1,721,057 research outputs found
Simulation et formation
No full textEn quelques années, la formation par la simulation s’est banalisée sans toujours avoir suffisamment subi l’analyse critique de la recherche en sciences de l’éducation. En effet, en arrière-plan de ce développement récent de la simulation en formation, se trouvent souvent la fascination pour les simulateurs techniques ou des considérations économiques. Il est vrai aussi que la multiplication et l’accroissement des performances des interfaces numériques, la prolifération des écrans, l’accroissement des capacités de traitement des données complexes et massives par informatique et le développement de toutes les formes de robotisation comptent sans doute pour beaucoup dans cet engouement. Les articles de ce dossier examinent et analysent non seulement le recours à la simulation dans différents contextes professionnels de formation, mais ils interrogent également la pertinence des dispositifs mis en œuvre, les pratiques observées et les situations engendrées. Que ce soit en santé, dans la formation technique et industrielle ou dans la formation au pilotage, la simulation apparaît comme un moyen de jouer avec la réalité pour en retenir les situations qui présentent les analogies les plus opportunes à la formation ce qui permet également d’en mesurer les limites. Over the last few years, simulation-based training has become commonplace, although it has not yet been sufficiently analysed within the field of educational research. Indeed, the recent development of simulation training has been often driven by fascination with technical simulators or by economic considerations. The development of digital interfaces and their ever-increasing performance, the proliferation of screens, the ability of computers to process increasingly complex mass data, and the development of industrial and personal robots have also contributed to this enthusiasm. The articles in this issue examine and analyse not only the use of simulation in different professional training contexts, but they also question the relevance of the mechanisms implemented, the practices observed and the situations generated. Whether in healthcare, in technical and industrial training or in flight training, simulation offers a means of playing with reality so as to select those simulated situations which are most appropriate for training
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Professional networks : tools of professional empowerment ?
No full textCette thèse vise à appréhender les possibilités et les contraintes induites par LinkedIn en termes de « représentation de soi » chez les professionnels des ressources humaines. La recension de la littérature permet de mettre en évidence deux grandes catégories d’utilisation d’un profil LinkedIn : l’utilisation individuelle et l’utilisation institutionnelle. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que le profil pourrait potentiellement permettre à l’individu d’accroître son efficacité au travail, de divulguer son image à un grand nombre de personnes, de développer des relations avec d’autres professionnels ou de développer la confiance en soi. Une première typologie d’utilisateurs est proposée à partir de la sociologie des RSNP. Une analyse sémiotique de profils LinkedIn et des entretiens de recherche compréhensifs ont permis de valider une typologie des usagers du réseau LinkedIn. Les résultats montrent qu’un clivage entre deux grands types d’utilisation semble se dessiner. L’utilisation institutionnelle fait apparaître une forme d’empowerment tournée vers l’efficacité au travail tandis que l’utilisation individuelle est propice à la médiatisation de soi.This doctoral dissertation focuses on the use of professional network services by Human Resource staff registered on LinkedIn. The aim is to understand the new possibilities and the constraints induced by the RSNP in terms of "self-representation". The literature review shows that a LinkedIn profile can be used in two main ways : for individual and institutional uses. Moreover, it appears that the profile could potentially allow users to increase their efficiency at work by making their image known to a large number of people, to develop relationships with other professionals or develop self-confidence. An initial typology of users is proposed based on the sociology of PNS. A semiotic analysis of LinkedIn profiles and comprehensive research interviews also validate a typology of users. The results show that a cleavage between two major types of use seems to appear. The common purpose of institutional use is to be more efficient at work. At the same time, individual use mainly pursues an objective of self-mediatization
Curriculum architecture : an uncertain practice : the case of an educational reform of vocational training in Luxembourg
No full textLes pratiques de « développement curriculaire » ou l’élaboration des programmes, sont au cœur des processus des réformes scolaires actuelles. Dans le cadre de la réforme de la formation professionnelle au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, il nous a été permis d’observer de près cette « fabrique des programmes scolaires ». Les acteurs politiques et institutionnels y définissent les contenus et les finalités des savoirs à enseigner lesquels auront une influence sur la nature des apprentissages et sur le devenir des élèves. Au travers du discours des différents acteurs impliqués, émanant de différents secteurs socio-professionnels, cette recherche a pour but de comprendre comment se réalise ce processus en s’appuyant sur la métaphore de l’architecture. La mobilisation d’un grand nombre de personnes autour d’un projet de réforme scolaire, centré sur l’approche par compétences, nous a amenée à procéder à de nombreux entretiens et à la confronter aux documents qui encadrent ce processus. Cette thèse permet donc d’apporter un éclairage sur la manière par laquelle les constructeurs de curricula élaborent les textes, débattent, entrent parfois en conflit lors des différentes phases de la construction. La métaphore architecturale s’avère fructueuse et fait apparaître la complexité des missions d’une maîtrise d’œuvre qui s’avère non consensuelle, hybride et singulière.Curriculum development practices are at the heart of current school reform processes. In the context of a competency-based school reform in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, we were able to observe this "curriculum factory" closely. The political and institutional actors define the learning contents and objectives, which will have an influence on the skills to develop and for the future of the students. Through interviews conducted with various actors involved, from different socio-professional sectors, this research aims to understand how this process is carried out, using the metaphor of architecture.The mobilization of a large number of people around an educational reform project, centered on the competency-based approach, led us to carry out numerous interviews and to compare it with the frame documents of this process. This research therefore aims to enlighten the path on which curriculum builders elaborate documents, debate and sometimes come into conflict during the different phases of construction. The architectural metaphor proves to be fruitful and reveals the complexity of a project management missions that turns out to be nonconsensual, hybrid and singular
Towards a comprehensive model of learning processes and experience within communities of practice
No full textInvestissements d'Avenir IDEFI (Initiatives d'excellence en formations innovantes
- …
