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Evaluasi Keragaman Genetik Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Turunan Dura Dumpy dengan Menggunakan Marka Rapd (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
No full textMasita
Vera
Basauli
Sirait. Evaluasi
Keragaman Genetik Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Turunan Dura dumpy dengan Menggunakan Marka RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) di bawah bimbingan Dr. Ir.Jenimar, MS sebagai ketua; Ir. Syafrudin Ilyas dan Dr. Ir. Dwi Asmono, MS sebagai anggota. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat keragaman genetik dan mempertahankan kelapa sawit turunan Dura dumpy. kelestarian plasma nut fah
Penelitian ini dilaksanaan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler-Kelti Pemuliaan dan Agronomi Balai Penelitian Marihat Pematangsiantar. Penelitian dilaksanakan. bulan April sampai Nopember 2002. pada
Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari keragaman genetik 48 tanaman kelapa sawit Intrapopulasi Dura dumpy yang ditanam di Sei Pancur dan Aek Pancur berdasarkan RAPD. Primer yang digunakan sebanyak 5 primer yaitu OPD-04, OPD-16, OPM-16, OPO-08, dan OPR-11. Data biner dihitung berdasarkan muncul menggunakan program atau tidaknya pita dan dianalisis NTSYS versi 2.02. Profil pita DNA yang dihasilkan sebanyak 30 pola pita dengan ukuran antara 220 pb (OPD-04) sampai 6068 pb (OPR-11). Dendogram menghasilkan 5 kelompok tanaman yakni A, B, C, D dan E dengan kesamaan genetik 57%. Kelompok A berjumlah 23 B berjumlah D berjumlah 1 12 individu, individu dan C berjumlah 10 E berjumlah 2 individu, individu. Kesamaan genetik tertinggi (100%) yang diuji adalah individu 1 dengan 4, 29 dengan 40 terendah (16,6%) yaitu pada individu 21 dengan 30.62 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Variabilitas Genetik Intrapopulasi Dan Interpopulasi Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit (elaeis guineensis jacq.) Berdasarkan Marka Isozim dan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
No full textPenelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui variabilitas genetic intrapopulasi dan interpopulasi plasma nutfah kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berdasarkan marka isozim dan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Analisis isozim dilakukan untuk mendeteksi aktivitas isozim, menentukan kondisi optimum elektroforesis, menganalisis mobilitas pita (Rf) dan menginterpretasikan genotipe. Analisis DNA mencakup uji kuantitas dan kualitas DNA dan genotyping dengan RAPD. Hasil genotyping berupa profil pita marka RAPD digunakan untuk menghitung variabilitas genetik intrapopulasi dan interpopulasi dalam bentuk dendrogram dan matrik analisis korespondensi dengan bantuan program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSys) versi 2.02. Penelitian dilakukan mulai September 2001 sampai dengan April 2002 di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Medan. Pengamatan pohon dan pengambilan sampel daun kelapa sawit dilakukan di kebun koleksi plasma nutfah Aek Pancur, Bah Jambi dan Marihat. Analisis DNA daun kelapa sawit dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler Balai Penelitian Marihat. Analisis isozim dilakukan untuk menguji 6 sistem enzim, yaitu acid phosphatase (ACP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) dan glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). Analisis RAPD untuk intrapopulasi menguji 21 primer-oligonukleotida 10 basa yaitu: OPR-11, OPJ-01, OPJ-05, OPD-03, OPD-05, OPD-15, OPH-02, OPH-09, OPM-04, OPM-16, OPM-20, OPN-03, OPN-IO, OPN-12, OPN-20, OPO-06, OPO-11, OPO-13, OPO-16, OPO-19, OPO-20 dan untuk interpopulasi menguji 15 primer yaitu OPR-11, OPJ-05, OPD-05, OPD-15, OPH-09, OPM-16, OPM-20, OPN-03, OPN-13, OPN-20, OPO-06, OPO13, OPO-16, OPO-19 dan OPO-20. Analisis intrapopulasi Binga dilakukan pada 72 individu dari 12 famili yaitu famili 1664, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674 1675, 1677 dan 1680. Analisis interpopulasi difokuskan pada 74 individu dari 11 populasi, yaitu populasi Binga, SP 540 Self, SP 540*Polonia, SP 540*Bangun, La Me, Yangambi, Dosin*Nifor, tenera Marihat, dura Dumpy, dura Deli dan dura seleksi Marihat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim pada daun kelapa sawit pada dasarnya lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan polen. Enam sistem enzim yang diuji menunjukkan adanya variasi aktivitas enzim dengan karakter migrasi pita isozim berkisar pada nilai Rf 13-70 serta tergolong migrasi lambat sampai sedang. Keberhasilan elektroforesis sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi bufer ekstrak, buffer gel dan bufer elektrolit. Kondisi elektroforesis optimum diperoleh dari ekstrak buffer TPTDAM pH 7,5 (modifikasi Wendel dan Weeden, 1989) dan elektrolit buffer Natrium Borat pH 8,5 (modifikasi Arulsekar dan Parfit, 1986) pada konsentrasi gel pati kentang 14%. Interpretasi genotipe berdasarkan profil pita isozim dalam bentuk zimogram menghasilkan struktur enzim monomer sampai dimer dengan dua lokus aktif yaitu Acp-2 dan Pgi-2. Kajian genetik berdasarkan enam sistem enzim pada analisis isozim menghasilkan 8 lokus dan 12 aiel. Hasil isolasi dan pemurnian DNA pada uji kuantitas dengan Uv-spektrofotometer pada ratio A260/A280 memenuhi rentang 1,8-2,1 yang berarti layak untuk dianalisis. Uji kualitas dengan gel elektroforesis agarose terhadap DNA contoh menghasilkan resolusi pita yang tebal yang menandakan kualitas DNA masih utuh dan tidak terpotong-potong. Seluruh primer yang diuji pada dasarnya mampu mengamplifikasi DNA contoh. Primer OPJ-01 dan OPH-02 memproduksi pita polimorfisme terendah dan cenderung monomorfis, sedangkan primer OPH-09 menghasilkan total lokus polimorfisme terbesar. Jumlah pita polimorfisme yang dihasilkan pada uji intrapopulasi dengan menggunakan 21 primer sebesar 37,14%, dan pada interpopulasi oleh 15 primer sebesar 33,93% Hasil analisis gerombol menunjukkan bahwa pada kesamaan genetik 42% seluruh individu dari 12 famili populasi Binga mampu dikelompokkan menjadi satu. Dengan kata lain variabilitas genetik intrapopulasi Binga tergolong luas yaitu sebesar 58%. Berdasarkan frekuensi alelik dari lokus DNA diketahui bahwa rata-rata heterozigositas harapan pada populasi Binga menunjukkan tendensi heterozigositas dura (0,269) lebih rendah dibandingkan tenera (0,291). Dendrogram pada interpopulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kesamaan genetik 56%, sebelas populasi mampu dikelompokkan menjadi satu. Dengan demikian variabilitas genetic interpopulasi sebesar 44%. Variabilitas genetik intrapopulasi menunjukkan nilai lebih besar dibandingkan interpopulasi, namun demikian belum sepenuhnya menginterpretasikan total potensi genetik yang dimiliki seluruh populasi yang diuji. Fenomena tidak mengelompoknya individu dari famili dan populasi yang sama menunjukkan adanya variabilitas internal dengan tingkat kesamaan genetik relatif rendah. Matrik analisis korespondensi pada intrapopulasi Binga mampu menjelaskan secara berturut-turut 12,63% dan 16,44% variasi genetik total. Matrik analisis korespondensi interpopulasi mampu menjelaskan 13,52% dan 21,76% variasi genetik total.138 HalamanTesis Magiste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Genetic analysis of quantitative trait loci with the early generations of an elite, single-cross maize population
No full textThe first objective of this study was to detect QTLs affecting agronomically important traits in the F2 plants of an elite, single-cross of maize (Zea mays L.). The second objective was to compare QTL detection in the F2 and F2:3 generations. The third objective was to compare QTL detection in two samples of F2:3 lines derived from the same F2 population;Thirty-eight QTLs affecting five traits were identified in the F2 plants. The QTLs were associated with 6 to 43% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs explaining more than 40% of the variation were observed for plant height and ear height. Most plant height and ear height QTLs with large effects had additive gene actions. Gene actions for flowering traits included additive, partial dominance, dominance, and overdominance. The parental effects were usually in accordance with the phenotypes of the inbred parents. Ten digenic interactions were observed, 2 for plant height and 8 for anthesis. One dominant x additive interaction affected a plant height QTL;Eighty-six QTLs were detected across F2 and F2:3 generations. More QTLs were unique in the F2:3 than in the F2 generation. Evidence of consistent detection was observed at 22 of the 86 QTLs. Most QTLs that were common in the F2 and F2:3 generations had intermediate to strong association with phenotypic variation. Most parental effects were conserved across generations, but the magnitude of effects was usually smaller in the F2:3.;Sampling variation influenced QTL detection across samples. Ninety-three QTLs were detected for plant stature and flowering across samples. Evidence of consistent detection was observed at 27% (25 of 93) of the QTLs. For grain yield and yield components, seventy-one QTLs were detected across samples, only thirteen were common in both samples. Chromosome 6 was significantly associated with grain yield in both samples. The magnitudes of QTL effects were not always consistent when QTLs were detected in a region for both samples. Most QTLs detected in both samples had the same parental effects.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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