2,747 research outputs found
Dataset for publication: Post‐war architecture and urban planning as means of reinventing Opole’s past and identity
No full textThe collection includes files related to the publication: Barbara Szczepańska, Post‐War Architecture and Urban Planning as Means of Reinventing Opole’s Past and Identity, „Urban Planning”, Vol 8, No 1 (2023): Bombed Cities: Legacies of Post-War Planning on the Contemporary Urban and Social Fabric, pp. 266-278, https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6079. The collection includes figures used in the publication:Opole_plan A plan of Opole, with areas of Ostrówek (left), Market Square (center) and Central Square (right) highlighted in red. Originally published in: "Guidebook to the city of Opole" ("Przewodnik po mieście Opolu", Opole: Księgarnia Opolska, 1948, https://polona.pl/preview/2f383a4a-5e9e-444d-9e94-366b8ac8610d). Author: Z. Streer. Licence: CC0Opole_Monument to the Opole Silesian Fighters for Freedom A photograph depicting Monument to the Opole Silesian Fighters for Freedom (Pomnik Bojownikom o Wolność Śląska Opolskiego) in Opole. Author: Barbara Szczepańska. Licence: CC0Opole_monument of Kazimierz I Opolczyk A photograph depicting the monument of Kazimierz I Opolczyk in the Market Square in Opole. Author: Barbara Szczepańska. Licence: CC0Opole_Market Square_eastern frontage A photograph depicting eastern frontage of the Market Square in Opole. Author: Barbara Szczepańska. Licence: CC0Opole_Market Square_eastern frontage_before 1945 A photograph depicting eastern frontage of the Market Square in Opole before 1945. Originally published on Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Market_Square_in_Opole,_eastern_frontage.jpg. Author: unknown. Licence: CC0Opole_monument of Frederick the Great A photograph depicting monument of Frederick the Great in Opole, before 1945. Originally published on Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opole_Oppeln_Denkmal_Friedrich_der_Große.jpg. Author: unknown. Licence: CC0</ul
'A date with Barbara': paracosms of the self in biographies of Barbara Newhall Follett
No full textIn 1927, 13-year-old Barbara Newhall Follett published her first book, the critically acclaimed novel, The House Without Windows and Eepersip's Life There.
Twelve years later, on December 7, 1939, 25-year-old Barbara quarrelled with her husband and left her apartment in Boston with $30 in her pocket, and a notebook. She was never seen again.
The House Without Windows is set in a paracosm (Farksolia) she invented, and ends with the metamorphosis of the titular character into a 'fairy-a wood nymph … invisible for ever to all mortals, save those few who have minds to believe, eyes to see'.
In Barbara's (auto)biography, The Unconscious Autobiography of a Child Genius (1966), written by Harold Grier McCurdy 'in collaboration with Helen Follett' (Barbara's mother), the authors wonder: 'Can we be far wrong in substituting Barbara's name for Eepersip's in the closing scenes of [House Without Windows]?
In this paper, I grapple with the formal and ethical challenges of writing about Barbara Newhall Follett, and the ways her family and others have approached the problem of writing her unresolved life story: a child raised and educated in solitude, a celebrated 'natural' child author, a young woman whose disappearance remains unsolved. The paper will explore the ways in which adults write the stories of children's lives, as nostalgia and fable, as fairytale and paracosmic narrative, and the ways in which Barbara's biographers have, consciously and unconsciously, created biographical concordances, or paracosms of the self, in seeking to make meaning of her life's story
Death, Women, and "Value Production": The Circulation of Hair Strings among the Walpiri of the Central Australian Desert
No full text15 p
Barbara Newelska (1919–2012)
No full textThis text has a biographical character – it presents the history of a descendant of a family belonging to Polish gentry, from the happy years of the interwar period, through the dramatic time of the German occupation, and no less difficult post-war years under the communist rule. Barbara Newelska, connected with the estate in Boczki, is the granddaughter of Adam Nencki, brother of Marceli Nencki, a world-famous biochemist. Besides the available published sources, the author makes use of the rich materials from Barbara Newelska’s family collections.Tekst ten ma charakter biograficzny i przedstawia losy potomkini polskiej ziemiańskiej rodziny w XX w., od szczęśliwych lat dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, poprzez dramatyczny okres okupacji i nie mniej trudne powojenne lata rządów komunistycznych. Barbara Newelska, związana z majątkiem w Boczkach, jest wnuczką Adama – brata Marcelego Nenckiego biochemika o światowej sławie. Obok dostępnych źródeł publikowanych w tekście autorka wykorzystuje bogate materiały pochodzące ze zbiorów rodzinnych Barbary Newelskiej
Selected picture books by Barbara Hanuš
No full textNamen diplomskega dela je, da preučimo vire in zapišemo informacije o avtorici predstavimo in analiziramo izbrane slikanice Barbare Hanuš ter te slikanice predstavimo otrokom v vrtcu ter nato predstavimo rezultate dejavnosti v vrtcu oz. predstavimo odziv otrok. V ta namen sem si zastavila predpostavke oz. hipoteze, ki sem jih glede na predstavitev v vrtcu in odziv otrok potrdila ali ovrgla.
Avtorice Barbare Hanuš prej nisem poznala, zato sem se na različne načine in metode lotila raziskovanja o njej in njenih delih ter nato izbrala slikanice, primerne za starostno skupino 2–4 let. V svojem diplomskem delu sem torej analizirala in predstavila sedem izbranih slikanic Barbare Hanuš, in sicer: Mali morski ježek in mala morska deklica (1998), Kje živijo živali? (2013), Različna sva, rada se imava (2013), Beti in Cej nakupujeta (2014) ter zbirko treh knjig O Jakobu in muci Mici (Rojstni dan (2009), Novoletna smrečica (2010) in Maškare (2011)).
V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila avtorico Barbaro Hanuš in ilustratorje, ki so izbrane slikanice ilustrirali (Bojano Dimitrovski, Ano Zavadlav, Petra Škerla in Mojco Cerjak) ter preučila in zapisala nekaj dosedanjih virov in teoretičnih spoznanj o slikanici.
Slikanica je prva knjiga, s katero se otrok srečuje, in je (Haramija, Batič, 2013, str. 23): »Slikanice so posebna oblika knjige, ki združuje besedilo in ilustracijo v enovito celotoslikanica ima torej tri pomembne sestavine: besedilo, ilustracije in vsebinsko-oblikovni odnos med besedilom in ilustracijo.«
Praktični del sem izvajala v enem od posavskih vrtcev, in sicer v dveh skupinah: v kombiniranem oddelku otrok, kjer je starost 2–4 let, ter v homogenem oddelku, kjer je starost 3–4 let. Analizo slikanic pa sem delno naredila po vzorcu Dragice Haramija in Janje Batič iz knjige Poetika slikanice (2013).The purpose of the diploma thesis has been to study the sources and write information about the author, present and analyse the chosen picture books of Barbara Hanuš and present these picture books to the children in the kindergarten and then the results of the activity in the kindergarten and the reactions of the kindergarten children. I have stated assumptions or hypothesis, which have been confirmed or declined.
I had not known the author Barbara Hanuš beforetherefore, I started the research with different methods and ways about her and her work. I chose the picture books, appropriate for the age group of two to four year-olds. In the diploma thesis, I analysed and presented seven chosen picture books of Barbara Hanuš: A little sea urchin and a little mermaid (1998), Where do animals live? (2013), We are different, we like each other (2013), Beti and Cej are shopping (2014) and a collection of three books About Jakob and a cat Mici (A birthday (2009), A Christmas tree (2010) and Carnival figures (2011)).
In the theoretical part, I presented the author Barbara Hanuš and illustrators who illustrated the chosen picture books (Bojana Dimitrovski, Ana Zavadlav, Peter Škerla, and Mojca Cerjak) and studied and wrote some of the sources and theoretical findings about a picture book (Haramija, Batič, 2013, p. 23): »Picture books are a special form of a book, which connects a text with illustration in a uniontherefore, a picture book has three important components: a text, illustrations, and content-form relationship between the text and illustration.«
The practical part has been done in one of the Posavje region kindergartens in two groups: in a combined group with children, aged two to four, and in a homogeneous group of children, aged three to four. The analysis was partially done by the sample of Dragica Haramija and Janja Batič from the book Poetics of a picture book (2013)
Scientific achievements of professor Barbara Skarga
No full textThe author describes the main scientific achievements of prof. Barbara Skarga. The article was written as an opinion in the procedure of renewing her doctorate. The celebration of renewing the doctorate of prof. Barbara Skarga took place at Warsaw University in May 2008
Das Prosawerk Barbara Honigmanns: Eine Poetik des Dazwischen
No full textDer Ausgangspunkt meines Promotionsprojekts war der Befund eines grundsätzlich wenig beachteten Phänomens in literarischen Texten: nämlich der Leistungen von Partikeln. Dafür bot sich das Prosawerk Barbara Honigmanns an, da der hohe Partikelgebrauch bei ihr im Vergleich zu anderen zeitgenössischen Autoren besonders auffällt. Die Auseinandersetzung mit sprachlichen Phänomenen in Literatur ist mittlerweile zwar keine Seltenheit mehr, jedoch sind einige nach wie vor wenig erforscht. Seit der Jahrtausendwende nahm das Interesse an diesem Phänomen zwar erkennbar zu. Hier leistete etwa die Leipziger Linguistin Ulla Fix mit ihrem Titel Zwischen den Zeiten, zwischen den Orten, zwischen den Worten zu Johannes Bobrowski einen bemerkenswerten Beitrag.
Mein erstes Interesse in der Textanalyse war zu untersuchen, ob durch Partikeln Aussagen relativiert werden. Im Vergleich mit Texten von Esther Dischereit, Grete Weil, Maxim Biller, Doron Rabinovici und Katja Behrens bestätigte sich in statistischen Analysen, dass tatsächlich signifikante Unterschiede zu Honigmann im Hinblick auf Quantität, Verwendung und Verteilung vorliegen. Diese waren im weiteren in ihrer Bedeutung für das Einzelwerk zu interpretieren. Daher lag die Erweiterung des Forschungsfokus auf strukturelle Aspekte nahe, etwa Schriftbildlichkeit, Intertextualität und Intermedialität. Solche sprachlich-stilistische Betrachtungen des gesamten Prosawerks von Honigmann fehlen nach wie vor in journalistisch- publizistischen Beiträgen als auch in wissenschaftlichen Monographien zugunsten der naheliegenden biographischen Kategorien Jüdischkeit, DDR-Erfahrungen oder Weiblichkeit.
Erst Madleen Podewski gab 2008 den Anstoß andere Dimensionen bei der Analyse in Betracht zu ziehen. Sie kritisierte vorherige „Generalisierungen und globale Zuordnungen und schloss, dass die Bewegungs- und Fremdheitssemantik“ bei Honigmann ein „Effekt der formalen Organisation des Textes“ sei. Diese Feststellung bildete die Grundlage meiner weiteren Untersuchungen, deren Leitlinien im folgenden Schema abgebildet sind:
Hier wird erkennbar, wie die verschiedenen Darstellungsweisen und Textsorten mit den behandelten Problemfeldern zusammenwirken und welche Formen der Vermittlung dazu verwendet werden.
Besonders in den drei Werken zu Spurensuchen in ihrer eigenen Familie fällt das widersprüchliche Verhältnis von behaupteter Authentizität, z.B. durch Archivrecherchen, und der Unmöglichkeit einer Wahrheit auf. In den Stadttexten (2008 und 2015) nimmt die Autorin New-York und Straßburg in den Blick. Hier dominieren Wahrnehmung und Organisation des Stadtraumes nach „LängeBreiteNordSüdOstWest“ und deren jeweiliger Begrenzung.
Abschließend habe ich erläutert, wie der Begriff des Dazwischen im Sinne dieser Arbeit zu verstehen ist. In den letzten 15 Jahren hörten die Abschiede von dieser Kategorie nicht auf. Leslie A. Adelson beispielsweise polemisierte 2006 in ihrem Manifest gegen das Dazwischen gegen den Soziologismus und die Überpolitisierung bei den Analysen der vorher entstandenen Gastarbeiterliteratur. Dagegen orientiert sich diese Arbeit an den Vorschlägen des Romanisten Ottmar Ette. In seinem Beitrag Littérature(s) sans domicile fixe. Literaturen ohne festen Wohnsitz thematisierte er Phänomene wie Mehrsprachigkeit jenseits aller herkunftspolitischen Differenzen.
Die innovative Leistung der vorliegenden Arbeit sehe ich in der Konkretisierung und Übertragung dieser Kategorien auf das Werk Barbara Honigmanns.The main purpose of this dissertation was the analysis of Barbara Honigmann΄s prose work by interconnecting two areas of German Studies that are actually largely separated. This notwithstanding the many trials since 1960 to combine them: the analysis of literary works and linguistics. The opus of the 1949 in Ex-GDR born Author Barbara Honigmann was characterized or criticized as virtually unparalleled in terms of “Schlichtheit” or simplicity. However, it is anything but simple. The analysis shows the complexity of her work and the several identities she took in her novels and critical writings since 1986.
The youth of Barbara in Eastern Berlin was characterized by the hiatus between the political expectations of her parents as returned emigrants from the western exile and the apparent reality of the socialist state. This strongly affected her life and is clearly reflected in her works. Till the beginning of 1980s, Judaism seems to have no importance in Honigmann´s life, but then she decided to go back to the roots and to explore the religion of her ancestors. This venturing step will later have a strong bearing on both her writing and private life and still one of the most motives in her work. Since then she moved however to Strasbourg, one of the biggest Jewish settlements in Europe, where she lives and write (merely in German) since more than three decades.
My dissertation considers three layers of Honigmann´s opus. The first part of the work focuses on her use of language and especially of particles as well as all related aspects of communication and dialog. The work of Honigmann is a rich source for situations of misunderstanding, double sense, omission and distortion of facts. These aspects are so far underrepresented in relevant studies about her work, in favor of the well-known aspects of Judaism, ex-communism and exile.
The second part focuses on what I called “Spurensuche” in the triology about mother (in Ein Kapitel aus meinem Leben), father and her former lover A. (In Bilder von A. and Georg).
The last part investigates both work about New York and Strasbourg in “Das überirdische Licht. Rückkehr nach New York and Chronik meiner Straße. Here the focus is layed especially on space and time perception as well as on the phenomenon of multilingualism.
While analyzing the second half of Honigmann´s work I expanded the focus to other phenomena like “picturality of writing”, “intermediality” and “intertextuality”. The analysis of Honigmann´s work shows a multiple forms of “In-betweenness” regarding time, place and the configuration inside the works. For that reason I chose the title „poetics of in-between “
Ancistrus amaris De & Taphorn & Armbruster 2019, new species
No full textAncistrus amaris new species (Fig. 6) Holotype. MCNG 56679 (1, 103.4 mm SL) Venezuela, Estado Portuguesa, Orinoco/ Apure drainage, río Las Marías, 9.402778, -69.7375, J. Alexander, G. Galbreath, A. Seitz, H. López-Fernández, 19-Feb-1998. Paratypes. All from Orinoco / Apure River Basin, Venezuela. AUM 71043 (2, 63.2–75.2) and MCNG 5280 (2, 64.9–66.1 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa, río Boconó, 9.052778, -70.094444, 2-June-1983, D. Taphorn; CUMV uncataloged (2, 115.9–107.4) and MCNG 28904 (3, 93.3–115.7 mm SL), Estado Barinas, río La Yuca, 8.766667, -70.25, 31-Dec-1993, D. Taphorn; AUM 71044 (2, 102.0– 106.7 mm SL) and MCNG 41858 (1, 114.9 mm SL) same data as holotype; MCNG 51925 (1, 71.2 mm SL), Estado Barinas, río Masparro, 8.844651, -70.083963, 23- Jan-2005, D. Taphorn; INHS 27991 (2, 46.0– 113.5 mm SL), Estado Barinas, río Michay, La Esmeralda at Hwy. 5, 8.161762, -70.870009, 7-Jan-1992, L.Page, B. Burr, P.Ceas, C.Taylor, S. Walsh & A. Barbarino; INHS 31835 (1, 69.9 mm SL) Estado Barinas, río Masparro and río La Yuca (Masparro) 14 km NE of Barinas, 8.77056, -70.25833 31-Dec-1993, D. Taphorn, L. Page, K.Cummings, C.Mayer, J. Armbruster, C. Laird, M.Sabaj, C. Johnston, S. Phelps & G. Mottesi; INHS 31858 (2, 105.1– 106.4 mm SL) Estado Barinas, río La Yuca (Masparro River drainage) 17 km NE of city of Barinas, 8.46, -70.15, 31-Dec-1993, D. Taphorn, L. Page, K. Cummings, C. Mayer, J. Armbruster, C. Laird, M. Sabaj, C. Johnston, S. Phelps & G. Mottesi; INHS 61274 (1, 77.0 mm SL) Estado Barinas, río Santa Bárbara 3 km NE Santa Barbara, 7.83567, -71.18567, 7-Jan-1992, L. Page, B. Burr, P. Ceas, C. Taylor, S. Walsh & A. Barbarino-Duque. Diagnosis. Ancistrus amaris differs from all other Ancistrus in the region by having males with very short tentacles that are all smaller than orbit diameter (vs. some larger than orbit diameter) and from all except A. patronus and a few specimens of A. triradiatus from the Río Orotoy by having very long dentaries (dentary length/ cleithral width 23.8–28.4% in specimens greater than 69 mm SL and minimal interorbital width divided by dentary length less than 2.1 vs. usually greater than 2.1 but less than 23.7%; a few specimens overlap, but they do so because their bodies are narrow and not because their jaws are long). Several described species from the southern Andean piedmont upper Amazon River Basin tributaries also have long jaws, and A. amaris differs from these (A. bolivianus (Steindachner 1915), A. bufonius (Valenciennes 1840), A. greeni (Isbrücker 2001), A. heterorhynchus (Regan 1912), A. marcapatae (Regan 1904), A. megalostomus Pearson 1924, A. occloi Eigenmann 1928 (in Myers 1928), A. sericeus (Cope 1872), and perhaps A. jelksii (Steindachner 1876)) by having the dorsal fin reaching the preadipose plate (vs. well short), by having the pectoral-fin spine when adpressed below pelvic fin reaching beyond the pelvic-fin base (vs. barely or not reaching pelvic fin), and by having the body relatively deep (vs. very depressed). Ancistrus amaris differs from the other long-jawed Ancistrus from rivers of the Guiana Shield (A. yutajae) by the short snout tentacles mentioned above and by having large light spots and blotches on the body and fins (vs. with small white dots in unfaded specimens). Description. Morphometrics in Table 1. A large sized Ancistrus, largest specimen examined 115.7 mm SL. Body broadest anteriorly, greatest body width at cleithra, then narrowing progressively to end of caudal peduncle. Head and body depressed, greatest body depth near posterior margin of supraoccipital. Caudal peduncle deep, compressed posteriorly. Dorsal profile of head ascending steeply to above eye, then ascending in convex arc to dorsal-fin origin. From the dorsal-fin origin descending straight or in slightly concave arc to caudal fin. Ventral profile flat from tip of snout to pelvic-fin insertions, from there, in concave arc to base of caudal fin. Head wide, interorbital width equal or slightly less than head depth, slightly less than half of head length. Snout rounded with large broad naked margin in males, less wide in females and juveniles. Snout length more than one-half head length. Eye moderate in size, interorbital area convex. Oral disk round, just slightly wider than long. Lips covered with minute papillae, larger near mouth. Lower lip moderate in size, not reaching gill aperture, its border covered with very small papillae. Maxillary barbel very short, its length less than orbit diameter. Jaws long with premaxillary tooth rows forming gentle arc and dentary tooth rows forming angle of>135°. Dentary and premaxillary tooth rows slightly curved medially, most lateral dentary tooth lateral to most lateral premaxillary tooth. Teeth numerous (58–120 per jaw ramus), asymmetrically bifid, medial cusp larger and spatulate, lateral cusp smaller, pointed, usually not reaching more than half length of medial cusp but variable, almost equal in worn teeth. Hypertrophied cheek odontodes strongly evertible, nine to 17, stout with tips hooked anteriorly, bases encased in thick fleshy sheaths. Exposed part of opercle small, roughly triangular with larger odontodes along free edge. Head without conspicuous ridges, bones on back of head not carinate; supraoccipital with margins between surrounding bones and plates usually clearly visible. Lateral plates not carinate, lateral line pores not easily visible except anteriorly. Ventral surface of head and abdomen naked, no exposed platelets anterior to anal-fin spine. Nuchal plate small and curved posterolaterally. Odontodes enlarged along edges of lateral plates. Five series of lateral plates anteriorly, three series on caudal peduncle, mid-dorsal plate series variable in length, often ending below third or fourth plate posterior to dorsal-fin base; mid-ventral plate series usually to preadipose plate or adipose spine. Last plate in median series about same size as penultimate plate, and median plate below end of adipose fin about twice as high as wide. Base of caudal fin with up to six small platelets covering bases of caudal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin origin situated slightly anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. First dorsal-fin ray elongate, longer than snout length nearly as long as head; last dorsal-fin ray reaching first preadipose plate when depressed. Adipose-fin spine curved, stout, not embedded, oriented at angle to horizontal axis of body, membrane present, easily visible beneath spine. Pectoral spine long and stout, when adpressed ventrally reaching between posterior margin of pelvic-fin bases and the cloaca. Anal fin small but well developed; first anal-fin pterygiophore covered by skin, its origin well posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic fins reaching well past anal-fin origin, about halfway out length of fin, inserted posterior to vertical through base of first branched dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin truncate, lower lobe longer than upper. Tiny odontodes present on body plates, largest on posterior margins of plates. All fin spines with small odontodes, more developed in pectoral-fin spine of males. All fin rays with tiny odontodes on rays. Meristics (N=20). mid-ventral plates 16– 19, x 18 ̃; median plates 22–24, x=̃ 23; mid-dorsal plates 10–18, x =13; plates bordering dorsal-fin base four to eight, x=̃seven; plates between dorsal and adipose fins four to eight, x=̃seven; preadipose plates one to two, x=̃one. Fin-ray formulae: dorsal II,7; pectoral I,6; pelvic i,5; anal i,3–4, x = i,4; caudal i,14,i. Caudal procurrent spines: dorsal: four to five, x=̃five; ventral: three to four, x=̃three. Sexual dimorphism. Snout tentacles of nuptial males short, longest less than eye diameter. Posteromedial tentacles diverging in V- shape along anteriorly triangular snout plates. Naked areas of snout without tentacles not rugose, separated from naris by several wide plates. Color in alcohol. (Fig. 6) Dorsum of body base color light brown with medium-sized white spots on plateless area of snout, head and body. Males with relatively short tentacles on snout. Spines of dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, adipose and caudal fins with five or six alternating light and dark sections with similar markings mirrored on all fin rays, to form rows of dark and light spots. Spines of pectoral and pelvic fins darker overall. Ventral surface of head and abdomen tan to yellowish tan with no spots, oral disk yellow, plates on ventral surface of caudal peduncle with posterior margins dark brown, forming alternating light and dark pattern. Life colors. Color in life unknown. Distribution. Known from Andean piedmont streams of the Río Apure /Río Orinoco drainage of Venezuela (Fig. 7). Etymology. From the Latin maris for masculine or virile and the prefix a meaning without. In reference to the short tentacles in nuptial males.Published as part of De, Lesley S., Taphorn, Donald C. & Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2019, Review of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the northwestern Guiana Shield, Orinoco Andes, and adjacent basins with description of six new species, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 4552 (1) on pages 9-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4552.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/262315
How one woman revolutionised Polish kitchens: Barbara Brukalska and her modern kitchen design in the late 1920s
No full textArchitects have historically played an important role in kitchen designs, including notable female architects like Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, author of the 1926 Frankfurt Kitchen. Their solutions resulted not only from practical needs, but also from social and cultural changes at the time. This was also the case in Poland, although this is less widely recognized in Western architectural history. Barbara Brukalska, born in Brzeźce, Poland in 1899, was one of the first women to graduate from Warsaw University of Technology’s Faculty of Architecture and became the first female professor there in 1948. She worked in partnership with her husband Stanisław and together they became one of the most notable duos in modern architecture before II World War. In one of the housing estates they designed, Barbara proposed a model of a functional kitchen. This research examines the impact of her kitchen design, based on a review of existing literature. The paper begins with an analysis of Polish social changes after the I World War and kitchens before Brukalska’s contribution, followed by an outline of modern kitchens and ideas developed in North America and Germany. Then, Barbara Brukalska’s ideas are outlined and qualitatively analysed in the context of her life. In conclusion, an assessment is made of the actual impact of her proposed solutions, which in the end did not meet her expectations within the Polish society.AR2A011Architectural History ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
The evolution of male and female reproductive traits in simultaneously hermaphroditic terrestrial gastropods
No full textOur understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection forcing reproductive trait evolution
continues to be illuminated by comparative studies. Inter- as well as intraspecific
comparisons offer the opportunity to study the long-lasting processes of diversification and
allow testing for correlated evolution between different traits. Moreover, morphological
studies provide important insights into the function and adaptive significance of specialised
reproductive organs.
In this thesis, I combined comparative studies on the inter- and intraspecific
evolution of female sperm storage organs (spermathecae) and sperm traits in
stylommatophoran gastropods with detailed studies on the influence of spermatheca
morphology on sperm storage patterns and the adaptive function of the bursa tract
diverticulum, an organ of the reproductive tract of snails associated with sperm digestion,
in the helicid land snail Arianta arbustorum.
In order to assess the pattern of sperm storage organ divergence across 47 species
of stylommatophoran snails and slugs partial 28S rDNA sequences were used to construct
a molecular phylogeny. Maximum likelihood as well as Bayesian methods were applied to
investigate the history of spermatheca origination and to test different hypotheses of
spermatheca evolution. The results revealed a large variation in the presence/absence of a
spermatheca and its structural complexity across stylommatophoran gastropods. The
evolution of spermathecae in the carrefour appeared to be associated with the evolution of
other peculiar morphological traits of the reproductive tract, e.g. love-dart shooting, as well
as with flagellum and diverticulum length. Moreover, a close relationship of spermatheca
presence with cross-fertilization as the predominant mating system was found. In addition,
the presence of complex spermathecae was coupled with several life-history traits,
including body size, reproductive strategy (semelparity vs. iteroparity) and reproductive
mode (oviparity vs. ovoviviparity), and with habitat specificity. Sperm length, highly
diverse in this species group, appeared to be adapted to the length of the sperm storage
organ. The results suggest an important influence of postcopulatory sexual selection on
spermatheca divergence. However, also life-history traits and habitat specificity might
have shaped the pattern of spermatheca distribution found across stylommatophoran
gastropods.
A closer look at male and female reproductive trait divergence, focussing on sperm
traits and sperm storage organ size, was taken using six natural populations of Arianta
arbustorum. The intraspecific variation in spermatophore volume, number of sperm
transferred and sperm length as well as in volume and length of the spermatheca and the
number of sperm storage tubules was quantified and the covariation between interacting
traits was examined. A significant among-population variation was revealed for all traits
except for spermatheca length. Furthermore, a positive association was found between the
number of sperm transferred and spermatheca volume. In accordance with the interspecific
study, these results indicate a strong influence of antagonistic coevolution on male and
female reproductive trait evolution.
Beside size and morphology of sperm storage organs, the physical properties of the
spermatheca may be important for the potential to exert cryptic female choice. This was
investigated by examining structure, volume and tubule length of empty spermathecae of
A. arbustorum and assessing differences in spermatheca size following a single copulation.
The study revealed that spermathecae of this species are expandable and can accommodate
more sperm than would be expected from measuring its initial volume. Moreover, neither
the volume of sperm stored in the spermatheca nor the amount of allosperm digested in the
bursa copulatrix were related to the size of the spermatophore received. These findings
suggest that the female function may be able to control sperm storage and sperm use.
Finally, the morphology and function of the bursa tract diverticulum, which serves
as a place of spermatophore uptake when present, was studied. Using histological,
histochemical and morphometrical methods it could be shown that the diverticulum is
involved in the digestion or at least in the partly breakdown of received spermatophores.
Furthermore, the positive allometry and the high phenotypic variation of diverticulum
length compared to shell size suggest directional sexual selection on this trait. Combining
evidence from this and previous studies indicates that the diverticulum is involved in the
coevolution of the complex reproductive traits of stylommatophoran gastropods
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