100,478 research outputs found
Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation
No full textWaterpipe tobacco smoking is a traditional method of tobacco use, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), but its use is now spreading worldwide. Recent epidemiological data, for example, show that waterpipe smoking has become the most prevalent tobacco use method among adolescents in the EMR, and the second most prevalent in the US. Waterpipes are used socially, often being shared between friends or family at home, or in dedicated bars and cafes that provide waterpipes to patrons. Because the smoke passes through a reservoir of water, waterpipe tobacco smoking is perceived as being less harmful than other methods of tobacco use. At least in some cultures, women and girls are more likely to use a waterpipe than to use other forms of tobacco, and it is popular among younger smokers. Accumulating evidence suggests that some waterpipe smokers become addicted, have difficulty quitting, and experience similar health risks as cigarette smokers
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Pengaruh Lokasi Dan Word Of Mouth Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Kasus Konsumen Di Asfar Fried Chicken Kudus)
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji secara empiris
Pengaruh Lokasi dan Word Of Mouth Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Stadi Kasus Konsumen di Asfar Fried Chicken Kudus baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode
field research yang disebar langsung pada 100 responden konsumen di Asfar Fried Chicken Kudus. Dimana terdapat dua variabel yaitu lokasi dan word of mouth marketing sebagai variabel bebas (independent) dan keputusan pembelian sebagai variabel terikat (dependent), dengan menggunakan sumber data di antaranya data primer dan sekunder, populasi dan sampel. Metode analisa data dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda, uji hipotesis berupa uji T dan uji simulasi berupa uji F.
Dari hasil penelitian tentang lokasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian yakni sebesar 0,534 dan nilai 5,589. Word Of Mouth Marketing memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian yakni sebesar 0,562 dan nilai 6,093. Selanjutnya dalam uji pengaruh lokasi dan word of mouth marketing bersama-sama secara simultan dengan uji F (anova) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai F hitung sebesar
126,893 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000 yang jauh dibawah 0,05,
sehingga hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa F hitung lebih besar dari F
tabel (126,893 > 3,09). Hasil koefisien determinasi dapat diketahui bahwa besarnya R Square adalah 0,723 atau 72,3%. Ini artinya sumbangan pengaruh variabel independen lokasi dan word of mouth marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian di Asfar Fried Chicken Kudus adalah sebesar (100% - 72,3% = 27,7%), sedangkan sisanya sebesar 27,7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain
The risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): An umbrella review: Taghrid Asfar
No full textBACKGROUND: Balancing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) health communication between limiting the harm for new users while offering current smokers the benefits of reduced-risk products is challenging. This umbrella review aims to summarize the evidence about ENDS risk and safety health profile to inform ENDS health communication strategies. METHODS: Six databases were searched for systematic reviews presenting evidence on ENDS health effects. Ninety reviews divided into 5 categories were included: toxicity = 20, health effects = 40, smoking cessation = 24, transition to combustible cigarettes (CCs) = 13, and industry claims = 4. Findings were summarized narratively. Meta-analyses were conducted when appropriate. Quality assessment was conducted using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. The Institute of Medicine's Levels of Evidence Framework was used to classify the evidence into high-level, moderate, limited-suggestive, and limited-not-conclusive. RESULTS: We found high-level evidence that ENDS exposes users to toxic substances; increases the risk of asthma; leads to nicotine dependence; causes serious injuries due to explosion or poisoning; increases smoking cessation in clinical trials but not in observational studies; increases CCs initiation; and exposure to ENDS marketing increases its use/intention-to-use. Evidence was moderate for ENDS association with mental health and substance use, and limited-not-conclusive for its association with cardiovascular, cancer, ear, ocular, and oral diseases, and pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, ENDS communication can focus on high-level evidence related to ENDS association with toxicity, nicotine addiction, respiratory disease, ENDS-specific harm (explosion, poisoning), and anti-ENDS industry sentiment. Further research is needed to assess the full spectrum of ENDS health profiles. KEY MESSAGES: • Further research is needed to establish the risk and safety health profile of ENDS with consideration of the wide variety of ENDS, their frequency of use, and different segments of the population. • More prospective cohort studies that take place over longer time periods and with larger sample sizes are necessary to gauge accurately the short- and long-term health-related risks of ENDS
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
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