190,438 research outputs found
Pangio pathala Arjun & Sidharthan & Dahanukar & Raghavan 2022, new species
No full textPangio pathala, new species (Fig. 1) Holotype. KUFOS.FT.2020.1, 32.1 mm SL; India: Kerala: Thiruvanvandoor (9°20’23.09”N, 76°34’48.54”E), 7 m asl., coll. R. Sundar, A. Sidharthan & C. P. Arjun, 25 October 2020. Paratype. KUFOS.FT.2020.2 (c&s), 18.9 mm SL; same data as holotype; KUFOS.FT.2020.3, 22.3 mm SL; India: Kerala: Thiruvanvandoor (9°20’23.09”N, 76°34’48.54”E), 7 m asl., coll. R. Sundar, A. Sidharthan & C. P. Arjun, 11 November 2020. Diagnosis. Pangio pathala is distinguished from all other species of Pangio (except P. bhujia) by the absence of the dorsal fin (vs. presence), presence of four pectoral-fin rays (including an unbranched rudimentary ray) (vs. 5–11), 13 segmented (both branched and unbranched) caudal-fin rays (vs. 14–16), and a unique count of 27 caudal vertebrae (vs. 11–20), the highest among the known members of the genus. Pangio pathala is further distinguished from all other species of Pangio except P. bhujia, P. fusca, P. apoda, P. pulla and P. lidi by the absence of pelvic fins. Pangio pathala differs from its only subterranean congener, P. bhujia, in having four pectoral-fin rays (vs. three); five anal-fin rays (vs. six); greater number of vertebrae (67 vs. 62–63); and a raw genetic distance of 8.1–8.7% in the mitochondrial co1 gene. Description. Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Table 1. Body elongate, oval in cross section, strongly compressed laterally in caudal region.Standard length 14.2–18.2 times body depth; body depth 1.1–1.8 times body width. Caudal peduncle laterally compressed, long, its length 3.6–5.4 times its depth, its depth 2.4–4.4 times its width. Precaudal adipose keels well-developed, deep, long; dorsal adipose keel originating anterior to vertical from anal-fin origin; adipose keel of ventral profile originating immediately posterior to anal-fin base. Scales absent. Head rounded, small, about 10.5–13.1% SL. Eyes small, 4.8–6.5% HL. Mouth subterminal; with three pairs of elongated barbels. Two pairs of maxillary barbels, outer maxillary barbel reaching beyond posterior border of eye; inner maxillary barbel reaching between eye and nare. One pair of mandibular barbels, reaching anterior border of eye. Posterior margin of anterior naris developed into a long (47.53–58.61% HL), pointed flap, referred to as nasal barbel. Pectoral fin narrow, long, thread-like, with four rays including an unbranched rudimentary ray. Anal fin short with rounded margin, with one rudimentary ray followed by four unbranched rays. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Dorsal fin and dorsal-fin pterygiophores absent. Caudal fin pointed, with both segmented and unsegmented, but unbranched rays: 4 dorsal unsegmented +6 dorsal segmented + 7 ventral segmented + 2 ventral unsegmented rays. Ribs on vertebrae 5–40. Total vertebrae 67 = 40 abdominal + 27 caudal vertebrae. Colouration. In life, body pinkish-red to light pink when freshly collected, becomes brownish pink in captivity, slightly darker on dorsal profile, ventral profile translucent. Eye a tiny small black spot. Caudal region translucent, rendering caudal vertebrae visible. Pectoral, anal, and caudal fins hyaline (Fig. 1a). In preservative, body pale yellowish-white with tiny black eye. Dorsal side of head and body with scattered minute melanophores only visible at 20× magnification. Distribution and habitat. Currently, Pangio pathala is known only from its type locality, Thiruvanvandoor, near the town of Chengannur, Kerala State, India (Fig. 2). Specimens were collected from an overhead water-storage tank connected to an old dug-out well using an electric water pump. The well is approximately 17 feet deep, and drawn water was used for drinking and household activities (Fig. 3). Etymology. The species name is based on the Sanskrit word pâtâla, which means ‘below the feet’, denoting the subterranean realms of the universe—which are located under the earth’s surface. A noun in apposition. Genetic analysis. In the maximum likelihood analysis based on the co1 gene, Pangio pathala and P. bhujia are sister species and form a clade with the other Western Ghats congeners (Fig. 4). Pangio pathala differs from P. bhujia by a raw genetic distance of 8.1–8.7%, and from all its other congeners for which genetic data (mitochondrial co1) are available, by a raw genetic distance of 14.4–19.5% (Table 2). New distribution record for Pangio bhujia. We also take this opportunity to record two specimens of P. bhujia from Indianoor (10°58’56.20”N, 76°2’32.51”E, 37 m. asl) near the town of Kottakkal. The two fish were collected from a shallow channel (<0.1 m depth) originating in a nearby pond (<2 m depth) used for irrigation. The substrate of the channel comprised of laterite soil covered by fallen, decayed leaves. The habitat is similar to the type locality of P. bhujia, which is located around 40 km north. Detailed morphological examination of the specimens, and comparison of its co1 gene sequence, confirmed its conspecificity with P. bhujia (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Co-occurring species in the channel and pond include Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Rasbora dandia, Aplocheilus lineatus, and Puntius vittatus.Published as part of Arjun, C. P., Sidharthan, Arya, Dahanukar, Neelesh & Raghavan, Rajeev, 2022, A new diminutive subterranean eel loach species of the genus Pangio (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Southern India, pp. 89-97 in Zootaxa 5138 (1) on pages 90-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/655224
Supplemental Material - Regulation and state capacity
No full textSupplemental Material for Regulation and state capacity by Arjun Chowdhury in Rationality and Society</p
Structural and mechanistic basis of RNA processing by protein-only ribonuclease P enzymes
No full textRibonuclease P (RNase P) enzymes are responsible for the 5′ processing of tRNA precursors. In addition to the well-characterised ribozyme-based RNase P enzymes, an evolutionarily distinct group of protein-only RNase Ps exists. These proteinaceous RNase Ps (PRORPs) can be found in all three domains of life and can be divided into two structurally different types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Recent structural studies on members of both families reveal a surprising diversity of molecular architectures, but also highlight conceptual and mechanistic similarities. Here, we provide a comparison between the different types of PRORP enzymes and review how the combination of structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies has led to a molecular picture of protein-mediated tRNA processing
Role of Public Library in Empowering Lifelong Learning: A Study on the State Public Library of Gandhinagar, Gujarat
No full text<p><em><span>The public library plays a crucial role in lifelong learning, as outlined in the National Education Policy. It provides access to educational opportunities, fosters personal growth, adaptability, and innovation, and encourages non-formal learning methods like online courses and vocational training. This study analyzes the State Central Public Library's services and literature review to understand their role in promoting education and lifelong learning.</span></em></p>
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Network traffic trace
No full text<p>https://github.com/EldhosePaul-2023/meshlab</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Goal of the project is to measure and compare the performance of several forwarding techniques on different devices.</p>
<p>Compare the following four forwarding techniques/implementions regarding their performance:</p>
<ul>
<li>eBPF (TC)</li>
<li>IP forwarding</li>
<li>IP forwarding with software offloading</li>
<li>IP forwarding with hardware offloading</li>
</ul>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Spatial Variability of Soil Physico-chemical Properties under Prosopis juliflora and Terminalia arjun in Sodic Soil of Indo-Gangetic Plains
No full textNot AvailableSpatial variability analysis was done for soil physicochemical properties viz., pH2, EC2, organic C and bulk density of surface and sub-surface soil samples collected grid-wise (2m x 2m) at different possible distances from trees under 10-years-old Prosopis juliflora and Terminalia arjun plantations. The statistical variability ranged from 6 to 8% for pHz and 44 to 64% for organic carbon under Prosopis juliflora plantation. However, under T. arjun plantation, the statistical variability ranged from 6 to 7% for pH2 and 45 to 54% for EC2. The mean values of pHz of soil were 9.1 and 9.6 at 0?15 em, 9.8 and 10.0 at 15?30 cm depths under P. juliflora and T. arjun, respectively. The organic carbon accumulation in surface soil under P. juliflora plantation was significantly higher than that under T. arjun. Prosopis was found to be comparatively more efficient for soil reclamation than T. arjun. The semivariograms of the soil physicochemical parameters indicated moderate to strong spatial dependence except bulk density at 0?7.5 and 7.5?15 cm under P. juliflora. The experimental semivariograms of bulk density under P. juliflora were not spatially structured. Hence, inverse distance method was used for spatial interpolation of these data. The kriged and inverse distance maps provided the regions and loops of pH, EC, organic C and bulk density with distinct values and explained the quality of heterogeneity of reclamation under both the tree species. The patches or loops of higher and lower values of the physicochemical parameters at some places were interrelated. Still some loops or regions were not related to each other. The spatial distribution of soil parameters and relation among these distributions may be a product of multiple ecological processes such as biomass distribution, canopy patch pattern, root distribution, under story vegetation and stand dynamics and microbial distribution over a span of 10 year
Structural basis of RNA processing by human mitochondrial RNase P
No full textHuman mitochondrial transcripts contain messenger and ribosomal RNAs flanked by transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are excised by mitochondrial RNase (mtRNase) P and Z to liberate all RNA species. In contrast to nuclear or bacterial RNase P, mtRNase P is not a ribozyme but comprises three protein subunits that carry out RNA cleavage and methylation by unknown mechanisms. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of human mtRNase P bound to precursor tRNA, which reveals a unique mechanism of substrate recognition and processing. Subunits TRMT10C and SDR5C1 form a subcomplex that binds conserved mitochondrial tRNA elements, including the anticodon loop, and positions the tRNA for methylation. The endonuclease PRORP is recruited and activated through interactions with its PPR and nuclease domains to ensure precise pre-tRNA cleavage. The structure provides the molecular basis for the first step of RNA processing in human mitochondria
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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