1,720,960 research outputs found
Mechanisms underlying Pavlovian conditioning-like effects in complex contingency learning paradigms
Get PDFPavlovian conditioning (PC) and contingency learning (CL) are common forms of learning depicted in the literature that interestingly also share structural similarities. They also include another task-irrelevant stimulus that cooccurs with the target stimulus and response in the learning environment. The mechanisms underlying the learning effects in both PC and CL have been previously investigated that indicate the presence of two mechanisms – one that is bottom-up which involves automatic retrieval effects, associative links and so on and the other which resembles a top-down approach in the form of explicit instructions, awareness and deductive knowledge. To make a clearer sense of how learning occurs, it is important to also investigate whether effects from short-term episodes of a single task-irrelevant stimulus, target stimulus and response that form a transient representation called a Stimulus-Response Binding (SRB) can continue explaining learning in complex conditions that include, for instance, more than a single irrelevant stimulus. This also provides the scope of exploring whether learning under such complex conditions invokes top-down mediation through having awareness of the relations between the stimuli and responses. This dissertation will explore whether SRB effects can continue explaining learning effects even when the learning setup is complex involving more stimuli contingent with a response. With this, the dissertation also expands the learning literature by exploring the underlying learning mechanisms in contingency learning paradigms that are complex with more than one irrelevant stimulus. The results show that SRB effects do not seem to contribute to the complex contingency learning effects. However, the role of a top-down approach such as contingency awareness is discovered, indicating that the conditions and types of learning can influence the mechanisms leading to learning effects
Relationship Between Language and Music Processing: Evidence from Cross Linguistic Influence on Rhythmic and Melodic Perception
No full textPrevious studies on the relationship language and music have looked at the influence of music on language and vice versa. The current study consisted of two experiments that observed the transfer of learning effect from language to music, specifically influence on rhythmic and melodic perception. Both experiments used the Musical Ear Test (MET) to assess the rhythmic and melodic aptitude. Working memory and phonological memory tasks were administered to control for individual differences. The first experiment investigated the differences in rhythmic perception among English monolinguals and Finnish multilinguals and revealed that there was no significant difference in their rhythmic aptitude. It could be attributed to the monolingual nature of the English participants and also the rhythmic properties of English and Finnish since they do not differ in metric preference. In the second experiment, Dutch speakers learning Chinese were recruited to compare their performances on the melodic aptitude test with Chinese-English bilinguals and Dutch-English bilinguals. Only Chinese English bilinguals showed a significantly higher score on melodic aptitude task than the Chinese learners and Dutch-English bilinguals. This finding suggests that learning a tonal language does not provide sufficient sensitivity in pitch processing as seen among native tonal language speakers to yield a significant transfer effect from language to music. Results also showed that Chinese learners had no correlation between the language task and musical task similar to the Chinese-English bilinguals, indicating that they tend to split the processing of lexical tones from the musical pitch variations unlike the Dutch- English bilinguals who show correlation as they perceive the pitch input from both language and music tasks as general psychoacoustic information. This study adds supporting evidence to the existing literature on the transfer of learning effect and cross domain relationship between language and musi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
