1,720,981 research outputs found
Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy: review of the literature
No full textLiterature experiences in cancer treatment usually deal with either targeting the tumour cell or the immune system, which often fail to reach the curative purposes in many solid tumours. On the other hand, one mechanism of radiation-induced tumour control is the activation of the adaptive immune system by tumour antigen release following radiotherapy. So, combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint blockade treatment at the same time may represent a way to stimulate the adaptive immune system, with further amplification of immune responses reached through systemic immune checkpoint blockade. Until now, only few studies deal with the association of immune checkpoint blockade treatment and radiotherapy. In this review, we evaluate this association, highlighting this possibility as a new strategy to improve outcome in cancer patients
Eco color Doppler con SMI a confronto con CEUS e Angio TC nell'identificazione e classificazione di Endoleak in pazienti sottoposti ad EVAR: risultati preliminari
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Contrast-enhanced second-harmonic sonography in the detection of pseudocapsule in renal cell carcinoma
No full text“OBJECTIVE. Our purpose was to assess the capacity of contrast-enhanced second-harmonic sonography to detect a pseudocapsule in renal masses compared with conventional gray-scale sonography.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-two patients with 40 renal masses suspicious for renal cancer (mean diameter, 3.1 cm) were prospectively studied with contrast-enhanced second-harmonic sonography during IV administration of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent. The sonographic criteria for the presence of a pseudocapsule were a peritumoral hypoanechoic halo on conventional gray-scale imaging and a rim of perilesional enhancement, increasing in the tardive phase of the examination, on contrast-enhanced second-harmonic imaging. Multiphasic helical CT or dynamic MRI or both were performed in all patients.
RESULTS. Final diagnoses of the 40 renal masses were as follows: hemorrhagic cysts, five; angiomyolipomas, four; lymphomas, four; metastasis from lung cancer, one; and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 26. Histologic diagnosis of RCC was surgically obtained in all patients. Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 12 of 26 RCCs, and radical nephrectomy was performed in the remaining 14. At pathologic examination, pseudocapsule was found in 14 (53.8%) of 26 RCCs. On conventional sonography, the presence of a pseudocapsule was detected in 3 of 14 RCCs (sensitivity, 21%). Sonographic contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging revealed the presence of pseudocapsule in 12 of 14 RCCs (sensitivity, 85.7%). In the remaining 12 RCCs with either absent or extensive neoplastic infiltration of pseudocapsule seen at pathologic evaluation, pseudocapsule was not visible on either conventional or contrast-enhanced second-harmonic sonography. The pseudocapsule was not visible in any of the 14 noncancerous renal masses on either conventional or contrast-enhanced sonography.
CONCLUSION. Sonographic contrast-specific imaging with a second-generation contrast agent is effective in improving the sonographic visualization of tumoral pseudocapsule. This finding could be useful both in the sonographic diagnosis and in the choice of conservative surgery for renal cell carcinoma. The potential role of second-harmonic contrast-enhanced sonography in the management of renal cell carcinoma should be investigated in larger series and compared with the findings of state-of-the-art MRI and CT.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Quale ruolo per l’eco-contrastografia nella valutazione dell’Endoleak nelle endoprotesi aortiche? Confronto tra CEUS e TC su ampia popolazione
No full textDual Energy CT Scanning in Evaluation of the Urinary Tract
No full textPurpose: This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current techniques and possibilities for DECT in genito-urinary imaging. Recent Findings: Datasets obtained with each DE acquisition carry different information, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative improvement of images results in a better contrast resolution and noise reduction, whereas the iodine amount in tissues can be quantified and expressed in mg/mL yielding information on tissue vascularization. Despite the concern on radiation dose exposure, DECT obviates the need of unenhanced standard scanning phase and with the monochromatic images, a higher contrast-to-noise ratio is obtained reducing artifacts such as beam hardening and pseudo-enhancement. Furthermore, DECT allows composition characterization of renal stones and helps in differentiating adrenal adenomas from non-adenomas. Summary: Dual energy technology brought considerable innovation in the field of CT imaging since its first use. Genitourinary imaging represents one of the pivotal fields of application in which researchers have tested the performance of dual energy CT (DECT)
Valutazione dell'elastosonografia ultrasonografica quasistatica con ECI Index per la differenziazione delle lesioni paratiroidee dalle lesioni tiroidee ectopiche o dalle linfoadenopatie
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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