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Kajian Keanekaragaman Morfologi, Metabolit Primer dan Molekuler Sumber Daya Genetik Kacang-kacangan Underutilized Indonesia
No full textKacang-kacangan underutilized Indonesia dapat dikembangkan sebagai
varietas komersil seperti kedelai dikarenakan kacang-kacangan tersebut juga kaya
nutrisi sama seperti kedelai. Selain sebagai bahan pangan sumber protein, kacangkacangan
underutilized dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber minyak nabati, pakan,
obat-obatan maupun pupuk hijau. Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman sumber
daya genetik kacang-kacangan underutilized yang melimpah, namun informasi
potensi genetik dan keragamannya belum banyak diketahui. Kegiatan eksplorasi,
koleksi dan karakterisasi plasma nutfah berdasarkan morfologi, metabolit primer
dan molekuler sangat diperlukan dalam pengembangan varietas unggul baru dan
merupakan tahap awal dalam kegiatan pemulian tanaman kacang-kacangan
tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keragaan
morfologi dan metabolit primer kacang-kacangan underutilized Indonesia. Analisis
lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan
antar aksesi kacang-kacangan underutilized berdasarkan penanda morfologi,
metabolit primer dan molekuler ISSR.
Materi genetik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 31 aksesi kacangkacangan
underutilized dan satu varietas pembanding yang terdiri atas 8 spesies
meliputi 1����� aksesi spesies Vigna unguiculata (14 aksesi kacang tunggak dan 4
aksesi kacang panjang), 2 aksesi spesies V. subterranea (kacang bogor), 2 aksesi
spesies Phaseolus lunatus (koro kratok), 1 aksesi spesies P. vulgaris (kacang
merah), 1 aksesi spesies Canavalia ensiformis (koro pedang), 2 aksesi spesies
Mucuna pruriens (koro benguk), 5 aksesi spesies Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
(kecipir) dan 1 varietas spesies Glycine max (kedelai) sebagai tanaman
pembanding. Analisis morfologi dilakukan menggunakan rangkuman deskriptor
International Board for Plant Genetic Resources Institute dan Guidelines for The
Conduct of Test for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Analisis kandungan
metabolit primer menggunakan analisis proksimat. Analisis molekuler
menggunakan 11 primer ISSR dengan ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode cethyl
trimethyl ammonium bromide. Data morfologi, metabolit primer dan molekuler
dianalisis menggunakan analisis gerombol dan konstruksi dendogram
menggunakan perangkat lunak PBSTAT-CL. Analisis komponen utama
menggunakan perangkat lunak MINITAB v.16.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 31 aksesi kacang-kacangan
underutilized dan 1 varietas kedelai yang diamati terdapat 64 karakter beragam dan
2 karakter seragam dari 66 karakter morfologi yang diamati. Karakter sifat kualitatif
memiliki keragaman yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan karakter sifat kuantitatif.
Kandungan metabolit primer sumber daya genetik kacang-kacangan underutilized
yang diuji berkisar antara 16.72-31.29% protein, 0.35-14.94% lemak dan 26.67-
59.31% karbohidrat. Analisis molekuler menggunakan 11 primer ISSR berhasil
mengamplifikasi 80 pita DNA dengan tingkat polimorfisme 100%.
Hasil analisis gerombol pada 31 aksesi kacang-kacangan underutilized dan
satu varietas pembanding yang diuji berdasarkan penanda morfologi dan molekuler
ISSR mampu menjelaskan pengelompokan aksesi secara tegas pada tingkat
intraspesifik maupun interspesifik. Hal ini berarti deskriptor yang dikembangkan
maupun penanda molekuler yang digunakan mampu mengidentifikasi keragaman
genetik kacang-kacangan underutilized yang diuji. Penanda molekuler ISSR dapat
mengelompokkan sumber daya genetik kacang-kacangan underutilized yang diuji
berdasarkan asal geografis. Karakter yang informatif sebagai penciri morfologi
kacang-kacangan underutilized adalah karakter antosianin pada hipokotil, bulu
pada permukaan batang, bulu pada permukaan bawah daun, lebar daun terminal,
rasio panjang dan lebar daun terminal, panjang polong tua, pengkerutan polong tua
dan warna utama biji.
Keanekaragaman 31 aksesi kacang-kacangan underutilized dan satu varietas
pembanding berdasarkan penanda morfologi, metabolit dan ISSR menunjukkan
hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat antar jenis kacang-kacangan dengan tingkat
keragaman pada tingkat interspesik kurang dari 40% dan keragaman pada tingkat
intraspesifik kurang dari 25%. Hasil analisis komponen utama mendukung hasil
analisis gerombol. Persamaan hasil pengelompokan antara analisis morfologi dan
molekuler ISSR meningkatkan keakuratan informasi yang diperoleh dan
mencerminkan keragaman genetik sumber daya genetik kacang-kacangan
underutilized Indonesia yang diuji sehingga informasi yang diperoleh dapat
mendukung dalam pengembangan tanaman kacang-kacangan di masa yang akan
datang.
Kacang-kacangan underutilized yang dikategorikan potensial untuk dijadikan
sebagai alternatif pensubtitusi kedelai adalah kecipir. Hal ini dikarenakan kecipir
memiliki kandungan protein, lemak dan karbohidrat pada biji relatif sama dengan
kedelai, namun panjang polong, jumlah biji per polong, ukuran biji kecipir dan
bobot biji 100 g lebih tinggi kecipir dibandingkan kedelai. Berdasarkan kandungan
metabolit primer dan morfologi biji, kecipir aksesi PT3 memiliki kemiripan paling
tinggi dengan kedelai sehingga aksesi PT3 yang berasal dari Klaten tersebut dapat
dijadikan varietas lokal yang potensial dikembangkan menjadi varietas komersil
unggul
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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