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Dinamika kitab hadis Syiah: Kritik ulama sunni dan syiah terhadap kitab Al-Kafi karya Al-Kulayni
Full text linkINDONESIA:
Diskursus hadis dalam tradisi Syiah Imamiyah menempati posisi signifikan dalam studi pemikiran Islam, terutama terkait otoritas kitab Al-Kāfī karya al-Kulaynī. Berbeda dengan tradisi Sunni yang membatasi hadis pada ucapan dan perbuatan Nabi, Syiah memasukkan ucapan, perbuatan, dan ketetapan para Imam maʿṣūm. Hal ini menimbulkan kontroversi karena otentisitas banyak riwayat dalam Al-Kāfī dipersoalkan baik oleh ulama Sunni maupun sebagian ulama Syiah sendiri.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah metodologi kritik hadis dalam tradisi Sunni dan Syiah dengan fokus pada hadis-hadis dalam Al-Kāfī, serta menilai implikasi epistemologis dan teologisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif melalui analisis historis, tekstual, dan hermeneutik. Pendekatan kritik hadis klasik dipadukan dengan hermeneutika filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer, yang menekankan pra-understanding, kesadaran historis, dan fusion of horizons antara tradisi dan penafsir kontemporer. Data diperoleh dari kajian pustaka terhadap Al-Kāfī serta literatur hadis Sunni dan Syiah, baik klasik maupun kontemporer.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metodologi Sunni berorientasi pada objektivitas verifikasi sanad dan matan melalui jarḥ wa taʿdīl dan ilmu rijāl, sedangkan metodologi Syiah lebih berpusat pada otoritas Imam maʿṣūm. Analisis atas Al-Kāfī menemukan kelemahan serius: hadis tentang taḥrīf al-Qur’an bersanad lemah dan bertentangan dengan prinsip keotentikan mushaf; hadis sifat dan dzat Allah berpotensi menimbulkan antropomorfisme; hadis imamah sarat simbolisme dan berpotensi bertentangan dengan doktrin khatm al-nubuwwah; sementara hadis tentang ʿiṣmah para Imam lebih merepresentasikan konstruksi teologis daripada bukti historis.
Kesimpulannya, banyak doktrin dalam Al-Kāfī lebih bersifat historis-ideologis daripada normatif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kritik ilmiah dan dialog metodologis lintas mazhab untuk menjaga kemurnian ajaran Islam serta memperkuat ukhuwah umat.
ENGLISH:
The discourse on ḥadīṡ within the Twelver Shia tradition occupies a significant position in Islamic intellectual studies, particularly concerning the authority of al-Kāfī by al-Kulaynī. Unlike the Sunni tradition, which confines ḥadīṡ to the sayings and actions of the Prophet, the Shia extend it to include the sayings, actions, and rulings of the maʿṣūm Imams. This has generated controversy since the authenticity of many narrations in al-Kāfī has been questioned not only by Sunni scholars but also by some Shia scholars themselves.
This study aims to examine the methodologies of ḥadīṡ criticism in both Sunni and Shia traditions with a focus on the narrations in al-Kāfī, and to assess their epistemological and theological implications. The research employs a qualitative approach through historical, textual, and hermeneutical analysis. Classical methods of ḥadīṡ criticism are combined with Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, which emphasizes pre-understanding, historical consciousness, and the fusion of horizons between tradition and contemporary interpretation. Data were obtained from library research on al-Kāfī and related Sunni and Shia ḥadīṡ literature, both classical and contemporary.
The findings reveal that Sunni methodology emphasizes objectivity in verifying isnād and matn through jarḥ wa taʿdīl and ʿilm al-rijāl, while Shia methodology is centered on the authority of the maʿṣūm Imams. The analysis of al-Kāfī identifies serious weaknesses: narrations on taḥrīf al-Qurʾān have weak chains and contradict the principle of the Qurʾān’s authenticity; narrations concerning God’s attributes and essence risk anthropomorphism; narrations on imāmah are heavily symbolic and potentially conflict with the doctrine of khatm al-nubuwwah; while narrations on the ʿiṣmah of the Imams reflect theological construction more than historical evidence.
In conclusion, many doctrines in al-Kāfī are better understood as historical-ideological constructs rather than normative truths. Therefore, rigorous scholarly criticism and cross-sectarian methodological dialogue are necessary to safeguard the purity of Islamic teachings and strengthen Muslim unity.
ARABIC:
عزيز أسمانا. ديناميكيّة كتب الحديث الشيعية: نقد علماء السنّة والشيعة لكتاب الكافي للكليني
يحتلّ الخطاب الحديثي في التقليد الشيعي الإمامي الاثني عشري مكانة بارزة في الدراسات الفكرية الإسلامية، ولا سيما فيما يتعلّق بسلطة كتاب الكافي للكليني. وعلى خلاف التقليد السنّي الذي يحصر الحديث في أقوال النبي وأفعاله، يوسّع الشيعة دائرته ليشمل أقوال وأفعال وأحكام الأئمّة المعصومين. وقد أثار هذا جدلاً واسعاً، إذ إنّ أصالة كثير من روايات الكافي محلّ تشكيك من قِبل علماء السنّة وبعض علماء الشيعة أنفسهم.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل مناهج نقد الحديث في التقليدين السنّي والشيعي، مع التركيز على الروايات الواردة في الكافي، وتقييم انعكاساتها الإبستمولوجيّة واللاهوتيّة. وتعتمد الدراسة المنهج الكيفي من خلال التحليل التاريخي والنصي والهرمنوطيقي. وقد جُمعت بين منهج النقد الحديثي القديم والهرمنوطيقا الفلسفية لهانس-غيورغ غادامير، التي تؤكد على "الفهم القبلي"، والوعي التاريخي، و"اندماج الآفاق" بين التراث والمفسّر المعاصر. وقد استندت البيانات إلى البحث المكتبي في الكافي ومصادر الحديث السنّية والشيعية، القديمة والحديثة.
وتظهر النتائج أنّ منهج السنّة يركّز على الموضوعية في التثبّت من الإسناد والمتن من خلال الجرح والتعديل وعلم الرجال، بينما يتمحور منهج الشيعة حول سلطة الأئمّة المعصومين. وقد كشفت الدراسة عن ثغرات مهمّة في الكافي: الأحاديث المتعلّقة بـ تحريف القرآن أسانيدها ضعيفة وتتناقض مع مبدأ أصالة المصحف، والأحاديث حول صفات الله وذاته تحمل خطر التجسيم، وأحاديث الإمامة يغلب عليها الطابع الرمزي بما قد يتعارض مع عقيدة ختم النبوة، في حين أنّ أحاديث العصمة تمثّل بناءً لاهوتياً أكثر من كونها أدلّة تاريخية.
وتخلص الدراسة إلى أنّ كثيراً من المقولات في الكافي أقرب إلى البناءات التاريخية-الأيديولوجية منها إلى الحقائق المعيارية. ومن ثمّ، تبرز الحاجة إلى نقد علمي وحوار منهجي بين المذاهب من أجل صون صفاء التعاليم الإسلامية وتعزيز وحدة الأمّة
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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