1,720,995 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gender Differences Across Major Relationship Phases: The Role of Emotional Support and Age
No full textZahlreiche Studien deuten darauf hin, dass Männer im Vergleich zu Frauen eher nach Beziehungen streben, stärker von ihnen profitieren, seltener Trennungen initiieren, aber nach einer Trennung mehr leiden. Eine systematische Synthese dieser Befunde fehlt jedoch. Die geringere emotionale Unterstützung von Männern durch Freundschaften und Familie wurde als möglicher Mechanismus diskutiert, jedoch fehlen längsschnittliche Belege. Zudem ist wenig darüber bekannt, ob sich die Unterschiede mit dem Alter verändern. Diese Dissertation entwickelt ein theoretisches Modell, das Geschlechterunterschiede über vier wichtige Beziehungsphasen hinweg integriert (Beziehungsbeginn, Beziehungseinbindung, Trennung, Trennungsnachwirkungen) und Erklärungsfaktoren vorschlägt, mit Fokus auf Vertrautheitsbedürfnisse und emotionale Unterstützung. In zwei längsschnittlichen Studien testeten wir die Modellannahmen und untersuchten, ob das Alter Effekte moderiert. Eine Studie konzentrierte sich auf junge und mittelalte Erwachsene, die andere auf mittelalte und ältere Erwachsene. Wir fokussierten uns auf Geschlechterunterschiede im Trennungsprozess und Wohlbefindensauswirkungen, untersuchten aber auch darüber hinaus, ob Geschlechterunterschiede in den Wohlbefindensveränderungen beim Übergang ins Zusammenleben oder in die Ehe bestehen. Wie erwartet trennten sich Frauen häufiger, während Männer sich nach Trennungen eher eine Partnerschaft wünschten. Wir fanden teils Hinweise auf einen ungünstigeren Trennungseffekt auf das Wohlbefinden der Männer. Unabhängig vom Geschlecht war das Zusammenziehen mit verbessertem Wohlbefinden verbunden, die Ehe jedoch nicht. Wir fanden keine Belege dafür, dass emotionale Unterstützung zu den Geschlechtereffekten beiträgt oder altersbedingte Unterschiede bestehen. Wir diskutieren die Implikationen unserer Ergebnisse für die Rolle von Geschlecht, emotionaler Unterstützung und Alter über zentrale Beziehungsphasen hinweg und skizzieren Ideen für zukünftige Forschung.Numerous studies suggest that, compared to women, men are more likely to strive for relationships, benefit more from them, are less likely to initiate breakups, but suffer more following dissolution. However, a systematic synthesis of these findings is still lacking. Men`s lower levels of emotional support from friends and family have been proposed as a mechanism for the effects, yet longitudinal evidence is missing. Furthermore, little is known about whether the differences between men and women vary with age. This thesis develops a theoretical model integrating gender differences across four major relationship phases (relationship formation, relationship involvement, relationship dissolution, and relationship aftermath) and proposes contributing factors, focusing on intimacy needs and emotional support. We tested the model’s assumptions and examined whether age moderates these effects in two longitudinal studies: one focusing on young and middle-aged adults, and the other on middle-aged and older adults. We focused on gender differences in the separation process and its well-being consequences but also expanded beyond the theoretical model’s initial scope by examining gender differences in well-being changes with transitions into cohabitation and marriage. As expected, we found that women were more likely to initiate separation, whereas men were more likely to desire a partner following separation. We also found partial evidence for a more adverse effect of separation on men`s well-being. Regardless of gender, moving in with a partner was linked to increased well-being, whereas marriage was not. We found no evidence for a contribution of emotional support to the observed gender effects or age-related variation in these effects. We discuss the implications of our findings for the role of gender, emotional support, and age across major relationship phases and outline ideas for future research
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The role of fearful spells as risk factors for panic pathology and other mental disorders: A prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults from the community
Full text linkBackground. Previous research suggests that individuals experiencing DSM-IV panic attacks (PA) are at increased risk for various forms of psychopathology, including anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders. However, little is known regarding whether the sole occurrence of fearful spells (FS-only; distressing spells of anxiety with less than four panic symptoms and/or lacking crescendo in symptom onset) similarly elevates the risk for subsequent psychopathology and could therefore be promising to identify high-risk groups for targeted preventive interventions. Thus, the current dissertation thesis aims to examine (a) whether FS-only predict incident mental disorders in addition to full-blown PA and whether their associations with subsequent psychopathology differ from those obtained for PA, (b) whether FS-only, PA, and panic disorder (PD) share similar etiologies, (c) which characteristics of initial FS/PA and other risk factors predict a progression to more severe panic pathology and other mental disorders, and (d) whether help-seeking/potential treatment in individuals with panic alters the risk for subsequent psychopathology.
Methods. A representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (N=3021, aged 14-24 at baseline) was prospectively followed up in up to three assessment waves over a time period of up to 10 years. FS-only, PA, PD, and other mental disorders were assessed at each assessment wave using the DSM-IV-M-CIDI. Additional modules/questionnaires were used to assess characteristics of initial FS/PA (T1/T2), potential risk factors, and help-seeking/potential treatment. Logistic regressions were applied to test associations (Odds Ratios, OR) of FS-only and PA at baseline with incident mental disorders at follow-up as well as respective interactive effects with help-seeking at baseline. Associations (Hazard Ratios, HR) of putative risk factors with the onset of panic pathology (FS-only, PA, and PD) or the onset of subsequent anxiety/depressive vs. substance use disorders in those with panic pathology (aggregated data across assessment waves) were estimated with Cox regressions. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to test associations of initial FS/PA characteristics (aggregated from T1 and T2) with PA and PD (lifetime incidences aggregated across assessment waves).
Results.
FS-only at baseline predicted incident anxiety and depressive disorders at follow-up (OR 1.59-4.36), while PA at baseline predicted incident anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders at follow-up (OR 2.08-8.75; reference group: No FS/PA). Merely any anxiety disorder (OR=3.26) and alcohol abuse/dependence (OR=2.26) were significantly more strongly associated with PA than with FS-only. Female sex, parental anxiety disorders, parental depressive disorders, behavioral inhibition, harm avoidance, lower coping efficacy, and parental rejection predicted FS-only, PA, and PD (HR 1.2-3.0), whereas the associations with other risk factors partially differed for FS-only, PA, and PD and tended to be more pronounced for PA and PD than for FS-only.
Alcohol consumption, use of drugs/medication, and physical illness as perceived reasons for the initial FS/PA were associated with the occurrence of full-blown PA (without PD, OR 2.46-5.44), while feelings of anxiety/depression and having always been anxious/nervous as perceived reasons for the initial FS/PA, appraising the initial FS/PA as terrible and long-term irritating/burdensome, subsequent feelings of depression, avoidance of situations/places, and consumption of medication, alcohol, or drugs were associated with the development of PD (OR 2.64-4.15). A longer duration until “feeling okay again” was associated with both PA and PD (OR 1.29-1.63 per category). Moreover, partially different risk constellations in subjects with panic pathology (FS/PA/PD) predicted the onset of subsequent anxiety/depressive vs. substance use disorders. Panic pathology (FS/PA) and help-seeking/potential treatment at baseline interacted on predicting incident PD (OR=0.09) and depression (OR=0.22) at follow-up in a way that panic pathology only predicted these disorders in individuals not seeking help at baseline.
Conclusions. Findings suggest that individuals with FS-only are at similar risk of developing subsequent psychopathology compared to individuals with full-blown PA. Specific initial FS/PA characteristics and additional risk factors may be used to identify sub-groups of individuals with panic pathology, which are at particular risk of progressing to more severe panic pathology or other mental disorders and might therefore profit from supplemental outcome-related preventive interventions in addition to panic-specific treatment. Future research may replicate the current findings and test the efficacy of targeted preventive interventions in panickers at elevated risk for PD and other forms of psychopathology.:CONTENT
0 Synopsis 10
1 Introduction 13
1.1 Current challenges in clinical psychology 13
1.2 Psychological models of mental disorders 13
1.3 Diagnostic approaches to psychopathology 15
1.4 Methodological issues 16
1.5 Preventive and early treatment interventions 17
2 Panic pathology 18
2.1 Definitions 18
2.2 Epidemiology 19
2.3 Etiology 20
2.4 Physiological, neurobiological, and genetic findings 21
2.5 Unresolved issues 22
3 Aims 24
4 Methods 26
5 Study I: Associations of fearful spells and panic attacks with incident anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults 27
5.1 Abstract 27
5.2 Introduction 27
5.3 Materials and methods 28
5.4 Results 30
5.5 Discussion 35
6 Study II: Characteristics of initial fearful spells and their associations with DSM-IV panic attacks and panic disorder in adolescents and young adults from the community 37
6.1 Abstract 37
6.2 Introduction 37
6.3 Materials and methods 38
6.4 Results 41
6.5 Discussion 43
7 Study III: Risk factors for fearful spells and panic: A 10-year prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults 47
7.1 Abstract 47
7.2 Introduction 47
7.3 Materials and methods 49
7.4 Results 52
7.5 Discussion 60
8 Study IV: Does help-seeking alter the risk for incident psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with and without fearful spells or panic attacks? Findings from a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study 63
8.1 Abstract 63
8.2 Introduction 63
8.3 Materials and methods 64
8.4 Results 66
8.5 Discussion 70
9 General discussion 73
9.1 Summary and discussion of main findings 73
9.2 Preventive interventions among individuals with panic pathology 75
9.3 Research implications 77
10 Conclusions 78
11 References 79
12 Appendix 94
12.1 Acknowledgements 94
12.2 Erklärung zu den Eigenanteilen an einzelnen Publikationen 95
12.3 Eigenständigkeitserklärung 96Theoretischer Hintergrund. Auf Grundlage früherer Forschungsbefunde ist anzunehmen, dass Personen mit DSM-IV-Panikattacken (PA) ein erhöhtes Risiko für zahlreiche psychische Störungen, einschließlich Angst-, depressiver und Substanzstörungen, aufweisen. Unklar ist jedoch, ob das alleinige Auftreten von Fearful Spells (FS-only, Angstanfälle mit weniger als vier Paniksymptomen und/oder fehlendem Crescendo in der Symptomentwicklung) das Risiko für Psychopathologie in ähnlicher Weise erhöht und hilfreich sein könnte, um Hochrisikogruppen für Präventivinterventionen zu identifizieren. Innerhalb der vorliegenden Dissertation wird daher untersucht, (a) ob FS-only zusätzlich zu PA inzidente psychische Störungen vorhersagen und ob sich Unterschiede in den Assoziationen von FS-only vs. PA mit nachfolgender Psychopathologie ergeben, (b) ob FS-only, PA und Panikstörung (PS) ähnliche Ätiologien teilen, (c) welche Merkmale initialer FS/PA und welche anderen Risikofaktoren die Entwicklung schwerer Panikpathologie und weiterer psychischer Störungen vorhersagen und (d) ob Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung bei Personen mit Panik das Risiko für nachfolgende Psychopathologie verändert.
Methodik. Eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsstichprobe Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener (N=3021, 14-24 Jahre zur Baseline-Erhebung) wurde in bis zu drei Erhebungswellen über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 10 Jahren untersucht. FS-only, PA, PS und andere psychische Störungen wurden zu jeder Erhebungswelle mithilfe des DSM-IV-M-CIDI erfasst. Merkmale initialer FS/PA (T1/T2), mögliche Risikofaktoren sowie Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung wurden mit weiteren Modulen und Fragebögen erhoben. Mithilfe logistischer Regressionen wurden Assoziationen (Odds Ratios, OR) von FS-only und PA zu Baseline mit inzidenten psychischen Störungen zum Follow-Up sowie diesbezügliche Interaktionen mit Hilfesuchverhalten zu Baseline getestet.
Zusammenhänge zwischen möglichen Risikofaktoren und dem Auftreten von Panikpathologie (FS-only, PA und PS) bzw. nachfolgender Angst-/depressiver und Substanzstörungen bei Personen mit Panikpathologie (Verwendung von über die Erhebungswellen hinweg aggregierter Daten) wurden mithilfe von Cox-Regressionen geschätzt. Multinomiale logistische Regressionen wurden genutzt, um Assoziationen von Merkmalen initialer FS/PA (aggregiert über T1 und T2) mit PA und PS (über die Erhebungswellen hinweg aggregierte Lebenszeitinzidenzen) zu erfassen.
Ergebnisse. FS-only zu Baseline sagten inzidente Angst- und depressive Störungen zum Follow-Up vorher (OR 1.59-4.36), wohingegen PA zu Baseline inzidente Angst-, depressive und Substanzstörungen zum Follow-Up vorhersagten (OR 2.08-8.75; Referenzkategorie: Keine FS/PA). Lediglich irgendeine Angststörung (OR=3.26) und Alkoholmissbrauch/-abhängigkeit (OR=2.26) waren signifikant stärker mit PA als mit FS-only assoziiert. Weibliches Geschlecht, elterliche Angst- und depressive Störungen, Verhaltenshemmung, Schadensvermeidung, geringere Coping-Erwartung und elterliche Zurückweisung sagten FS-only, PA und PS vorher (HR 1.2-3.0), während sich teils unterschiedliche Assoziationen anderer Risikofaktoren mit FS-only, PA und PS ergaben, die tendenziell stärker für PA und PS als für FS-only waren.
Alkoholkonsum, Drogen-/Medikamentengebrauch und körperliche Erkrankungen als wahrgenommene Gründe für die initiale FS/PA waren mit dem Auftreten vollständiger PA assoziiert (ohne PS; OR 2.46-5.44), während Gefühle von Angst/Depression und die Einschätzung schon immer ängstlich/nervös gewesen zu sein als wahrgenommene Gründe für die initiale FS/PA, die Bewertung der initialen FS/PA als schrecklich und langfristig verunsichernd/belastend, nachfolgende Gefühle von Niedergeschlagenheit, Vermeidung von Situationen/Orten und Konsum von Medikamenten, Alkohol oder Drogen mit der Entwicklung von PS assoziiert waren (OR 2.64-4.15).
Eine längere Dauer bis sich die betroffene Person wieder vollständig in Ordnung fühlte war sowohl mit PA als auch mit PS assoziiert (OR 1.29-1.63 pro Kategorie). Weiterhin sagten teils unterschiedliche Risikokonstellationen bei Personen mit Panikpathologie (FS/PA/PS) die nachfolgende Entstehung von Angst-/depressiven und Substanzstörungen vorher. Panikpathologie (FS/PA) und Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung zu Baseline interagierten bei der Vorhersage von inzidenter PS (OR=0.09) und Depression (OR=0.22) zum Follow-Up; d.h. das Vorhandensein von Panikpathologie sagte diese Störungen nur bei Personen ohne, nicht aber bei Personen mit Hilfesuchverhalten zu Baseline vorher.
Schlussfolgerungen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse implizieren, dass Personen mit FS-only im Vergleich zu Personen mit vollständigen PA ein ähnliches Risiko für die Entwicklung nachfolgender Psychopathologie aufweisen. Spezifische Merkmale initialer FS/PA und zusätzliche Risikofaktoren könnten zur Identifikation von Sub-Gruppen von Personen mit Panik genutzt werden, die sich durch ein besonderes Risiko für schwergradige Panikpathologie und andere psychische Störungen auszeichnen und demzufolge von Outcome-bezogenen Präventionen (ergänzend zu Panik-spezifischer Intervention) profitieren könnten. Zukünftige Studien sollten die vorliegenden Befunde replizieren und die Effektivität gezielter Präventivinterventionen bei Personen mit erhöhtem Risiko für PS und andere psychische Störungen testen.:CONTENT
0 Synopsis 10
1 Introduction 13
1.1 Current challenges in clinical psychology 13
1.2 Psychological models of mental disorders 13
1.3 Diagnostic approaches to psychopathology 15
1.4 Methodological issues 16
1.5 Preventive and early treatment interventions 17
2 Panic pathology 18
2.1 Definitions 18
2.2 Epidemiology 19
2.3 Etiology 20
2.4 Physiological, neurobiological, and genetic findings 21
2.5 Unresolved issues 22
3 Aims 24
4 Methods 26
5 Study I: Associations of fearful spells and panic attacks with incident anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults 27
5.1 Abstract 27
5.2 Introduction 27
5.3 Materials and methods 28
5.4 Results 30
5.5 Discussion 35
6 Study II: Characteristics of initial fearful spells and their associations with DSM-IV panic attacks and panic disorder in adolescents and young adults from the community 37
6.1 Abstract 37
6.2 Introduction 37
6.3 Materials and methods 38
6.4 Results 41
6.5 Discussion 43
7 Study III: Risk factors for fearful spells and panic: A 10-year prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults 47
7.1 Abstract 47
7.2 Introduction 47
7.3 Materials and methods 49
7.4 Results 52
7.5 Discussion 60
8 Study IV: Does help-seeking alter the risk for incident psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with and without fearful spells or panic attacks? Findings from a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study 63
8.1 Abstract 63
8.2 Introduction 63
8.3 Materials and methods 64
8.4 Results 66
8.5 Discussion 70
9 General discussion 73
9.1 Summary and discussion of main findings 73
9.2 Preventive interventions among individuals with panic pathology 75
9.3 Research implications 77
10 Conclusions 78
11 References 79
12 Appendix 94
12.1 Acknowledgements 94
12.2 Erklärung zu den Eigenanteilen an einzelnen Publikationen 95
12.3 Eigenständigkeitserklärung 9
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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