1,721,055 research outputs found
[Gimigliano F, Moretti A, Lazzarini SG, Arienti C, Ceravolo MG, Kiekens C, Negrini S]. [The Cochrane Rehabilitation Ebook Project: a knowledge translation initiative]. In: Advances in Evidence Synthesis: special issue. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020;(9 Suppl 1):[99] https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD202001
No full textBackground: Cochrane Rehabilitation (CR) is working on the production of an Ebook to systematically present all the relevant evidence of rehabilitation interest included in the Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSRs). In line with the Cochrane Knowledge Translation (KT) strategy, the Ebook aims to fill the knowledge practice gap addressing four different audiences producing one different summary for each of them, structured to meet the needs of the different end-users according to their different knowledge skills, and outcomes of interest: clinicians, medical and health professional students, policy decision-makers and rehabilitation health care managers, patients and caregivers (consumers).
Objectives: To present the CR Ebook project.
Methods: After identifying all the CSRs relevant to rehabilitation, residents from two Italian universities have been involved and instructed on how to write the different summaries, using a structured template, based on the Cochrane’s Dissemination checklist, and following the Cochrane Norway language guidelines. Two Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) physicians (AM, MGC) revised them, a second revision was provided by a member of CR and a third by at least two among a group of international editors coming from the European Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) Bodies supporting and co-authoring the ebook. A last check was then performed by the another PRM physician (FG), before the final decision by the European PRM Bodies took place.
Results: To date, we have identified 375 CSRs published between 2014 and August 2019. Of these, 145 (3 for 2018, 68 for 2017, 60 for 2016 and 14 for 2015) have been assigned to and summarized by the residents. Ninety-six of them (45 for 2017, 48 for 2016 and 3 for 2015) have been finally approved and uploaded on the Ebook website. The remaining ones are undergoing one of the two processes of revision.
Conclusions: The CR Ebook will be officially launched in the European Bodies Meeting, postponed from March to September 2020, and will be progressively filled with a new set of summaries completed and approved. The process started with the CSRs published in 2016 and 2017, and is now proceeding simultaneously onwards and backwards. The project is continuous: the number of CSRs to be summarized is meant to increase every time a CSR is tagged as relevant to rehabilitation, making the Ebook a “live” and updated source of evidence. CR is also planning to translate the summaries into different languages, as is already done for other KT products (i.e. blogshots), in order to reach the widest possible audience.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: Patients or healthcare consumers have not been directly involved in the project, but represents one of the different audiences the Ebook addresses
Anticancer drug discovery using multicellular tumor spheroid models
No full textIntroduction: Despite the increasing financial outlay on cancer research and drug discovery, many advanced cancers remain incurable. One possible strategy for increasing the approval rate of new anticancer drugs for use in clinical practice could be represented by three-dimensional (3D) tumor models on which to perform in vitro drug screening. There is a general consensus among the scientific community that 3D tumor models more closely recapitulate the complexity of tumor tissue architecture and biology than bi-dimensional cell cultures. In a 3D context, cells are connected to each other through tissue junctions and show proliferative and metabolic gradients that resemble the intricate milieu of organs and tumors. Areas covered: The present review focuses on available techniques for generating tumor spheroids and discusses current and future applications in the field of drug discovery. The article is based on literature obtained from PubMed. Expert opinion: Given the relative simplicity of spheroid models with respect to clinical tumors, we must be careful not to overestimate the reliability of their drug-response prediction capacity. The next challenge is to combine our knowledge of co-culture methodologies with high-content imaging and advanced microfluidic technologies to improve the readout and biomimetic potential of spheroid-based models
Knowledge Translation: The Bridging Function of Cochrane Rehabilitation
No full textCochrane Rehabilitation is aimed to ensure that all rehabilitation professionals can apply Evidence Based Clinical Practice and take decisions according to the best and most appropriate evidence in this specific field, combining the best available evidence as gathered by high-quality Cochrane systematic reviews, with their own clinical expertise and the values of patients. This mission can be pursued through knowledge translation. The aim of this article is to shortly present what knowledge translation is, how and why Cochrane (previously known as Cochrane Collaboration) is trying to reorganize itself in light of knowledge translation, and the relevance that this process has for Cochrane Rehabilitation and in the end for the whole world of rehabilitation. It is well known how it is difficult to effectively apply in everyday life what we would like to do and to apply the scientific knowledge in the clinical field: this is called the know-do gap. In the field of evidence-based medicine, where Cochrane belongs, it has been proven that high-quality evidence is not consistently applied in practice. A solution to these problems is the so-called knowledge translation. In this context, Cochrane Rehabilitation is organized to provide the best possible knowledge translation in both directions (bridging function), obviously toward the world of rehabilitation (spreading reviews), but also to the Cochrane community (production of reviews significant for rehabilitation). Cochrane is now strongly pushing to improve its knowledge translation activities, and this creates a strong base for Cochrane Rehabilitation work, focused not only on spreading the evidence but also on improving its production to make it more meaningful for the world of rehabilitation
The 3rd Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting: "Rehabilitation definition for scientific research purposes"
Full text linkNegrini S, Meyer T, Arienti C, et al. The 3rd Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting: "Rehabilitation definition for scientific research purposes". European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine. 2020
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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