1,721,008 research outputs found
Emotional Symptoms and Dietary Patterns in Early Adolescence: A School-Based Follow-up Study
No full textObjective To examine the relationship between early emotional symptoms and dietary patterns over 3 years in a school-based sample. Design Three-year longitudinal prospective study. Setting Thirteen schools in Reus, Spain. Participants From a sample of 562 preadolescents with and without emotional symptoms, 165 were observed and were classified as either showing (n = 100) or not showing emotional symptoms (n = 65). Main Outcome Measure Emotional symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 3 years. In the third year, data were collected on food consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and physical activity. Analysis Dietary patterns were created by principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with P < .05 considered significant. Results Girls with emotional symptoms scored significantly lower in assessments for MD (score of 5.41 ± 2.19) and physical activity (score of 4.97 ± 2.05) than did girls who had no emotional symptoms (scores: MD, 6.19 ± 1.67; physical activity: 5.86 ± 1.94). Approximately 39.68% of girls with emotional symptoms showed high adherence to a sweet and fatty food pattern. After adjusted logistic regression, girls with emotional symptoms were 4 times as likely to have high adherence to a sweet and fatty food pattern (odds ratio, 4.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–15.10). No differences were observed among boys. Conclusions and Implications Girls with emotional symptoms during early adolescence have high adherence to a pattern rich in sweet and fat foods and low adherence to MD, and engage in low levels of physical activity. These findings highlight the importance of managing emotional distress to prevent it from having a negative effect on eating behavior. © 2017 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavio
A two-phase population study: relationships between overweight, body composition and risk of eating disorders.
No full textBACKGROUND: Overweight and eating disorder (ED) are major public health problems in adolescents. Aims: To assess the association of overweight, body composition and anthropometric characteristics with the probability being at risk of ED.
METHODS: A two-phase study was used. 329 girls and 96 boys (aged 12-18 years) from an initial sample of 2967 adolescents were studied. The BMI, percentage of fat mass estimated by bioimpedance (FM(BIA)), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHipr) were calculated. The Eating Attitudes Test, Youth's Inventory-4 and a questionnaire to evaluate social influences were administered.
RESULTS: A total of 34.7% of girls and 53.6% of boys at risk of ED were overweight (including obesity). For girls, overweight frequency was significantly higher in risk ED group than in control group. Increases of one point in the BMI or FM(BIA) increased the probability of being at risk of ED by 12% (3.0-19.0) and 4% (0.0-8.0), respectively. An increase in WHipr was negatively associated with ED risk. Smoking and symptoms of dysthymia and the genralized anxiety disorder also increase the probability of being at risk of ED in adolescent girls. In adolescent boys, these relations were not observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The higher BMI and the percentage of FM(BIA) are associated with greater risk of ED in adolescent girls, when psychological factors are present. Increases in the WHipr, characteristic of childhood body is negatively associated with that risk
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of prenatal exposure to multiple heavy metals on infant neurodevelopment: A multi-statistical approach
No full textPrenatal exposure to heavy metals poses risks to fetal brain development, yet the joint effects of these metals remain unclear, with inconsistent findings across statistical models. This study investigates the joint effect of prenatal exposure to cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) on infant neurodevelopment using various statistical approaches. The study included 400 mother-infant pairs. Heavy metal levels were measured in maternal urine samples at the 12th week of gestation, and infant neurodevelopment at 40 days was evaluated by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR) with restricted cubic spline (RCS), Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were applied to explore the associations between heavy metal exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. GAM revealed a significant linear relationship for Cd with cognitive scale (p = 0.045) and expressive language (p = 0.043). MLR confirmed that Cd was negatively associated with both cognitive scale (β = −1.47, p = 0.044) and expressive language (β = −0.32, p = 0.019) and RCS presented a non-linear association between Pb and language scale (p = 0.001). BKMR suggested a negative but non-significant association with most outcomes. WQS indicated a significant adverse effect of metal mixture on expressive language (β = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.44, −0.07), identifying Cd and Ni as the primary contributors. Prenatal exposure to heavy metals have detrimental effects on infant neurodevelopment, especially on language development
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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