79 research outputs found
Verstehen von Schriftartefakten auf Gesteinsträgern auf atomarer Ebene: Verwitterung und Kristallchemie gesteinsbildender Minerale
No full textFinite Element Modelling of a Deep Excavation in Boston Blue Clay
No full textAbstractThe work investigates the behaviour of a deep excavation that forms part of a wide basement located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The glacial marine clay deposit is modelled with a kinematic hardening model for structured soils, its reduced bubble model version and the well-known Modified Cam Clay model. The aim of the work is to assess the effects of the added features of the advanced model, such as small-strain stiffness, structure degradation and anisotropy, on the numerical prediction of the overall behaviour of the excavation. The first part of the paper provides a brief description of the site conditions, ground profile and construction sequences for the case study under consideration. Then, the soil model calibration process using experimental undrained triaxial, self-boring pressuremeter and constant rate of strain consolidation tests is discussed. Finally, the comparison of the predicted wall deflection and ground settlements profiles with observed movements is presented
Material analysis (VIS-NIR and FTIR) of coloured inscriptions and other historical objects in Miletus, Turkey
No full textThis dataset was created in the context of the Research Fields RFA02 ("Understanding Written Artefacts on Inorganic Supports at the Atomic Scale Level") and RFB02 ("Immersive City Scripts: Inscriptions and the Construction of Social Spaces in Miletus").
The data was recorded with VIS-NIR spectroscopy (LABSPEC) and FTIR spectroscopy (EXOSCAN). The structure is as follows:
01_spots: documentation of the measurement spots;
02_LABSPEC:
folder "raw": raw spectra recorded with the portable VIS-NIR spectrometer LabSpec 4 HR (Malvern Pananalytical) are stored as spc and txt files:
file "evaluation": evaluated raw spectra with the OriginPro 2019 software package;
file "spectra": evaluated and exported spectra;
03_EXOSCAN:
folder "raw": raw spectra recorded with the portable FTIR spectrometer 4100 ExoScan (Agilent) in DRIFTS mode are stored as spc and csv files:
file "evaluation": evaluated raw spectra with the OriginPro 2019 software package;
file "spectra": evaluated and exported spectra;
04_results: table with summarized results
The H3 Haplotype of the EPCR Gene Determines High sEPCR Levels in Critically-ill Septic Patients
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be found here. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-018-0193-2
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Petrogenesis of a late-stage calc-alkaline granite in a giant S-type batholith: geochronology and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes from the Nomatsaus granite (Donkerhoek batholith), Namibia
No full textThe late-tectonic 511.4 ± 0.6 Ma-old Nomatsaus intrusion (Donkerhoek batholith, Damara orogen, Namibia) consists of moderately peraluminous, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic granites similar to I-type granites worldwide. Major and trace-element variations and LREE and HREE concentrations in evolved rocks imply that the fractionated mineral assemblage includes biotite, Fe–Ti oxides, zircon, plagioclase and monazite. Increasing K2O abundance with increasing SiO2 suggests accumulation of K-feldspar; compatible with a small positive Eu anomaly in the most evolved rocks. In comparison with experimental data, the Nomatsaus granite was likely generated from meta-igneous sources of possibly dacitic composition that melted under water-undersaturated conditions (X H2O: 0.25–0.50) and at temperatures between 800 and 850 °C, compatible with the zircon and monazite saturation temperatures of 812 and 852 °C, respectively. The Nomatsaus granite has moderately radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7067–0.7082), relatively radiogenic initial εNd values (− 2.9 to − 4.8) and moderately evolved Pb isotope ratios. Although initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the granite do not vary with SiO2 or MgO contents, fSm/Nd and initial εNd values are negatively correlated indicating limited assimilation of crustal components during monazite-dominated fractional crystallization. The preferred petrogenetic model for the generation of the Nomatsaus granite involves a continent–continent collisional setting with stacking of crustal slices that in combination with high radioactive heat production rates heated the thickened crust, leading to the medium-P/high-T environment characteristic of the southern Central Zone of the Damara orogen. Such a setting promoted partial melting of metasedimentary sources during the initial stages of crustal heating, followed by the partial melting of meta-igneous rocks at mid-crustal levels at higher P–T conditions and relatively late in the orogenic evolution
Poster: Raman spectroscopy as a tool for analysing carbon inks from ancient palm-leaf manuscripts
No full textThis poster was presented at : International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA) 2023
Abstract
The Palm-leaf Manuscript Profiling Initiative (PLMPI) project at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) aims at carrying out an innovative and comprehensive study of palm-leaf manuscripts by employing various non-destructive and non-invasive analytic methods that have not yet been fully or at all tested on such artifacts. The study of inks is of paramount importance to investigative matters of provenance, which remains one of the main research topics for the history of the book in South Asia. In Europe since the Middle Ages, the most common inks are iron gall inks, which are produced by the reaction between iron sulphate from natural vitriol and gall nuts extract, mixed with a binder. Such inks have been extensively studied in the last twenty years, using the non-destructive and non-invasive method developed by Hahn et al. This method involves micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to measure the relative weight contributions of metallic sulphates characteristic of vitriol sources [1]. However, in the case of South Indian manuscripts on palm leaf, carbon inks are used, composed of carbonaceous material (soot or charcoal) mixed with water and a binder.
Since the detection of light element-containing compounds, for instance H- and C-bearing, is not viable by XRF, alternative non-invasive, non-destructive and preparation-free methods, such as Raman spectroscopy that can identify hydrous and carbonaceous species, are gaining popularity among the scientific community. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy can identify both crystalline and amorphous phases and has the great ability, compared to other non-destructive analytical methods to distinguish different phases in a polyphasic material. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy enables the determination of the exact elemental distribution within each structure type, as vibrational phonon modes are sensitive to both structure and chemistry. As a result, the obtained information can be further matched with other codicological features (e.g. types of palm leaves, hand style of specific scribes, available paleogeographical information, etc.) and thereby promote provenance studies.
So far carbon-bearing materials, particularly graphitic materials and carbonaceous nanomaterials have been thoroughly studied with Raman spectroscopy [2-3]. Therefore, it naturally appeared as a good candidate for the investigation of carbon inks. In this work, we compare the spectra obtained on mock-up samples of ink, made after antique recipes using different sources of carbon [4]. We also analyse inks from several palm-leaf manuscripts from Southern India. The investigation was conducted with two bench-top instruments (Renishaw in-via with a 532 nm laser and Horiba Jobin Yvon T64000 triple-monochromator system with a 514.5 nm green line) to check the reproducibility of the method and identify suitable conditions for distinguishing the different sources of inks depending on the spectrometer. All the spectra were fitted with pseudo-Voigt peak shape functions, to define the Raman spectral features (peak position; ω, full widths at half maximum; FWHMs, and integrated intensities) of the observed D (diamond-like) and G (graphite-like) peaks. These spectral parameters were then used: (a) to differentiate between the mock samples depending on their choice of precursors, (b) for the discrimination of various C-based inks, and (c) for the determination of the particle size of soot/carbonaceous material used for the production of C-based inks. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to distinguish between charcoal and soot-based carbon inks (Fig. 1). Additionally, it was possible to analyse the black inks present in palm leaf manuscripts under similar experimental conditions, and the results of this investigation indicate the use of soot-based carbon ink in palm leaf manuscripts with a graphite cluster diameter of 8-12 nm
Towards the Investigation of Material Choices in Written Artefacts: Methodological Reflections – CSMC Occasional Paper No. 10
No full textOccasional Paper No 10
Towards the Investigation of Material Choices in Written Artefacts: Methodological Reflections
This Occasional Paper is the result of the discussion held in 2022–2024 within Research Field K (RFK) – ‘Selecting Materials’, part of the Cluster of Excellence ‘Understanding Written Artefacts (UWA): Materiality, Interaction and Transmission in Manuscript Cul-tures’ at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC), University of Hamburg. RFK comprises researchers from various disciplines, both from the humanities and the natural sciences, bringing together a multitude of perspectives and aimed at compara-tively investigating the options and choices involved in the selection of materials for creating written artefacts (WAs). Combining in-depth material, philological and histori-cal analysis, the group seeks to determine the materials that were chosen to be used, to identify potential underlying patterns in these choices, and to understand the reasons behind them and the consequences they had for the preservation and circulation of the artefact. This paper sets out a preliminary framework for this approach, with the inten-tion of laying a foundation for its future development.
CSMC's Occasional Papers
The Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures regularly hosts meetings to discuss the theory, terminology and other issues in manuscriptology. Several of its members – philologists, historians, art historians, linguists and others – collectively engage in contributing to the systematic and historical study of manuscript cultures. The documents are individual contributions and drafts reflecting some of the provisional results of the Centre’s activities
Web Based Learning and Off-the-shelf Software: towards a Typology of VLE Interfaces
No full textThis paper: - attempts a classification of Web-based Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs). Criteria for this classification are the content, computer mediated communication and collaboration, how the VLE supports the tasks that course developers/educators have to carry out in setting up a course and how it attempts to provide a student centred, rather than a teacher centred, learning environment. - focuses on three commercially developed VLEs which the author has had experience with as educator and developer/implementer: Lotus LearningSpace, WebCT and FirstClass. It draws from the comparison of the interface of the three to build a typology of VLE interfaces. - touches on instructional design and HCI issues and looks at guidelines and issues to consider when designing VLE interfaces. It is claimed that there are aspects of interface design that enhance interactivity and help students to manage the complexity of VLEs. It points towards the use of flexible and customisable interfaces where the educator can determine those functions and features that enhance the learner experience.Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of European University Information Systems, EUNIS2001, 28.03.2001 - 30.03.2001, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, pp 48-5
The Struggle for Representation: An Architect inside Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves
No full textThis book presents some of these manifold forms. It opens with a short journey into some of the most significant literary spaces and imaginary constructions by writer Alberto Manguel, followed by Arch. Colin Fournier's digression on architectural and urban fictions, its practices and experiences that shaped our contemporaneity. Next is the core of this book, a collection of articles sough to bring together a diversity of individuals, discourses and practices to examine the role of fiction and imagination in architecture and related disciplines, organized into eight thematic chapters, each introduced by a guest author. Ranging widely from history to literary analysis, cinema, graphic, urban, conceptual and literary experiments, the different contributions are, however, highly porous - as the reader will discover - and together they engender new ground for thought and exploration.
Few publications and books deal specifically with architecture from an interdisciplinary perspective, especially from the 'fiction angle'. The editorial scope outlined in this book intends to be perceptive and distinctive. It aims at serving scholars, architects, designers, authors, students and a wider, non-professional audience. It is a contribution to the field and pushes forward research in architectural practice and thought in intriguing and exciting directions, precisely in this moment, in which one may question architecture's inclination to become a pseudo-technical service or mere signature shape-giving; in which one may question urban planning's propensity to produce social failure, one may as well ask if the imagination of fiction is not the ultimate gizmo with which to face a reality that has gone... stranger than fiction
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