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Relationships among milk fat content, energy balance and NDF intake in lactating ewes fed at pasture
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Effect of diet at different energy levels on milk casein composition of Girgentana goats differing in CSN1S1 genotype
No full textEighteen Girgentana lactating goats, nine homozygous for strong alleles (AA) and nine homozygous for weak alleles (FF) at α s1-casein (CSN1S1) locus, were used to evaluate the effect of genotype, diet and genotype×diet (G×D) interaction on the composition of goat milk caseins. Goats were used in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two genotypes (AA, FF) and two diets at different energy levels (high-energy diet (D65) and low-energy diet (D100)). The experiment consisted of two simultaneous 2×2 Latin squares for the two genotypes, with one square for each level of energy. Capillary electrophoresis was used for the determination of relative casein (CN) composition α s1-CN, κ-CN and β-CN yield was significantly higher with D65 than D100 (10.2 vs 7.2; 3.8 vs 2.6; 18.6 vs 13.6g/d, respectively). Genotype significantly affected (P0.05) was reported for κ-CN and β-CN yield. As concerning individual casein concentration, α s1-CN was higher for AA than FF goat (12.4 vs 1.5g/kg milk), whereas α s2-CN and β-CN were higher in FF than AA milk (4.3 vs 1.4; 15.6 vs 12.9g/kg, respectively); also κ-CN tended to be higher in FF goats. Diet did not significantly influence concentration of individual caseins. A significant G×D interaction was found only for α s1-CN concentration, which decreased (-10%) when AA goats shifted from D100 to D65. In conclusion, high energy input consistently improved total casein yield beside genotype. The higher casein yield of AA goats mainly depends on α s1-CN biosynthesis; moreover, the lower presence of α s1-CN in FF goat milk may be partially counterbalanced by the other caseins
Nutritional properties of small ruminant food products and their role on human health
No full textThe genetic polymorphisms in ewe and goat milk protein are of great importance as they are associated to quantitative and qualitative parameters and also may be responsible for the generation of bioactive peptides. In goat milk genetic polymorphisms also play a role in eliciting different degrees of allergic reaction in patients affected by cow milk protein allergy. Feeding strategies in lactating goats have been directed to investigate the relationship between diet and genotype. In sheep breeding feeding techniques as pasture, probiotic, vegetable and marine oils supplementation enhance nutritional properties of fat in milk, cheese and meat products. Technological strategies for cheese production have been set up to improve the health benefits trough probiotic and prebiotic adjunct. Experimental model and clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the impact of dairy products on human health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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