500 research outputs found
The win odds: statistical inference and regression
No full textGeneralized pairwise comparisons and win statistics (i.e., win ratio, win odds and net benefit) are advantageous in analyzing and interpreting a composite of multiple outcomes in clinical trials. An important limitation of these statistics is their inability to adjust for covariates other than by stratified analysis. Because the win ratio does not account for ties, the win odds, a modification that includes ties, has attracted attention. We review and combine information on the win odds to articulate the statistical inferences for the win odds. We also show alternative variance estimators based on the exact permutation and bootstrap as well as statistical inference via the probabilistic index. Finally, we extend multiple-covariate regression probabilistic index models to the win odds with a univariate outcome. As an illustration we apply the regression models to the data in the CHARM trial.The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article
Triumph or Treaty: Exploring the Impact of Conflict Termination Outcomes on Refugee Return
No full textRefugee return is a crucial part of ending conflicts and achieving lasting peace. Studies indicate that the dynamics of post-conflict developments influence refugees' decisions to return. However, there are gaps in understanding how the conflict termination influences refugee return rates. My thesis addresses these gaps by examining the impact of conflict termination outcomes on refugee return, using credible commitment and trust-based causal pathways. I argue that peace agreements promote higher return rates by enhancing perceptions of commitment to peace and trust in post-conflict stability among the refugees. Using a global time-series cross-sectional dataset and zero-inflated negative binomial regression with fixed effect (FE) estimator, the findings show that peace agreements, rebel victories, and low-conflict activity correlate with higher refugee return rates, while provisions that improve local political and security conditions are also strong predictors. Nonetheless, this thesis challenges the dominant assumption that peace agreements are uniquely effective by suggesting that return may also be influenced by alternative outcomes that impact security and political changes, even in the absence of conflict resolution. This thesis contributes to the study of conflict termination and forced migration by offering new theoretical, empirical, and practical insights into how refugees respond to the outcomes of conflict termination
Triumph or Treaty: Exploring the Impact of Conflict Termination Outcomes on Refugee Return
No full textRefugee return is a crucial part of ending conflicts and achieving lasting peace. Studies indicate that the dynamics of post-conflict developments influence refugees' decisions to return. However, there are gaps in understanding how the conflict termination influences refugee return rates. My thesis addresses these gaps by examining the impact of conflict termination outcomes on refugee return, using credible commitment and trust-based causal pathways. I argue that peace agreements promote higher return rates by enhancing perceptions of commitment to peace and trust in post-conflict stability among the refugees. Using a global time-series cross-sectional dataset and zero-inflated negative binomial regression with fixed effect (FE) estimator, the findings show that peace agreements, rebel victories, and low-conflict activity correlate with higher refugee return rates, while provisions that improve local political and security conditions are also strong predictors. Nonetheless, this thesis challenges the dominant assumption that peace agreements are uniquely effective by suggesting that return may also be influenced by alternative outcomes that impact security and political changes, even in the absence of conflict resolution. This thesis contributes to the study of conflict termination and forced migration by offering new theoretical, empirical, and practical insights into how refugees respond to the outcomes of conflict termination
Eigenvalues for Moderately Damped Linear Systems Determined by Eigensensitivity Analysis
No full textBeyond Federalism? : Inclusion, Citizenship, and Minorities Without Territory in Myanmar's Spring Revolution
No full textMyanmar’s unofficial minorities encompass diverse religious and ethnic groups excluded from Myanmar’s list of 135 officially recognised “national races.” They face exclusion due to their citizenship status as well as societal prejudices and entrenched discrimination against minority communities. Yet, debates over politics, federalism, and power-sharing in Myanmar primarily concern the relationship between the officially recognised ethnic minorities and the majority Bamar population. The Spring Revolution has opened the door to “rethink federalism,” suggesting that moving beyond historically entrenched binaries of unity or ethnonational federalism may be on the table. Understanding how unofficial minorities face discrimination and disenfranchisement as well as inclusion, is imperative in not only imagining a new political system following a successful Spring Revolution, but in expanding the revolutionary process. Yet, discussions related to minorities and diversity have centred on the pre-coup model of ethno-nationalist federalism as a post-revolution power-sharing arrangement. With minority rights tied to increased autonomy for minority-dominated territories, how do minorities without territory meaningfully participate in or benefit from the revolution? How can the recognition of Myanmar’s unofficial minorities – an estimated 10% of the population – be ensured? “Rethinking federalism” highlights relationships between territory, citizenship, and belonging in the Spring Revolution
Alcohol Consumption and Current Situation of Drinking Risk Level Among University Students in Mandalay Region
No full textBackground: In Myanmar, alcohol consumption among university students had been recognized as a major public health concern. A cross-sectional study was done to investigate drinking alcohol and risk level assessment using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and examined the reasons of alcohol uses and types of beverage preference consumed.
Methods: The two universities from three districts in Mandalay region were randomly selected, from which 976 students (stratified by academic year and sex) were contributed in self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The mean age at first drinking alcohol among the participants was 16.36_0.15 years with range of 16 to 19 years. The drinking risk level assessment using the AUDIT test, nearly half of the participants 48.7% were abstainers and 86 (8.8%) were high risk drinkers while 28 (2.9%) had alcohol dependency. Among those, 57.8% had experiences of alcohol drinking and the favorite beverage of the university students who drink alcohol was beer. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, smoking habit and living situation for drinking were significant predictors of alcohol consumption among university students. The results found out that living separately with parents and smoking habits were important factors for drinking alcohol with statistically significant at 95% confidence level.
Conclusion: It provided evidence-based findings for knowing the alcohol consumption risk level among university students to prevent social deprivation and health risk behaviors. Findings from this study indicate a need for law governing, strictly prohibits the sale of alcohol directly or indirectly to those under the age of eighteen years. The alcohol intervention program can be helpful in modifying behaviors change communication in health promotion of university students.
Keywords: Alcohol consumption, AUDIT test, drinking risk level, university students and binary logistic regression
Received: 12 April 2019 Reviewed: 18 June 2019 Revised: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 8 July 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-3358
The Environmental Issues Relating to Packaging in the UK Food Sector
No full textThis dissertation's objective is to explore a practical and cost-effective way to alleviate the environmental burden coming from food and food packaging industries, to establish a win-win solution between the call for environmental-friendly packaging and the producers' actual cost. To achieve this aim, the author implemented both primary and secondary research methods, and has recorded her findings according to these two kinds of researches in Chapter 4. Combining the findings with her academic background, the author gives her recommendations from industry logistics and supply chain perspectives.
Environmental issues have been a serious topic in the food packaging industry in recent years. The previous researches are mainly based on food packaging's chemical ingredients or analyzing packaging as an isolated entity. This dissertation is based on these established outcomes, analyzing food packaging as a sub-system of the food supply chain, and measuring its environmental influences from its four functions. The author tries to find out features within packaging's functions which have relations with the environment. On the primary research aspect, the writer implemented an email interview with a food producer, and obtained the first-hand information from the producer on their views of environmental-friendly packaging.
Based on the findings, the author's suggestions are to further deepen green packaging concepts in the packaging design phase, and implement lean techniques more comprehensively in packaging production; and finally she introduces reverse logistics on the packaging re-processing stage. These new concepts in the area of business logistics and supply chain can assist the food packaging industry to become cleaner and more effective and efficient
The Environmental Issues Relating to Packaging in the UK Food Sector
No full textThis dissertation's objective is to explore a practical and cost-effective way to alleviate the environmental burden coming from food and food packaging industries, to establish a win-win solution between the call for environmental-friendly packaging and the producers' actual cost. To achieve this aim, the author implemented both primary and secondary research methods, and has recorded her findings according to these two kinds of researches in Chapter 4. Combining the findings with her academic background, the author gives her recommendations from industry logistics and supply chain perspectives.
Environmental issues have been a serious topic in the food packaging industry in recent years. The previous researches are mainly based on food packaging's chemical ingredients or analyzing packaging as an isolated entity. This dissertation is based on these established outcomes, analyzing food packaging as a sub-system of the food supply chain, and measuring its environmental influences from its four functions. The author tries to find out features within packaging's functions which have relations with the environment. On the primary research aspect, the writer implemented an email interview with a food producer, and obtained the first-hand information from the producer on their views of environmental-friendly packaging.
Based on the findings, the author's suggestions are to further deepen green packaging concepts in the packaging design phase, and implement lean techniques more comprehensively in packaging production; and finally she introduces reverse logistics on the packaging re-processing stage. These new concepts in the area of business logistics and supply chain can assist the food packaging industry to become cleaner and more effective and efficient
Beyond Federalism? [Elektronisk resurs] : Inclusion, Citizenship, and Minorities Without Territory in Myanmar's Spring Revolution
No full textMyanmar’s unofficial minorities encompass diverse religious and ethnic groups excluded from Myanmar’s list of 135 officially recognised “national races.” They face exclusion due to their citizenship status as well as societal prejudices and entrenched discrimination against minority communities. Yet, debates over politics, federalism, and power-sharing in Myanmar primarily concern the relationship between the officially recognised ethnic minorities and the majority Bamar population. The Spring Revolution has opened the door to “rethink federalism,” suggesting that moving beyond historically entrenched binaries of unity or ethnonational federalism may be on the table. Understanding how unofficial minorities face discrimination and disenfranchisement as well as inclusion, is imperative in not only imagining a new political system following a successful Spring Revolution, but in expanding the revolutionary process. Yet, discussions related to minorities and diversity have centred on the pre-coup model of ethno-nationalist federalism as a post-revolution power-sharing arrangement. With minority rights tied to increased autonomy for minority-dominated territories, how do minorities without territory meaningfully participate in or benefit from the revolution? How can the recognition of Myanmar’s unofficial minorities – an estimated 10% of the population – be ensured? “Rethinking federalism” highlights relationships between territory, citizenship, and belonging in the Spring Revolution
Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Pollen Germination and Spikelet Sterility in Improved Rice Varieties
No full textGlobal warming is expected to increase the occurrence of heat induced spikelet sterility (HISS) in rice. However, there are few field-scale studies that could aid in predicting the potential risks to rice yield and developing countermeasures against yield losses. Therefore, this study was carried out to iden-tify the effect of high temperature on pollen fertility and spikelet sterility in improved rice genotypes and to assess the heat tolerance genotypes among the improved rice varieties during 2016 summer rice sea-son with twelve improved rice varieties in the field of Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Ecology with Randomized Complete Block design. The tested varieties were sown three different times to ensure engaged with high temperature stress at flowering time. The microclimate, pollination and spikelet sterility were examined. During observation periods the maximum air temperature was more than 35 °C, at that time the relative humidity was reduced (19-32 %) with high wind speeds (2–4 m s-1). Under such condition, there was supported microclimate for stable pollination even the temperature more than 35 °C. The average duration of high temperature above 35 °C was around 8 hours. Similarly the average nighttime temperature (7:00 pm – 7:00 am) was ranged 27-32 °C. Among tested genotypes, Thu Kha Yin, Shwe Thwe Yin, Zi Yar 9 and Shwe Ma Naw had higher seed set percentage (around 58-75 %). The results revealed that these four genotypes were promising genotypes for future breeding pro-gram related to heat toleranc
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