1,878 research outputs found
CLIENT PERCEPTION ON MICROFINANCE ACTIVIRIES OF AUNG NAING TOE CO-OPERATION SEOCITY ( Lwin Ma Ma Latt, 2019)
No full textThis study attempt to investigates client perception on Microfinance Activities of Aung Naing Toe Microfinance Society, Microfinance plays a crucial tool for property reduction in Myanmar. This study aims to identified client perception on Microfinance Activities and to analyze the client perception on Microfinance activities of Aung Naing Toe Microfinance society. five areas of service qualify dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy is used for this for accessing service quality of Aung Naing Toe Microfinance .This Framework is only focus on measuring client perception between customer’s perceived service quality performance and expectation on service of Aung Naing Toe Microfinance by client.
To determine client perception, the demographics statistics method is applied to achieve objective of the study. The primary data is collected from 120 respondents who are randomly selected from Aung Naing Toe Microfinance Society in Dagon Seikkan Township,Yangon. Random Sampling method is used complete structural questionnaires.
The finding shows that user are satisfied with the responsiveness of the Aung Naing Toe Co-operative Society. Moreover the user perceive the service quality of service positively clients satisfy the Aung Naing Toe Microfinance and relationship of service quality satisfied by the clients.
Among the customer perception of five dimension offered by Aung Naing Toe Microfinance Assurance is the most satisfactory dimension and its leads to trust and confidence upon Aung Naing Toe Microfinance institution. However tangible is the weakest dimension for customer perception in this study .
All in all the study highlighted client perception of Aung Naing Toe Microfinance. Thus study pointed out customer specific needs should be understood for the progress of service quality Aung Naing Toe Microfinance should know perception to standardize relevant services. Aung Naing Toe management should support effective training on personal finance Loan should be systematically borrowed to improved better cash flow for Aung Naing Toe Microfinance and it customers
Role of village volunteer group for community development in Htan Tabin Township ( Aung lwin Toe, 2020)
No full textVillage Volunteer Groups were local non-profit organizations. After the exit of the donor agencies, the roles of the VVGs have become very important for the sustainability of community development in the communities. This study aims to identify the role of Village Volunteer Groups (VVGs) and their community development activities and to examine the challenges and opportunities of VVGs. Primary data were collected from (206) VVG members, using the Simple Random Sampling method with a structured questionnaire from 15 villages out of 51 villages in the township of Htan Tabin. VVGs were the main players of all development projects. Community leading VVG formation process was good practice because it can promote ownership sense. The contribution and participation of the community were one of the motivating factors in the sense of ownership. The activities of the VVGs focused on the village revolving fund because it was very effective and efficient for the villages. VVGs should themselves projects income generating activities in order to reduce dependency on the donors. VVGs members improved the level of knowledge, the level of skills, increased self-confidence and family decision- making following participation in VVGs activities. Htan Tabin Township can go to sustainable development in the future
Author Correction: Linking human male vocal parameters to perceptions, body morphology, strength and hormonal profiles in contexts of sexual selection
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Toe structures of rubble mound breakwater: Stability in depth limited conditions
No full textThis thesis is about the stability of toe material for rubble mound breakwaters in depth limited conditions. The present equation, Van der Meer 1998, gives results for depth limited conditions but is not validated. The empirical equation is based on physical model tests done by Gerding 1993. The Van der Meer equation implies deep water and breaking waves on the structure slope. For shallow water conditions this assumption is not valid. Waves start breaking at the fore shore slope and toe which results in a different hydrodynamical wave load at the toe. Toe material is exposed to waves and starts behaving as armour rock. The uncertainties, introduced by shallow water situation are investigated in this research. The objective for this thesis is finding a more reliable design equation in this situation. Fore shore slope and wave steepness are considered of influence. The research is done by performing scale model tests in a two dimensional wave flume. The observations from the experiments and the analysis of the performed dataset gave following conclusions: Fore shore slope is strongly influencing toe stability. This is not only valid in shallow water but also in deep water. In shallow water, wave steepness influences toe stability as well. This is not proven for deep water. Very shallow water shows different hydrodynamic behaviour. Wave breaking occurs at the fore shore. The toe structure is attacked by breaking or already broken waves. Although a reduced wave height reaches the toe, damage is larger because the toe is exposed to turbulent wave attack. A new design equation for very shallow water is suggested in which fore shore slope and wave steepness are included. This is an empirical relation, using dimensionless relations like the Hudson stability number and a new damage number in percentages.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Scour below the toe of breakwaters: Investigation of scour formation through a geometrically open filter configuration located at the toe of a rubble mound breakwater lying upon sand
No full textScour formation at the toe of a rubble mound breakwater can lead to abrupt failure. Nowadays, counteraction of scour via geometrically closed filter rules, geotextiles or combinations is the common practice. Alternatively, in specific cases the use of geometrically open filters can save significant amount of time and decrease constructional costs. As a primary step towards this direction, the prediction of scour formation through a geometrically open filter can provide important information. Nevertheless, at this moment the knowledge upon this issue is insufficient and limited. A variety of recommendations occurs in literature, separately for toe design/scour protection and for the application of open filter criteria; however none of the studies treats these subjects combined. Therefore the objective of the present thesis is to get insight into scour formation and development through a breakwater toe lying upon sand and designed as a geometrically open filter. Thereby the research aims in drawing the link between scour characteristics with wave loading and filter configuration properties. In order to accomplish the research objective 2D physical model tests were conducted in the 25m long, 1m deep and 0.6m wide wave flume of DMC, installed in the company’s laboratory. In total, 23 tests were executed with irregular waves (Jonswap spectrum) and by varying wave loading and filter configuration properties. In particular, 5 different filter/base layer combinations were examined and 3 different wave conditions were used to investigate the effects of relative grain diameter, relative filter thickness, grading of filter layer, base layer stability Number and storm duration. Quantification of damage magnitude was accomplished via laser profile measurements of filter and base layer prior and after the execution of each test. Furthermore, wave particle velocity climate was determined via the use of an Electromagnetic Flow Meter (EMS) placed at the center of the toe. Finally, temporal evolution scour was captured through the side glass and was examined by digitizing and analyzing snap-shots from predefined time steps. Test results and observations have revealed the highly spatial character of scour formation. Nevertheless, tests with identical boundary conditions showed a surprising convergence in averaged maximum scour depth magnitude. In addition, in the majority of tests an S-curve erosion/deposition pattern was shaped while erosion started immediately at the downstream side of the box threatening breakwater stability. Equilibrium maximum scour depth was reached for less than half the data set; thus erosion process was still in progress. Based on this, two approaches were developed to investigate temporal evolution of scour. Furthermore, dimensional analysis and literature review have revealed the most important parameters that have significant effect in scour formation; their combination has led to the formation of a prediction tool. However, combination of the results from tests with different base materials would not be possible without the introduction of the base material stability Number (critical Shields’ Number). The derived tool is an empirical expression with limited physical background and range of validity. Additionally, it overestimates maximum scour depth due to a serious model effect; the different buoyancy between filter and base layer that was causing initial damage and damage exaggeration. Nevertheless, it is capable of delineating the relative contribution of each parameter in scour depth formation. For an overall view of scour formation, further research will be needed to provide a more accurate quantification of the interrelation between parameters that play a role in scour formation and development, and to implement the effect of missing parameters. Consequently the use of the derived expression as a scour prediction tool in real life is not yet recommended.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Supplemental_material - Operational Sex Ratio Predicts Binge Drinking Across U.S. Counties
No full textSupplemental_material for Operational Sex Ratio Predicts Binge Drinking Across U.S. Counties by Toe Aung, Susan M. Hughes, Liana S. E. Hone and David A. Puts in Evolutionary Psychology</p
Toe structure for rubble mound breakwaters: Analysis of toe bund design tools and a method for toe rock stability description
No full textThis thesis investigates the stability of rocks in toe bunds for rubble mound breakwaters. Presently recommended design tools lack a reasonable degree of accuracy to assess required toe element dimensions. The goal of this research is to improve the insight in the physical process related to stability of toe bund elements under wave load. Analysis of presently recommended methods led to the following conclusions: a. The formula of Van der Meer is no improvement of the formula of Gerding. b. Both methods use an inappropriate relation between stability and damage. c. The method of Van der Meer may often underestimate the required toe rock size. A new hypothesis is formulated to describe toe rock stability. The concept for the model of this study is based on two steps: Step 1: Assessment of the local water motions at the toe bund. The amplitude of local velocity is calculated by summation of the contributions of the incoming wave and down rush, taking a phase difference into account. Step 2: Description of the critical load on a toe rock. The Rance/Warren stability criterion is used with a theoretical adaptation that accounts for porous outflow. Coupling these two steps implies that a rock will move if the occurring velocity exceeds the critical velocity. An evaluation of the hypothesis is performed and the model is fitted to available test data. The accuracy of stability assessment is increased with respect to previous methods. The model of this study has more resemblance to the test data and can be used to predict the required toe rock size in design. This is verified for the applicability range of the data set of Gerding.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Onychomycosis in Foot and Toe Malformations
No full textIntroduction: It has long been accepted that trauma is one of the most important and frequent predisposing factors for onychomycoses. However, the role of direct trauma in the pathogenesis of fungal nail infections has only recently been elucidated in a series of 32 cases of post-traumatic single-digit onychomycosis. The importance of repeated trauma due to foot and toe abnormalities was rarely investigated. Aimof the study: This is a multicenter single-author observational study over a period of 6 years performed at specialized nail clinics in three countries. All patient photographs taken by the author during this period were screened for toenail alterations, and all toe onychomycosis cases were checked for whether they contained enough information to evaluate potential foot and toe abnormalities. Particular attention was paid to the presence of hallux valgus, hallux valgus interphalangeus, hallux erectus, inward rotation of the big toe, and outward rotation of the little toe, as well as splay foot. Only cases with unequivocal proof of fungal nail infection by either histopathology, mycologic culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were accepted. Results: Of 1653 cases, 185 were onychomycoses, proven by mycologic culture, PCR, or histopathology. Of these, 179 involved at least one big toenail, and 6 affected one or more lesser toenails. Three patients consulted us for another toenail disease, and onychomycosis was diagnosed as a second disease. Eight patients had a pronounced tinea pedum. Relatively few patients had a normal big toe position (n = 9). Most of the cases had a mild to marked hallux valgus (HV) (105) and a hallux valgus interphalangeus (HVI) (143), while hallux erectus was observed in 43 patients, and the combination of HV and HVI was observed 83 times. Discussion: The very high percentage of foot and toe deformations was surprising. It may be hypothesized that this is not only a pathogenetically important factor but may also play an important role in the localization of the fungal infection, as no marked hallux deviation was noted in onychomycoses that affected the lesser toes only. As the management of onychomycoses is a complex procedure involving the exact diagnosis with a determination of the pathogenic fungus, the nail growth rate, the type of onychomycosis, its duration, and predisposing factors, anomalies of the toe position may be important. Among the most commonly mentioned predisposing factors are peripheral circulatory insufficiency, venous stasis, peripheral neuropathy, immune deficiency, and iatrogenic immunosuppression, whereas foot problems are not given enough attention. Unfortunately, many of these predisposing and aggravating factors are difficult to treat or correct. Generally, when explaining the treatment of onychomycoses to patients, the importance of these orthopedic alterations is not or only insufficiently discussed. In view of the problems encountered with the treatment of toenail mycoses, this attitude should be changed in order to make the patient understand why there is such a low cure rate despite excellent minimal inhibitory drug concentrations in the laboratory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Toe structure stability of rubble mound breakwaters
No full textIn this report an analysis of data from a series of tests is presented on the stability of the toe structure of rubble mound breakwaters. The existing knowledge on toe stability and the influence of all governing parameters in the existing knowledge is reviewed. The tests which were performed for the present research are treated extensively. The main governing parameters, which determine toe stability in rubble mound breakwaters, are: Significant wave height : Hs Nominal stone diameter : Dn50 Stone mass density : ρ s Depth above the toe : ht Damage level : Nod Parameters investigated which appeared to have no significant influence are: the fictitious wave steepness sop and the width of the toe structure bt. The choice of the governing parameters, the definition of damage levels for the design of the toe structure and the way they are made dimensionless are motivated. The results from the present tests are compared with existing design formula. With the selected parameters two formulas have been derived from the available test data. One describes toe stability using the shallow water significant wave height Hs the other uses the shallow water 2% wave height H2%. The formulas are compared with existing test results and their range of application is given.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
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