1,720,959 research outputs found
Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey
No full textPurpose: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a global health threat in the last two decades. In this study, we aimed to determine antibiotic resistance using phenotypic and genotypic methods in VRE strains obtained from inpatients and to investigate clonal relatedness among strains. Methods: Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of 47 VRE strains obtained from inpatients at Karabuk University Hospital from 2014 to 2015 were determined using the BD PhoenixTM automated microbiology system. Vancomycin resistance genes (Van A and B) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Clonal relatedness among the strains was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: All 47 VRE strains obtained from rectal (n=35), blood (n=7), and urine (n=5) samples were confirmed as Enterococcus faecium; they were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. One E. faecium isolate was intermediately resistant to linezolid. No strain was resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin or daptomycin. Only vanA was detected among strains. According to the PFGE results, 31 of 47 strains were clonally related with a clustering rate of 66%. No common clone was detected. Conclusion: VRE infections are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenditures. Increasing resistance to last-line drugs, such as linezolid and daptomycin, among VRE strains is a great concern. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be performed to reduce VRE colonization. Although there was no common clone VRE outbreak, polyclonal spread was observed in our hospital. The high clustering rate indicated cross-contamination. Thus, a more effective infection control program should be implemented.Karabuk University Scientific Research Project Unit [KBU-BAP-KT-061]This study was funded by the Karabuk University Scientific Research Project Unit (project number: KBU-BAP-KT-061). This study was presented at the International DNA Day And Genome Congress (April 24-28, 2017, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey). The authors would like to thank Professor Seyit Ali Kayis for statistical analysis
An Evaluation of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Frequency and the Anti-hepatitis B Surface Seropositivity of Syrian Refugees in the Karabuk Province
No full textObjectives: To investigate the frequency of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and HCV with anti- hepatitis B Surface (HBs) seropositivity using serological and molecular methods in Syrian refugees in the Karabuk. Materials and Methods: The study included the HBs Antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs, anti-HCV, HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA, and HCV genotyping results of Syrian refugees who presented at the Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital between January 2016 and March 2019. Results: The 809 patients were comprised of 536 (66.3%) females and 273 (33.7%) males with a mean age of 34 years. HBsAg was found to be positive in 2.3% of patients and in all HBV-DNA were positive. The anti-HBs seropositivity rate was determined as 21.6% and a significant difference was determined between age groups (p=0.001). The anti-HCV was positive in 8 (1%) patients and the HCV-RNA viral load was determined in 7/8. In these 7 patients, the HCV genotype was determined as genotype 1b in 3, genotype 3 in 2, and genotype 4 in 2. Conclusion: This study showed that while the frequency of HBV and HCV in Syrian refugees was similar to the data for Turkey, anti-HBs seropositivity was extremely low. Hepatitis B vaccination programs for Syrian refugees should be implemented and regularly followed up
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Candida Tür Tayininde Rutinde Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Yöntemlerle Yeni Kullanılmaya Başlayan MALDI Tof-Ms ve Moleküler Yöntemlerin Sonuç Verme Süreleri, Maliyetleri ve Güvenilirliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
No full textIn recent years, the fast and accurate identification of the Candida species is of great importance as the response to antifungal treatment differs among species. Following the treatment of several immunosuppressive diseases, fungal infections can emerge. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, costs and time of result periods of the methods used in the identification of the most common human fungal infectious agent, Candida strains. From various clinical samples sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital between July 2016-December 2017, a total of 91 yeast isolates cultivated in blood agar (Becton Dickinson, USA) and/or Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA-Oxoid, UK), confirmed with colony morphology and microscopic appearance, identified as Candida species with a fully automated identification system (Phoenix (TM) Yeast ID Panel, Becton Dickinson Diagnostics, USA) were included in the study. All the samples were examined with sequence analysis using ITS1 forward 5'-TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G-3' and ITS4 reverse 5'-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3' primers (Iontek, Turkey) and the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS) systems. Molecular sequence analysis was accepted as the gold standard method and the results were compared with those of the other methods MALDI TOF-MS and Phoenix (TM) Yeast ID Panel in respect of the accuracy of the identification of Candida strains. According to the results of the DNA sequence analysis of the 91 Candida isolates included in the study, 24 were identified as Candida albicans, 20 Candida tropicalis, 16 Candida parapsilosis, 13 Candida glabrata, seven Candida kefyr, six Candida krusei, two of each Candida dubliniensis, Candida guilliermondi and one Candida lusitaniae. Compared to the results of the DNA sequence analysis, the accurate identification of the fully automated Phoenix (TM) system and the MALDI TOF-MS system was found as 92.3% and 97.8%, respectively. In addition to accuracy, costs and time of result periods of the three methods were also compared. Disregarding the cost of the device in the 3 methods, when the comparison was made of the cost per test and the time to results after pure production in SDA agar, the MALDI TOF-MS system was determined to have the lowest costs and provided results in the shortest time. As some of the Candida strains have antifungal resistance, identification of the strains must be a priority in respect of starting early treatment. The MALDI TOF-MS system has high performance in accurate identification, low costs and the system provides the results within minutes, thereby allowing immediate decision to be made for the antifungal treatment to be started. Thus, the morbidity, mortality and cost rates will be reduced. In conclusion, as the MALDI TOF-MS is a rapid, reliable and low cost per test system, it can be considered suitable for routine use in laboratories
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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