131,495 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Catch the Heterogeneity: The New Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating
No full textThe purpose of this article is to develop a bank-oriented rating approach, tailored by incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions, named “Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating” (BTIR). BTIR is able to catch the financial cycle, including the pandemic crisis, and the ongoing change in banking normative from a microeconomic perspective, and it is inherently coherent with the challenging frontier of forecasting tail risk in financial markets in similar ways as in De Nicolò and Lucchetta (2017), although their approach is macroeconomic) since it considers the downside risk in the theoretical framework. The method employed was an innovative integrated rating (IR) statistical and econometrical panel pre-selection analysis that takes into account the characteristics of risk and the greater heterogeneity of the banks. The result is a challenge rating procedure delivering forward-looking preselection requested by the new International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS-9). The future direction is extremely promising given the increase in idiosyncratic and systemic risks in financial markets.The purpose of this article is to develop a bank-oriented rating approach, tailored by incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions, named "Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating" (BTIR). BTIR is able to catch the financial cycle, including the pandemic crisis, and the ongoing change in banking normative from a microeconomic perspective, and it is inherently coherent with the challenging frontier of forecasting tail risk in financial markets in similar ways as in De Nicole and Lucchetta (2017), although their approach is macroeconomic) since it considers the downside risk in the theoretical framework. The method employed was an innovative integrated rating (IR) statistical and econometrical panel pre-selection analysis that takes into account the characteristics of risk and the greater heterogeneity of the banks. The result is a challenge rating procedure delivering forward-looking preselection requested by the new International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS-9). The future direction is extremely promising given the increase in idiosyncratic and systemic risks in financial markets
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Tüberküloz ve D vitamini
No full textTüberküloz, hala tüm dünyada yılda bir milyondan fazla kişinin ölümüne yol açan en yaygın hastalıklardan biridir. Özellikle çoklu ilaca dirençli Mycobacterium tuberculosis enfeksiyonlarında antimikrobiyal tedavi cevabını arttırmak için yeni ajanların gelişimine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Antibiyotik öncesi dönemde tüberküloz tedavisinde kullanılan D vitamini, antitüberküloz ilaçların gelişimiyle önemini yitirmiştir. Son zamanlarda D vitamini aktif metaboliti, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin Dnin mikobakterilerde bağışık yanıtı arttırdığı bilinmektedir. D vitamininin direkt öldürücü etkisi yoktur, ancak 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D, bağışık yanıt üzerinde modülator görevi yapar. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D sentezi endojen defensin ve katelisidin sentezini arttırır. Bu ürünlerin bakterilere ve M.tuberculosis gibi hücre içi yerleşimli mikroorganizmalara direkt ölümcül etkileri vardır. Bu derlemede, D vitamininin, M.tuberculosis enfeksiyonunda konak direncindeki rolü ve destek tedavisi ile ilgili etkileri tartışılmıştır.Tuberculosis (TB) is still highly prevalent world-wide accounting for over one million deaths annually. Especially the multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis necessitates the development of new agents to enhance the response to antimicrobial therapy for active TB. In the pre-antibiotic era, vitamin D was used to treat TB. However, after the development of antituberculosis agents, it lost its importance. Recently, its active metabolite, 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D, was shown to enhance the immune response to mycobacteria. Vitamin D does not have a direct killing effect but 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D, is a modulater of the immune system. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D promotes the production of endogen defensin and cathelicidin. These products have a direct lethal effect on bacteria and intracellular microorganisms like M.tuberculosis. In this review, the role of vitamin D in host resistance to M.tuberculosis infection and its effect for supplementation therapy is discussed
Immigration, Uncertainty, and Macroeconomic Dynamics
No full textThis paper examines the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty in four advanced economies (i.e. US, UK, Germany and France). Migration uncertainty is first captured by the Migration Policy Uncertainty (MPUI) and the Migration Fear (MFI) news‐based indexes developed by Baker et al. (Immigration fears and policy uncertainty, 2015), and then by a novel Google Trend Migration Uncertainty Index (GTMU) based on the frequency of Internet searches for the term ‘immigration’. VAR investigations suggest that the macroeconomic implications of rising migration uncertainty differ across countries. Moreover, news‐based and Google search‐based migration fear shocks generate different macroeconomic effects. For instance, in the US (France), MPUI, MFI and GTMU shocks all improve (undermine) production and labour market conditions in the medium run. For Germany and the UK, mixed evidence is found, suggesting that increasing media attention on migration phenomena and rising population's interest in migration‐related issues influence people's mood differently. The observed heterogeneity in the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty can be explained by cross‐country gaps in (a) the level of labour market rigidity, (b) the degree of people's happiness and life satisfaction and (c) the percentage of graduates.This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty in four advanced economies (i.e. US, UK, Germany and France). Migration uncertainty is first captured by the Migration Policy Uncertainty (MPUI) and the Migration Fear (MFI) news-based indexes developed by Baker et al. (Immigration fears and policy uncertainty, 2015), and then by a novel Google Trend Migration Uncertainty Index (GTMU) based on the frequency of Internet searches for the term ‘immigration’. VAR investigations suggest that the macroeconomic implications of rising migration uncertainty differ across countries. Moreover, news-based and Google search-based migration fear shocks generate different macroeconomic effects. For instance, in the US (France), MPUI, MFI and GTMU shocks all improve (undermine) production and labour market conditions in the medium run. For Germany and the UK, mixed evidence is found, suggesting that increasing media attention on migration phenomena and rising population's interest in migration-related issues influence people's mood differently. The observed heterogeneity in the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty can be explained by cross-country gaps in (a) the level of labour market rigidity, (b) the degree of people's happiness and life satisfaction and (c) the percentage of graduates
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