815 research outputs found
A Second-Order Observation of Organizational Deviance
No full textIn this chapter, Andrea Fried and Arvind Singhal highlight which novel research questions break ground when taking a second-order perspective on organizational deviance. The concept of the ‘second-order observer’ for researchers leaves the assessment of organizational deviance explicitly to the empirical field, and brings organizations and their members as describers, as assessors, and as sanctioners of organizational deviance into the discussion. The chapter strengthens social agency in deviations from standards to counteract the view that deviants are a ‘passive non-entity’. Fried and Singhal describe how organizational deviance has three dimensions and can analytically be distinguished as a descriptive, a normative, and a sanctioning aspect. The chapter concludes with six assignments for developing a concept of organizational deviance.</p
Organizing for Social Change: A Dialectic Journey of Theory and Praxis
No full textPapa, M. J., Singhal, A., & Papa, W. H. (2006). Organizing for social change : a dialectic journey of theory and praxis. New Delhi ; Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications, 2006
Cultural Assumptions that Influence the Implementation of Communication Technologies’, Paper presented at IAMCR
No full textThe authors describe the role that cultural assumptions play in the transfer of new communication technologies between the West and third world countries. They contrast Great Britain, West Germany, and India on five value orientations along which cultures vary: regard for human nature, relationship of man to nature, time orientation, orientation towards activity, and types of relations between people. Pointing out the widely differing assumptions in implementation research in the West and the third world, the authors argue that successful transfer of communication technologies depends upon a match between the cultural values of the third world country implementing the technology and the assumptions inherent in the technology itself and the implementation process for that technology. Noshir S Contractor and Arvind Singhal are doctoral students and Peter R Monge and Janet Fulk are Professor and Associate Professor respectively at the Annenberg School of Communications, University of Southern California, Los AngeJes, California. The authors wish to thank Ms. Vicki Leong for providing some of the resource material used in this paper. A substantial body of research in the West studies the implementation of new information technologies in organizations. As with other aspects of organizational behaviour, many of the theories and models developed were primarily for organizations in western cultures. Crossnational studies of management and organization have provided evidence that much of the research conducted in the West is not generalizable across different forms of economic and cultural systems. In this paper we argue that the cultural determinants of the implementation process are particularly important when studying organizations in the third world
Stakeholder Value Map for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Prioritization
No full text<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The Birla cellulose is global fashion giant under the fortune 500 Aditya Birla Group founded in 1857, Arvind limited is also a global fashion giant founded as Arvind mills in 1897. Both the companies are not only global leaders in their respective domain but are the best exemplars for stakeholder value creation and incorporating sustainability across the value chain activities. The sustainability initiative and sustainable development goals prioritization mapped for both the companies as per stakeholder prioritization. The existing literature used for developing the strong foundation to built-up the integration among stakeholder value map and SDGs prioritization. Further the managerial implications and way forward suggested in the preview and action of Birla cellulose and Arvind limited.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Sustainability, SDGs, Stakeholder value map, SDG Prioritization, Strategic Inferences, Value Creation</p>
Identification and Amplification of Tacit Knowledge: The Positive Deviance Approach as Knowledge Management Praxis
No full textOften the answer to solving complex social problems already exists in the community as some type of tacit knowledge, but it is hidden from plain view. By demonstrating how tacit indigenous knowledge can be identified and amplified through a problem-solving approach known as Positive Deviance (Singhal et al., 2014), this article contributes to the understanding of the knowledge externalization process (Nonaka, 1994). The Positive Deviance (PD) approach is premised on the belief that in every community there are certain individuals or groups whose uncommon behaviours and strategies enable them to find better solutions to problems than their peers, while having access to the same resources. We propose five stages for the identification and amplification of the tacit knowledge in the PD approach. The first stage concerns awareness and breakout of the community “mental prisons.” The second stage refers to identifying the positive deviants—the carriers of the authentic experience and valuable tacit knowledge. The third stage suggests creation of particular conditions to facilitate the “paradigm shift”. The fourth stage indicates self-discovery as the mechanism of knowledge transfer. Finally, the fifth stage highlights the importance of social proof as the justification mechanism for the adoption of self-discovered knowledge as community members embrace the new practice. Through an analysis of two highly effective PD implementations in Vietnam and Argentina, we show how unearthing of tacit knowledge is fundamental to the PD approach, and represents a source of creativity and inspiration for finding efficacious solutions.publishedVersio
Amplification of tacit knowledge through the positive deviance approach
No full textOften the answer to solving complex social problems already exists in the community as some type of tacit knowledge, but it is hidden from plain view. By identifying this tacit knowledge, and then making it useful and available for a wider group of potential users, problem-solvers can greatly expand the solution space. In this paper, we demonstrate how tacit knowledge can be identified and amplified through a problem-solving approach known as Positive Deviance (Singhal et al. 2014). The Positive Deviance (PD) approach is premised on the belief that in every community there are certain individuals or groups whose uncommon behaviors and strategies enable them to find better solutions to problems than their peers, while having access to the same resources. This paper contributes to the understanding of the knowledge externalization process (Nonaka 1994). We identify the four stages for the identification and amplification of the tacit knowledge in the PD approach. The first stage concerns awareness and breakout of the community “mental prisons.” The second stage refers to identifying the positive deviants—the carriers of the authentic experience and valuable tacit knowledge. The third phase suggests creation of particular conditions to facilitate the “paradigm shift”. Finally, the fourth phase occurs as community members embrace the new practice, spurred by the self-discovery and the social proof. Through an analysis of a highly effective nationwide PD implementation in Vietnam, we show how unearthing of tacit knowledge is fundamental to the PD approach, and represents a source of creativity and inspiration for finding efficacious solutions
Understanding the importance of side information in graph matching problem
No full textGraph matching algorithms rely on the availability of seed vertex pairs as side information to deanonymize users across networks. Although such algorithms work well in practice, there are other types of side information available which are potentially useful to an attacker. In this thesis, we consider the problem of matching two correlated graphs when an attacker has access to side information either in the form of community labels or an imperfect initial matching. First, we propose a naive graph matching algorithm by introducing the community degree vectors which harness the information from community labels in an e cient manner. Next, we analyze the basic percolation algorithm for graphs with community structure. Finally, we propose a novel percolation algorithm with two thresholds which uses an imperfect matching as input to match correlated graphs. We also analyze these algorithms and provide theoretical guarantees for matching graphs generated using the Stochastic Block Model.
We evaluate the proposed algorithms on synthetic as well as real world datasets using various experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of communities as side information especially when the number of seeds is small and the networks are weakly correlated. These results motivate the study of other types of potential side information available to the attacker. Such studies could assist in devising mechanisms to counter the effects of side information in network deanonymization.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Kushagra Singhal, accepted the attached license on 2016-11-22 at 11:10.The student, Kushagra Singhal, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-11-22 at 11:16.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-11-22 at 12:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10224 on 2017-02-28 at 14:36:15Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T16:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 98583
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Empowering the oppressed through participatory theater
No full textA partir de una revisión bibliográfica, este artículo describe el
teatro participativo como medio de empoderamiento de los individuos
de la audiencia para dirigir el cambio social. La importancia
del foco en la participación de los oprimidos como medio de organización
para el cambio social fue reconocida por académicos y personas
dedicadas al teatro, especialmente por el celebrado educador brasileño,
Paulo Freire, y el activista de teatro brasileño, Augusto Boal.
Aquí se discute el papel del teatro participativo en el proceso de
involucrar y educar a las audiencias en lo que comúnmente se denomina
estrategia de eduentretenimiento
A new framework of optimizing keyword weights in text categorization and record querying
No full textIn text mining research, the Vector Space Model (VSM) has been commonly used to represent text documents as a vector where each component is associated with a particular word in the documents. Assigning appropriate keyword weights in VSM has been critical in Information Retrieval (IR) and Text Categorization (TC).
Traditionally keyword weighting processes are unsupervised; that is, the knowledge of document's category is not leveraged to label the documents. Typically, each keyword weight is assigned using the term frequency -- inverse document frequency (TFIDF) measure. Although the TFIDF measure has been proven effective in several text mining problems, it might not give the optimal classification power for IR and TC. In this thesis, we propose a new optimization framework to find the best keyword weights based on the proposed inter-class and intra-class similarity concept.
The optimal keyword weight can be viewed as the feature space projection where documents from the same category are best clustered together and separated from other categories. Subsequently, the category average (centroid) classification is employed to categorize text documents. The proposed approach is tested on two practical applications: record query and text categorization. The record query application is slightly different from traditional IR problems as the goal is to find correlated (duplicate and master) text records. This problem was initiated by a telecommunication company where service engineers attempt to look for associations of the current defect problem in previously recorded problems in the database. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly improves the classification accuracy and provides balanced performance as measured on all text categories when compared to the standard TFIDF search. The text categorization application is tested on the Reuters news data set which is a gold-standard benchmark data set. The results show that our framework improves performance for the two applications considered, namely Information Retrieval and Text Categorization.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83)
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