1,490 research outputs found
Organizational Culture and Performance: An Empirical Study of SMEs in Pakistan. Journal of Management and Research,
No full textThis study aims to identify the prevailing type of culture and its relationship with performance in SMEs operating in Pakistan. Using competing value framework, the cultural profile and dominant characteristics of SMEs are identified and investigated to ascertain their implied relationship with organizational performance on the basis of certain self-assessment variables. For this purpose, primary data was collected form SME employees through a self-administered survey questionnaire. The results revealed that ‘hierarchy’ culture is the prevailing type of culture and a statistically significant relationship exists between organizational culture and performance among the sampled SMEs. The study concludes with certain important insinuations for theory and practice especially concerned with SMEs
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Precise motion descriptors extraction from stereoscopic footage using DaVinci DM6446
No full textA novel approach to extract target motion descriptors in multi-camera video surveillance systems is presented. Using two static surveillance cameras with partially overlapped field of view (FOV), control points (unique points from each camera) are identified in regions of interest (ROI) from both cameras footage. The control points within the ROI are matched for correspondence and a meshed Euclidean distance based signature is computed. A depth map is estimated using disparity of each control pair and the ROI is graded into number of regions with the help of relative depth information of the control points. The graded regions of different depths will help calculate accurately the pace of the moving target and also its 3D location. The advantage of estimating a depth map for background static control points over depth map of the target itself is its accuracy and robustness to outliers. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in the paper using several test sequences. Implementation issues of the algorithm onto the TI DaVinci DM6446 platform are considered in the paper
Integration of Information Technology in Financial Services and its Adoption by the Financial Sector in Pakistan
No full textThe development of digital innovation is a clear indication of the expansion of financial technology (Fintech) businesses over the previous ten years. Fintech concepts have only lately begun to be accepted by established players in the financial sector. Despite recent bank purchases of Fintech firms, the majority of these businesses are self-funded and accessible to other banks. Because many banks, besides the well-known big ones, continue to provide outdated, outrageously expensive, and bureaucratic financial services, Fintech companies have the potential to replace many crucial tasks presently carried out by traditional banks. In other words, it\u27s expected that Fintech firms will have a replacement effect, forcing banks to abandon certain kinds of business. The incentives for a bank to take risks and increase its effectiveness and profitability may have altered as a result of Fintech advancements. This exemplifies how Fintech developments will affect bank risk, efficiency, and profitability because they offer a competitive source of credit to conventional banks. The purpose of this research is to look into the problems from a global standpoint.
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Clitopilus cretoalbus A. Izhar, Zaman, M. Asif, H. Bashir, Niazi & Khalid 2023, sp. nov
No full textClitopilus cretoalbus A.Izhar, Zaman, M.Asif, H.Bashir, Niazi & Khalid sp. nov Mycobank: MB843564 Figs 3–4 Diagnosis Clitopilus cretoalbus sp. nov. is close to C. scyphoides but the latter differs by its hygrophanous pileus with smaller diameter (3–6 mm), short stipe (4–9 mm), small colourless basidiospores (5–7 × 3.5–4.5 µm), absence of cystidia and pale yellow pileipellis. Etymology The specific epithet ʻ cretoalbus ʼ refers to chalk white colour of basidiocarps. Type material Holotype PAKISTAN – Punjab Province • Sheikhupura; 31°42′40″ N, 73°59′16″ E; 236 m a.s.l.; 3 Aug. 2017; A. Izhar Skp 102; GenBank nos: ON117610 (nrITS), ON229505 (nrLSU); LAH[35709]. Additional material examined PAKISTAN – Punjab Province • Sheikhupura; 31°42′40″ N, 73°59′16″ E; 236 m a.s.l.; 20 Jul. 2018; A. Izhar Skp 106; GenBank no.: ON229117 (nrITS); LAH[37112] • same data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2021; A. Izhar Skp 107; GenBank no.: ON229118 (nrITS); LAH[37113] • Lahore, Jhok Reserve Forest; 31°25ʹ36.01ʺ N, 74°7ʹ11.13ʺ E; 217 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2020; A.N. Khalid MN16; GenBank nos: OM935685 (nrITS), OM934826 (nrLSU); LAH[37017] • Bahawalpur, Lal Suhanra National Park, under Bombax ceiba L.; 31°26′28″ N, 74°8′7″ E; 125–140 m a.s.l.; 5 Sep. 2020; M. Asif AG130; GenBank no.: ON241754 (nrITS); LAH[37111] • Khushab, Noorpur Thal, Peelowains; 32°20′ N, 72°20′ E; 185 m a.s.l.; 8 Aug. 2021; Z. Khan & J. Khan PW18; GenBank no.: OM935686 (nrITS); LAH[37016]. – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province • Swat, Tehsil Kabal, Village Deolai; 34°34′ N, 72°08′ E; 1000 m a.s.l.; 25 Jul. 2021; H. Bashir GHSS02; GenBank no.: ON326583 (nrITS); LAH[37126]. Description Basidiomata clitocyboid, infundibuliform, or omphaloid, usually very small in size. Pileus 25–30 mm, concave, infundibuliform or umbilicate, context very fragile, white (2.5YR9/2), later chalk white, pale yellow at the disc (5Y 8/3), small brown patches develop when touched or dried, umbo never found, surface smooth to finely fibrillose under the lens, margins inrolled, becoming relatively straight towards maturity, cracks or furcations develop at pyramidal portions. Lamellae adnate to deeply decurrent, very thin, membranous, somewhat distant to close, sometimes bifurcated, white (2.5YR9/2) concolorous to pileus, up to 1.8 mm in height, edges entire, lamellulae abundant, present in 1–3 tiers. Stipe 10–25 × 1–4 mm, almost central, slightly eccentric in a few specimens, sub-cylindrical, concolorous to pileus, surface smooth or minutely pubescent, white mycelium at the base. Odor farinaceous. Basidiospores [100/5/5] (4.5–)6.4–7.5(‒8.5) × (3.6‒)3.9–4.6(‒5.5) μm, avl × avw = 6.7 × 4.4 μm, Q = 1.2‒1.54, avQ = 1.5, oblong, broadly ellipsoid or amygdaliform, hyaline to pale in 5% KOH, thin-walled, smooth-walled, frequent lipidic guttules, apiculus prominent, mostly isolated, few in tetrads. Basidia 13‒25 × 6.3‒8 μm, avl × avw = 18.7 × 7.2 μm, clavate, hyaline in 5% KOH, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, sterigmata up to 3–3.4 µm in length, no clamp connections at base. Cheilocystidia 17‒30 × 5.5‒8.8 μm, avl × avw = 23 × 7 μm, polymorphic, subcylindrical, lageniform, some filiform, septate, few with apical or lateral outgrowths, resembling end cells of pileipellis, hyaline to pale in 5% KOH, often present in clusters. Pleurocystidia not found. Sub-hymenium irregular in texture, composed of 2–3 layers of ellipsoid hyphal elements, 3–13 × 4–8 μm. Pileipellis consists of a cutis of hyaline to pale cylindrical thin-walled hyphae 4–8 μm wide, avw = 6.2 μm, few pigmented brownish, hyphae parallel, often interwoven, many isolated and clustered ascendingly, terminal elements 5–8 μm wide. Pileal trama consists of subregular, hyaline, thin-walled, relatively inflated hyphae 8–14 μm wide, few oleiferous hyphae present. Stipitipellis a cutis composed of hyaline, loosely arranged or interwoven hyphae 4–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled, many clustered ascendingly. Habitat Scattered or in small groups on nutrient-rich loamy soil and gregarious in grassy plots. Known distribution Currently only known from Pakistan.Published as part of Izhar, Aiman, Khan, Zaman, Asif, Muhammad, Bashir, Hira, Rani, Afifa Kainat, Niazi, Abdul Rehman & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2023, Clitopilus cretoalbus sp. nov. (Entolomataceae, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan, pp. 168-184 in European Journal of Taxonomy 861 on pages 174-179, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.861.2075, http://zenodo.org/record/774659
Muhammad and the Other: Islam and International Relations
No full textThis thesis describes both the political and social relations of Judaism, Christianity, the polytheists, and Islam during the time of Muhammad. Specifically, it focuses on how the historical Muhammad interacted with these other religions during both the Meccan and Medinan period of his lifetime. Researching this specific time period allows the author to examine if a foreign policy model can be illustrated by the actions of the historical Muhammad. In the process of researching and writing this thesis, the author conducted a literature review of the earliest possible sources regarding the historical Muhammad and his community at Medina. This thesis is slated to be a reference and a resource for both students and faculty who seek a better understanding of Muhammad's political and social relations with the other religions that he came into contact with during his prophetic career
Continuous degradation of maltose: Improvement in stability and catalytic properties of maltase (α-glucosidase) through immobilization using agar-agar gel as a support
No full textMaltose degrading enzyme was immobilized
within agar-agar support via entrapment method due to its
industrial utilization. The maximum immobilization efficiency
(82.77 %) was achieved using 4.0 % agar-agar
keeping the diameter of bead up to 3.0 mm. The matrix
entrapment showed maximum catalytic activity at pH 7.0
and temperature 65 C. Substrate saturation kinetics
showed that the Km of immobilized enzyme increased from
1.717 to 2.117 mM ml-1 where as Vmax decreased from
8,411 to 7,450 U ml-1 min-1 as compared to free enzyme.
The immobilization significantly increased the stability of
maltase against various temperatures and immobilized
maltase retain 100 % of its original activity after 2 h at
50 C, whereas the free maltase only showed 60 % residual
activity under same condition. The reusability of entrapped
maltase showed activity up to 12 cycles and retained 50 %
of activity even after 5th cycle. Storage stability of agar
entrapped maltase retain 73 % of its initial activity even
after 2 months when stored at 30 C while free enzyme
showed only 37 % activity at same storage conditions
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
Keberhasilan rukyatul hilal oleh Muhammad Inwanuddin pada Ramadan 1431 H dan Muharram 1439 H dalam perspektif nalar ‘irfani
No full textDalam pelaksanaan rukyatul hilal, Muhammad Inwanuddin selalu menggunakan mata langsung atau tanpa alat bantu rukyat. Beberapa laporan keberhasilannya dalam melihat hilal dinilai tidak sesuai dengan kriteria imkan ar-rukyat yang dipakai oleh Kementerian Agama RI, seperti pada penetapan awal Ramadan 1431 H dan Muharram 1439 H. Hipotesis awal menunjukkan adanya faktor spiritualitas dan religiusitas yang mempengaruhi keberhasilannya dalam melihat hilal, sehingga penelitian ini bermaksud untuk memahami dan menjawab pertanyaan terkait: 1) Bagaimana keberhasilan rukyatul hilal oleh Muhammad Inwanuddin pada Ramadan 1431 H dan Muharram 1439 H dalam perspektif nalar ‘irfani. 2) Bagaimana relevansi antara nalar ‘irfani oleh Muhammad Inwanuddin dengan fakta scientific dalam keberhasilan rukyatul hilal.
Jenis penelitian ini masuk ke dalam kategori kualitatif dengan kajian penelitian lapangan, kemudian penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan epistemologi ‘irfani dan fenomenologi untuk menguraikan data yang telah diperoleh. Sumber data yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara kepada subjek penelitian sebagai data primer dan berbagai buku, artikel jurnal, karya tulis ilmiah serta dokumen yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini sebagai data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik wawancara semi terstruktur dan teknik observasi partisipan, sedangkan untuk menganalisis datanya penulis menggunakan teknik eksplikasi data.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Nalar ‘irfani yang berkaitan mengenai spiritualitas dan religiusitas yang dilakukan oleh Muhammad Inwanuddin berpengaruh positif dengan tingkat keberhasilan rukyatul hilal, terutama pada pelaksanaan rukyatul hilal awal Ramadan 1431 H dan Muharram 1439 H. 2) Relevansi antara nalar ‘irfani yang berkaitan mengenai spiritualitas dan religiusitas yang dilakukan oleh Muhammad Inwanuddin dengan fakta scientific dalam keberhasilan rukyatul hilal nyatanya terdapat kesesuaian dan signifikansi di antara keduanya.
ABSTRACT:
In the implementation of rukyatul hilal, Muhammad Inwanuddin always uses direct eyes or without rukyat aids. Several reports of its success in seeing the hilal were judged not to be in accordance with the criteria of imkan ar-rukyat used by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, such as the initial determination of Ramadan 1431 H and Muharram 1439 H. The initial hypothesis indicated that there were spirituality and religiosity factors that influenced his success in seeing the new moon, so that This study intends to understand and answer related questions: 1) How successful was the rukyatul hilal by Muhammad Inwanuddin in Ramadan 1431 H and Muharram 1439 H in the perspective of 'irfani reasoning. 2) What is the relevance of Muhammad Inwanuddin's 'irfani reasoning with scientific facts in the success of rukyatul hilal.
This type of research is included in the qualitative category with field research studies, then this study uses an epistemological approach of 'irfani and phenomenology to describe the data that has been obtained. Sources of data used by the author in this study were interviews with research subjects as primary data and various books, journal articles, scientific papers and documents related to the discussion in this study as secondary data. The data collection technique used by the author in this study is a semi-structured interview technique and participant observation technique, while to analyze the data the author uses a data explication technique.
The results of this study indicate that: 1) 'Irfani reasoning related to spirituality and religiosity carried out by Muhammad Inwanuddin has a positive effect on the success rate of rukyatul hilal, especially in the implementation of rukyatul hilal at the beginning of Ramadan 1431 H and Muharram 1439 H. 2) Relevance between reasoning ‘irfani related to spirituality and religiosity carried out by Muhammad Inwanuddin with scientific facts in the success of rukyatul hilal in fact there is a match and significance between the two.
الملخص
في تنفيذ رئية الهلال ، يستخدم محمد عنوان الدين دائمًا عيونًا مباشرة أو بدون مساعدات رئيات. تم الحكم على عدة تقارير عن نجاحها في رئية الهلال على أنها لا تتوافق مع معايير إمكان الرئيات التي تستخدمها وزارة الدين في جمهورية إندونيسيا ، مثل التحديد الأولي لشهر رمضان ١٤٣١ هـ ومحرم ١٤٣٩ هـ. أشارت الفرضية الأولية إلى أن هناك عوامل روحانية وتدين أثرت في نجاحه في رئية الهلال ، بحيث تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فهم والإجابة على الأسئلة ذات الصلة: ١) ما مدى نجاح رئية الهلال لمحمد عنوان الدين في رمضان ١٤٣١ هـ ومحرم. ١٤٣٩ هـ في منظور عرفاني. ٢) ما علاقة منطق العرفاني لمحمد عنوان الدين بالحقائق العلمية في نجاح رئية الهلال.
يندرج هذا النوع من البحث ضمن الفئة النوعية مع الدراسات البحثية الميدانية ، ثم تستخدم هذه الدراسة المنهج المعرفي للعرفاني والظواهر لوصف البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها. كانت مصادر البيانات التي استخدمها المؤلف في هذه الدراسة هي المقابلات مع موضوعات البحث مثل البيانات الأولية والكتب المختلفة والمقالات الصحفية والأوراق العلمية والوثائق المتعلقة بالمناقشة في هذه الدراسة كبيانات ثانوية. تقنية جمع البيانات المستخدمة من قبل المؤلف في هذه الدراسة هي تقنية مقابلة شبه منظمة وتقنية ملاحظة المشاركين ، بينما لتحليل البيانات يستخدم المؤلف تقنية شرح البيانات.
تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن: ١) استنتاج عرفاني للروحانية والتدين الذي قام به محمد عنوان الدين كان له تأثير إيجابي على معدل نجاح رئية الهلال ، خاصة في تنفيذ رئية الهلال في بداية شهر رمضان ١٤٣١ هـ. محرم ١٤٣٩ هـ ٢) الصلة بين التفكير العرفي المرتبط بالروحانية والتدين الذي قام به محمد عنوان الدين مع الحقائق العلمية في نجاح رئية الهلال في الواقع هناك تطابق ودلالة بين الاثنين
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