new records and comments on the types described by Japanese authors, pp. 345-401 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on page 395, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.530683
Insufficient data render comparative analyses of the evolution of cooperative breeding mere speculation: A reply to Dey et al.
No full textOnly children by choice vs. only children by circumstances: why do some women have only one child?
No full textIn an attempt to stimulate further theory and research on only children, we introduce two conceptual distinctions: Only children as independent variables vs. only children as dependent variables; and only children by choice vs. only children by circumstances. What little scientific research exists on only children to date focuses almost exclusively on only children as independent variables and fails to make a distinction between only children by choice and only children by circumstances. A focus on only children by choice as dependent variables explores the question of why some women choose to have only one child. As an empirical illustration, analyses of prospectively longitudinal data with a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom (National Child Development Study) show that women who experience pregnancy complications are significantly less likely to have another child and significantly more likely to have only one child. Our results suggest that increased chances of pregnancy complications that American women now experience alone can explain about 10% of the increase in the number of only children in the United States in the last half century. If certain genes incline women to have pregnancy complications, it is possible that only children by circumstances are genetically more similar to children with siblings than to only children by choice
APHERP symposium session III : Higher education graduate employment for uncertain futures
No full textPresented Titles: What Can We Learn from the Past Crisis and Uncertainty? Re-examining the Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Graduate Employment in Japan [Author: Satoshi Araki] A Critical Review of Skills that Higher Education should Prepare Students for the Era of Fourth Industrial Revolution [Authors: Weiyan Xiong; Huiyuan Ye] Evaluating Intention to Migrate to the Greater Bay Cities in Mainland China: A Multi-Group Analysis among Hong Kong Adults [Authors: Joshua Ka-ho Mok; Alex Zhu; Genghua Huang] Unpacking Rising Degree Requirements in the British Labour Market [Authors: Golo Henseke; Alan Felstead; Duncan Gallie; Francis Green
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