1,720,971 research outputs found
A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity
Get PDFAs average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up to now there is no tool available to deal with these issues in a comprehensive and adequate manner. A new tool, presented here, the Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA) has therefore been developed. It takes into account all actions, from the sun to final services, in three stages: solar energy bioconversion and phytomass production at I; conversion of phytomass and non renewable resources into final products and waste disposal at II ; arrangement of products to meet final needs, such as nutrition, housing mobility etc. at III. IEAs start at the global level with the “GIEA” , the results of which are then to be confronted with constraints at local levels from “LIEAs”. This new tool can be used to identify impacts of technological changes in land management and to compare alternative practices better than with LCAs. It was used to analyze environmental impacts of technological changes between 1950 and 2000 in France, in wheat production at stage I. It appeared that not only yields, but also the primary mitigation potential (PMP) per hectare have been multiplied by 4, whereas the net primary energy gain per ha has been multiplied by 3.2. Besides this, 14,5 Mha (the area of the French forest about a quarter of France) land use change could be avoided; in the case of deforestation this would have led to the emission of more than 4 billion tons of CO2. Lessons are drawn from the past and for the next fifty years: In developed and industrialized countries, alternative managements of land and increased use of non food phytomass can and should be envisaged. In Sub-Saharan Africa population is expected to double during the next 50 years and soil fertility is drastically decreasing; agricultural practices are no longer sustainable. If no changes appear in agriculture, forests and GHG emission from deforestation as well as biodiversity are threatened by further and inevitable land use change. Increasing yields per hectare should therefore become the priority; it would at the same time increase food security, improve mitigation and adaptation to climate change, help to combat deforestation and desertification, better preserve biodiversity, and ultimately also allow more bioenergy production: This would improve the food security and at the same time help to achieve the objectives of the three main UN environmental conventions and of the UN Millennium Goal.Greenhouse Gas Emission, Fossil Fuel, Biodiversity
Responsabilité de l'exploitant an cas de rejets atmosphériques
No full textInternational audience(TA Strasbourg, 2 sept. 1997, M. Arthur Riedacker c/ Préfet du Bas-Rhin, SA Henri Bieber, req. n° 93-82
Responsabilité de l'exploitant an cas de rejets atmosphériques
No full textInternational audience(TA Strasbourg, 2 sept. 1997, M. Arthur Riedacker c/ Préfet du Bas-Rhin, SA Henri Bieber, req. n° 93-82
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Composition du collège des experts
No full textCOORDINATION SCIENTIFIQUE Yves Le Bars, président (YLB Conseils) Elsa Faugère (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) Philippe Menanteau (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) Bernard Multon (École normale supérieure de Cachan) Arthur Riedacker (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) Sébastien Velut (Université de Paris 3) MEMBRES Mohamed Abdesselam (Société Solener) Patrice Baby (Institut de recherche pour le développement) Pierre Couteron (Institut de recherche pour ..
Composition du collège des experts
No full textCOORDINATION SCIENTIFIQUE Yves Le Bars, président (YLB Conseils) Elsa Faugère (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) Philippe Menanteau (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) Bernard Multon (École normale supérieure de Cachan) Arthur Riedacker (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) Sébastien Velut (Université de Paris 3) MEMBRES Mohamed Abdesselam (Société Solener) Patrice Baby (Institut de recherche pour le développement) Pierre Couteron (Institut de recherche pour ..
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Composition of the expert group
No full textSCIENTIFIC COORDINATION Yves Le Bars, Chairman YLB Conseils (Consultancy Firm) Elsa Faugère, INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Bernard Multon, ENS Cachan (The Ecole Normale supérieure Cachan) Arthur Riedacker, INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) Sébastien Velut, Université Paris-III, Institut des Hautes Études d’Amérique latine (Institute for Higher Latin American Studies) MEMBERS Mohamed Abdesselam (SOLENER) Patrice Baby, Development Research I..
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