1,721,192 research outputs found
Network Analyses in Regional Health Care Research: Example of Dermatological Care in the Metropolitan Region of Hamburg,Netzwerkanalysen in der regionalen Versorgungsforschung: Das Beispiel der dermatologischen Versorgung in der Metropolregion Hamburg
No full textZiel der Studie: Übergeordnetes Ziel des Gesetzgebers ist es, eine „homogene“, flächendeckende und wohnortnahe medizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung sicher zu stellen. Zur Beschreibung der regionalen Versorgungssituation kann der Versorgungsgrad (Bedarfsplanungs-Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses) herangezogen werden, allerdings kann er keine Auskunft über die Erreichbarkeit des bspw. nächstgelegenen Arztes geben. Hierzu eignen sich Netzwerkanalysen. Mittels eines Fallbeispiels werden anhand der regionalen dermatologischen Versorgungssituation in der Metropolregion Hamburg Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Netzwerkanalysen zur Analyse der regionalen Versorgungssituation vorgestellt. Methodik: Um die regionale dermatologische Versorgungssituation einordnen zu können, wurde zunächst der Versorgungsgrad berechnet. Für die anschließende Netzwerkanalyse mussten die Dermatologen (N=357) in der Metropolregion nach Standorten (N=303) zusammengefasst werden. Vor der Berechnung wurden u. a. die Adressdaten der Ärzte in Koordinaten umgewandelt und Vorschriften (z. B. Geschwindigkeiten) des Netzwerkes festgelegt. Die Berechnung der bevölkerungsbezogenen Anteile der Erreichbarkeit basierte auf der Einwohnerdichte, die mit den Ergebnissen der Netzwerkanalyse verschnitten wurde. Ergebnisse: Trotz einer insgesamt guten Versorgungssituation sind die Unterschiede in der Erreichbarkeit des nächsten Dermatologen in der Metropolregion beträchtlich. Das ist vor allem dann der Fall, wenn der ÖPNV als Verkehrsmittel dient. Landkreise in denen über 60% der Einwohner mit dem ÖPNV länger als eine Stunde zum nächsten Dermatologen benötigen, wurden identifiziert. Insbesondere ländlich geprägte Regionen innerhalb der Metropolregion sind hiervon betroffen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Netzwerkanalyse hat deutlich gemacht, dass die Wahl bzw. Verfügbarkeit des Verkehrsmittels in Kombination mit dem Wohnort (ländlich/städtisch) von wesentlicher Bedeutung für den Zugang zur Versorgung ist. Vor allem ältere, wenig-mobile Menschen auf dem Lande sind damit benachteiligt. Daraus lässt sich die Notwendigkeit moderner Versorgungsansätze, wie bspw. der Telemedizin ableiten, um die Versorgungssituation im ländlichen Raum optimieren zu können. Netzwerkanalysen können einen wertvollen methodischen Beitrag zur Analyse regionaler Versorgungsdisparitäten leisten und bestehende Instrumente, wie den Versorgungsgrad, sinnvoll ergänzen.One of the overall objectives of the legislator is to ensure an overall “homogeneous”, and easily accessible medical care for the population. The physician-patient ratio can be used to describe the regional health care situation. But this method does not provide information concerning the availability of, for instance, the nearest doctor. Therefore, further parameters such as accessibility must be taken into consideration. For this purpose, network analyses are an appropriate method. The objective of this study is to present methodological tools to evaluate the healthcare situation in the metropolitan region of Hamburg, primarily focusing on accessibility using dermatologists as an example. Methods: Analyzing data of 20 counties, the geographical distribution of N=357 dermatologists and the physician-patient ratio were calculated. In a second step, a network analysis regarding accessibility was performed. In order to calculate accessibility, address data (physicians) were transformed into coordinates, consisting of defined places (N=303) and restrictions (e. g. speed, turn restrictions) of the network. The calculation of population-based accessibility is based on grid cells for the population density. Results: Despite adequacy of the overall medical situation, differences in the availability of the nearest dermatologists in the metropolitan region are remarkable, particularly when use of public transport is taken into consideration. In some counties, over 60% of the population require at least one hour to get to the nearest dermatologist using public transportation. In rural regions within the metropolitan area are particularly affected. Conclusion: The network analysis has shown that the choice and availability of transportation in combination with the location (rural/urban) is essential for health care access. Especially elderly people in rural areas with restricted mobility are at a disadvantage. Therefore, modern health care approaches (e. g. telemedicine) are necessary to optimize the health care situation in rural areas. Network analyses can make a valuable methodological contribution to the analysis of regional health care disparities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Get PDFGlobal mean sea level during the mid-Pliocene epoch (∼3 Ma), when CO2 and temperatures were above present levels, was notably higher than today due to reduced global ice sheet coverage. Nevertheless, the extent to which ice sheets responded to Pliocene warmth remains in question owing to high levels of uncertainty in proxy-based sea level reconstructions as well as solid Earth dynamic models that have been used to evaluate a limited number of data constraints. Here, we present a global dataset of 10 wave-cut scarps that formed by successive Pliocene sea level oscillations and which are observed today at elevations ranging from ∼6 to 109 m above sea level. The present-day elevations of these features have been identified using a combination of high-resolution digital elevation models and field mapping. Using the MATLAB interface TerraceM, we extrapolate the cliff and platform surfaces to determine the elevation of the scarp toe, which in most settings is buried under meters of talus. We correct the scarp-toe elevations for glacial isostatic adjustment and find that this process alone cannot explain observed differences in Pliocene paleo-shoreline elevations around the globe. We next determine the signal associated with mantle dynamic topography by back-advecting the present-day three-dimensional buoyancy structure of the mantle and calculating the difference in radial surface stresses over the last 3 Myr using the convection code ASPECT. We include a wide range of present-day mantle structures (buoyancy and viscosity) constrained by seismic tomography models, geodynamic observations, and rock mechanics laboratory experiments. Finally, we identify preferred dynamic topography change predictions based on their agreement with scarp elevations and use our most confident result to estimate a Pliocene global mean sea level based on one scarp from De Hoop, South Africa. This inference (11.6 ± 5.2 m) is a downward revision and may imply that ice sheets were relatively resistant to warm Pliocene climate conditions. We also conclude, however, that more targeted model development is needed to more reliably infer mid-Pliocene global mean sea level based on all scarps mapped in this study
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