23 research outputs found
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Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Residents
Get PDFObjectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Saudi Arabia are not often reported in the literature. This study aimed to identify musculoskeletal symptoms among otorhinolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in May 2018 and included residents registered in the Saudi Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Board Training programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess musculoskeletal symptoms in addition to demographic and occupational factors, including operating position and the average number of operating hours. Results: A total of 45 residents (response rate: 68.2%) completed the survey, including 33 males (73.3%) and 12 females (26.7%). Most residents (91.1%) reported at least one musculoskeletal symptom. The most commonly reported musculoskeletal over the previous 12 months were shoulder complaints (64.4%) followed by neck complaints (60%). In the short term (i.e. within seven days preceding the survey), neck complaints were more common than shoulder complaints (28.9% versus 20%). Lower back complaints were the most common cause of activity limitation (24.4%) followed by shoulder complaints (13.3%), while those with neck complaints reported it as a cause for visiting a physician (8.9%). Hip and thigh complaints were significantly more frequent among residents with operation times of eight hours or more compared to those who operating for less than eight hours (42.9% versus 5.9%; P = 0.021). Conclusion: A high incidence of shoulder, neck and lower back complaints was found in this study. Residency is an ideal time in an otorhinolaryngologist’s career to implement programmes in ergonomic best practices before bad habits are developed.Keywords: Otorhinolaryngology; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Symptoms and Signs; Workplace; Ergonomics; Saudi Arabia
Acne Vulgaris in Saudi Arabia – Myths and Common Misconceptions: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textBackground:
Acne vulgaris is a long-term condition of the sebaceous glands that usually occurs during puberty. The mean prevalence of acne in Saudi males is 54% and ranges from 54% to 84% among Saudi females. Despite the high prevalence of acne vulgaris, it is shrouded in multiple misconceptions that are widely spread among the general public and among patients with acne.
Purpose:
This study is conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness, and widespread myths and misconceptions about acne vulgaris.
Methods:
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Saudi Arabia in August 2022 through 1164 self-administered, convenient sampling technique online questionnaires. Sociodemographic data, as well as knowledge regarding acne and its treatment, were collected and evaluated.
Results:
Three-quarters of the respondents (73%) knew that stress precipitated acne, and two-thirds (66%) knew that fat-rich food could increase the risk of developing acne. Knowledge was lower in males than females, while a family history of acne was associated with higher knowledge. Most respondents (76%) knew that hormonal changes could precipitate acne. More than half of the respondents did not know whether Vitamin A derivatives increased the risk of depression (61%), anxiety, and stress (55%). Three-quarters of the respondents (73%) knew that stress precipitated acne, and two-thirds (66%) knew that fat-rich food could increase the risk of developing acne. The most common source of information was the Internet (40.8%) followed by social media platforms (25.2%) and physicians (15.2%).
Conclusion:
There was an adequate level of knowledge. Approximately half of the respondents declared the Internet as a source of their information. We recommend physicians to educate their patients about acne, to elaborate society-oriented campaigns, and to encourage dermatologists to spread information through the Internet and social media platforms as they are considered a major source of information in this study
Isotretinoin musculoskeletal side effects: a systematic review
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate musculoskeletal complications secondary to isotretinoin use. A systematic review was conducted, and a total of 49 studies, including analytical studies, case reports, and case series, were included in the analysis. The studies examined musculoskeletal symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatment approaches associated with isotretinoin use. Musculoskeletal symptoms reported in the studies included lethargy, myalgia, low back pain, arthralgia, tendinopathy, and sacroiliitis. Physical examination findings and radiological findings were used to confirm the diagnoses. Treatment approaches ranged from [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] to discontinuation of isotretinoin. Some studies have explored the impact of isotretinoin dosage, treatment duration, and vitamin levels on musculoskeletal symptoms. Isotretinoin-induced sacroiliitis and [diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)] emerged as notable musculoskeletal complications. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring patients for potential musculoskeletal side effects and implementing appropriate interventions
The psychosocial burden of androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground:
The most prevalent cause of hair loss is androgenetic alopecia. Improved therapeutic modalities may result from knowing how stress affects hair growth, incorporating stress-coping methods into the treatment of hair loss disorders, and developing new pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This study aimed to examine the psychosocial burden of androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted among patients with androgenetic alopecia in Saudi Arabia in February 2023. A previously developed questionnaire was adapted from a previously published tool and used in this study. This association between patients' characteristics and the level of psychosocial disease was identified using binary logistic regression analysis.
Results:
This study included 1230 patients. The majority of the patients (78.0%) reported that they felt embarrassed by their androgenetic alopecia. The median score of the psychosocial impact of androgenetic alopecia on the patients was 1.00 (0.00–2.00), which is equal to 10.0%, reflecting a low level of psychosocial burden on the patients by their condition. Binary logistic regression analysis identified that patients without a family history of androgenetic alopecia were 36.0% less likely to be affected psychosocially by their condition (P < 0.01).
Conclusions:
A low-level psychosocial effect was seen in our study among individuals with androgenetic alopecia. Further research should be done to determine how the type of alopecia affects patients' psychological results, as well as the influence of the disease's duration on those outcomes. Dermatologists are recommended to raise patients' knowledge of their disease and lessen stigmatization in the meantime
Cosmetic dermatology training: Perceptions and experiences of dermatologists and residents in Saudi Arabia
No full textBackground: According to the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, nearly 12 million dermatological procedures were performed in 2017, of which more than half were cosmetic surgeries. The Saudi population has a positive attitude toward and acceptance of cosmetic surgeries, with a dramatic increase in demand from female patients. Dermatologists are expected to be familiar with several cosmetic procedures, therefore, the quality of residency cosmetic training must be of the highest standards. Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the experience of dermatologists and dermatology residents regarding cosmetic dermatology training in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, online, questionnaire-based study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020 among 101 dermatologists and dermatology residents (postgraduate years 2, 3, and 4) in Saudi Arabia. Results: Laser surgery was the most performed procedure (65%), followed by botulinum toxin injection (50%). Experience was lacking and additional training was needed for soft-tissue filling (77%) and chemical peels (60%). A large majority (90%) reported not receiving adequate cosmetic procedures training during their residency. Conclusion: The growing demand for cosmetic operations has increased the need for cosmetic dermatological training. Although most trainees were exposed to esthetic dermatology at some point, this exposure appears inadequate. Improving the curriculum in the dermatology residency program for training in cosmetic procedures may be a priority
A comparative study of multilingual Pakistanis in Amsterdam and Birmingham
Get PDFThis thesis examines the language use of adult, first generation Pakistanis and Kashmiris settled in
Amsterdam and Birmingham. It seeks to show that the research subjects' use of the many languages and
language varieties at their command is neither random nor illogical, but rather, aids both community formation in the diaspora and the attainment of individual goals. This attainment of goals involves a use of language which may be pragmatic or affective but, particularly when addressing a heterogeneous audience, is often both simultaneously. The primary importance of context is illustrated. This context is both transnational, in the sense that the Pakistani migrant-settlers studied form part of a world-wide diaspora, and bounded by conditions in the two European metropolises of Amsterdam and Birmingham. There is also a local context, defined by the particular areas of town where most of the respondents lived. Finally, there is a context of power relationships operating through community networks, where gender and religion, in this case Islam, play a significant role.
The Introduction discusses some historical and political aspects of language issues in the Indian subcontinent
and their continuing influence. The first part of the Literature Review and much of Chapter Four, which examine previous studies of the Pakistani communities in England and the Netherlands and give background information respectively, concentrate more on the influence of place than time. Chapter Four also contains a discussion of how the concept of "diaspora" may be applied to the Pakistanis here studied. Many of the languages spoken by the respondents form part of a continuum: hence, the repeated use of terms such as "the Punjabi family of languages", or, "the Pahari group". These and other terms are defined in the Methodology section, which is Chapter Three.
Issues of methodology are not restricted to Chapter Three but are also strands which run through the whole work. The highly multilingual nature of the research subjects rendered some techniques favoured by sociolinguists, such as matched guise tests, inappropriate. The mobility of many individuals posed both practical and analytical difficulties. Some questions of particular social relevance to the group studied influenced research design, such as the separation of the sexes and, in Amsterdam, the presence of undocumented workers in the community. Language issues which are of great concern to researchers in Pakistan and northern India have less relevance in the Netherlands and England, and the reverse is also true. This became apparent to the researcher through conversations with scholars in Pakistan during her fieldwork visit there. More co-operation by scholars in the regions of origin and in the regions of settlement on the interface between ethnicity and language is needed. Any such collaborative research could have important applications in the areas of language planning and language rights.
Chapter Five discusses findings from the individual interviews and Chapter Six deals with the analysis
of the observation of group interactions. They are separate sections for clarity of exposition but this separation is artificial. All of the interviewees also participated in at least one and typically several of the group events. Hence, it was possible to observe and analyse the differences and similarities between individuals' reported and actual language use, and how individuals, with their distinct histories and statuses contribute to and benefit from group multilingual encounters.
The Conclusion shows how the Pakistani communities studied - and the researcher believes this must be true of many other migrant groups - came from multiethnic, multicultural and multilingual societies and settled in similarly heterogeneous environments in Europe. Hence, far from suffering crises as a result of being "between two cultures", they were able to use tried and tested strategies in the new environment to their advantage. Central to such regroupment and reworking of tradition was their multilingualism
Surviving Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO): The Roles of Severity Scores and Post-Operative Lactate Clearance
No full textBACKGROUND: This study investigated the association of the Survival After VA-ECMO (SAVE) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and post-cannulation lactate levels with mortality among patients treated with veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for refractory cardiogenic shock (CS).
METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO cannulation from January 2018 to September 2022 at a quaternary care center. All-cause in-hospital mortality was assessed and compared to predicted mortality by SAVE and SOFA scores prior to cannulation, with adjusted odds ratio of risk factors for mortality identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the prognostic value of 8-h post-cannulation serum lactate levels was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan Meier analysis of 30-day survival.
RESULTS: 244 patients were included in final analysis. All-cause in-hospital mortality was 70 %, and 54 % of patients died while on ECMO or within 24 h of decannulation. Pre-cannulation SAVE score (OR 0.93 per unit increase, 95 % CI 0.86-0.99, p = 0.008), SOFA score (OR 1.54 per unit increase, 95 % CI 1.32-1.75), and 8-h post-cannulation lactate levels (OR 1.20 per mmol/L increase, 95 % CI 1.04-1.36, p = 0.008) were independently associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. 8-h post-cannulation lactate levels ≥5.3 mmol/L demonstrated high specificity for in-hospital mortality (90.0 %), while levels ≥7.8 mmol/L were demonstrated high specificity for VA-ECMO death (91.1 %). These thresholds were significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality (p \u3c 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Pre-cannulation SAVE and SOFA scores are useful prognostic tools in patients with CS. 8-h post-cannulation serum lactate levels are a pragmatic biomarker and can further assist in prognostication of patients on VA-ECMO, and the cutoffs of 5.3 mmol/L and 7.8 mmol/L have high specificity for all-cause mortality and VA-ECMO mortality, respectively. The development of accurate prognostic tools is critical in managing and optimizing care for patients with CS
Oral and topical peptides for skin aging: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textIntroductionSkin aging manifests as wrinkles, reduced elasticity, and roughness due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Peptide-based therapies enhance collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix integrity. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluates the efficacy and safety of oral and topical peptides in improving hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, and brightness.MethodsA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing peptide effects on skin aging parameters were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) assessed study quality. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model in RStudio (R version 4.1.1).ConclusionNineteen RCTs involving 1,341 participants were analyzed. Peptides, particularly oral formulations, significantly improved hydration and brightness, with a modest pooled effect on wrinkle reduction (MD = 0.27, p = 0.04). Subgroup analysis indicated that this benefit was largely driven by oral polypeptides (MD = 1.5, p = 0.01). While effects on elasticity and density were inconsistent, peptides were well tolerated, with minimal adverse events reported across trials. Overall, peptides appear to be safe, non-invasive anti-aging agents, though larger RCTs with standardized outcomes and histopathologic assessment are warranted.Systematic review registrationidentifier CRD420250652779
Efeito dos óleos de coco e cártamo na adiposidade abdominal e perfil lipídico de ratas realimentadas com frutose
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2014Alterações no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos podem desempenhar um importante papel no desenvolvimento de complicações metabólicas. A frutose tem sido relacionada com alterações no perfil lipídico, acúmulo de gordura hepática e no tecido adiposo, sendo utilizada como modelo para induzir esteatose hepática em animais. Alguns óleos vêm sendo consumidos a fim de reduzir gordura abdominal e melhorar o perfil lipídico. Este estudo objetivou investigar o efeito dos óleos de coco e de cártamo na adiposidade abdominal, na glicemia e em parâmetros lipídicos de ratas realimentadas com frutose após jejum. Foram utilizadas 48 ratas Wistar adultas, mantidas em gaiolas individuais e distribuídas em seis grupos de oito animais: Controle-C, Soja-F, Óleo de Coco 1-Co1, Óleo de Coco 2-Co2, Óleo de Cártamo 1-Ca1 e Óleo de Cártamo 2-Ca2. O experimento totalizou 17 dias. Após adaptados por sete dias, os grupos receberam por sete dias dieta com óleo teste como fonte lipídica, permaneceram em jejum durante 48 horas e foram realimentados com dieta contendo frutose por 24 horas. Os grupos Co2 e Ca2 receberam dieta com seu óleo teste na intervenção e realimentação. Usou-se dieta AIN-93G com modificações. Ao final, realizou-se a eutanásia e foram coletadas amostras de sangue e órgãos para as determinações bioquímicas. O fígado, coração, rim e tecido adiposo retroperitoneal foram pesados para comparação entre grupos. Foram realizados os homogenatos hepático e cardíaco para a determinar os parâmetros lipídicos. Os dados foram analisados no software GraphPad Instat 3.0, sendo significativo o valor de pAbstract: Changes in fatty acid metabolism may play an important role in the development of metabolic complications. Fructose has been associated with changes in lipid profile, liver and adipose tissue fat accumulation, so it is used for development of hepatic steatosis in animal models. Some oils have been consumed to reduce abdominal fat and improve the lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coconut and safflower oil on abdominal adiposity, glucose and lipid profile in rats fructose-refed after fasting. 48 female Wistar rats were housed in individual cages and randomly distributed in six groups: Control-C, Soybean Oil-S, Coconut Oil 1-Co1, Coconut Oil 2-Co2, Safflower Oil 1-Ca1 and Safflower Oil 2-Ca2. The experiment lasted 17 days. After six day in an adaptation period, the groups received during a week coconut or safflower oil diet as a lipid source. Then, they were fasted for 48 hours and refed with a fructose rich diet for 24 hours. The Co2 and Ca2 groups received diet with its oil test before and after refeeding. All diets were prepared according to AIN-93G recommendations. After 17 days, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyzes. The liver, heart, kidney and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were weighed for comparison between groups. The liver and heart were homogenates and lipid profile was performed. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Instat 3.0 software, considering statistically significant p value <0.05. ANOVA with Tukey post-test or Kruskal-wallis with Dunn post-test were used for comparison between groups. There was no plasma change. In the liver, coconut oil increased the concentrations of triglycerides and reduced cholesterol and non-HDL-c. In the heart, safflower oil increased concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and non-HDL-c. No changes were observed in weight of adipose tissue and organs
