130,557 research outputs found
Family‐related factors may affect serum vitamin D levels
No full textVitamin D deficiency in childhood is a re-emerging public health problem. Epidemiological studies have shown that it can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults and may play a role in a variety of extraskeletal disorders, including asthma, type 1 diabetes, infectious and cardiovascular diseases and cancer (1). Vitamin D deficiency is identified by measuring serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and studies of levels between parents and their offspring, and among siblings, suggests the family environment may play a role (2). Other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include adiposity and female gender (3, 4). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Vitamin D Status in an Italian Pediatric Cohort: Is There a Role for Tobacco Smoking Exposure?
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Dopamine, Erectile Function and Male Sexual Behavior from the Past to the Present: A Review
No full textEarly and recent studies show that dopamine through its neuronal systems and receptor subtypes plays different roles in the control of male sexual behavior. These studies show that (i) the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system plays a key role in the preparatory phase of sexual behavior, e.g., in sexual arousal, motivation and reward, whereas the nigrostriatal system controls the sensory-motor coordination necessary for copulation, (ii) the incertohypothalamic system is involved in the consummatory aspects of sexual behavior (penile erection and copulation), but evidence for its role in sexual motivation is also available, (iii) the pro-sexual effects of dopamine occur in concert with neural systems interconnecting the hypothalamus and preoptic area with the spinal cord, ventral tegmental area and other limbic brain areas and (iv) D(2) and D(4) receptors play a major role in the pro-sexual effects of dopamine. Despite some controversy, increases or decreases, respectively, of brain dopamine activity induced by drugs or that occur physiologically, usually improves or worsens, respectively, sexual activity. These findings suggest that an altered central dopaminergic tone plays a role in mental pathologies characterized by aberrant sexual behavior, and that pro-erectile D(4) receptor agonists may be considered a new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Il Memorandum Malvestiti. Appunti sul riarmo e sulla politica economica italiana all'inizio degli anni Cinquanta
No full textAnalisi del Memorandum sul riarmo italiano elaborato da Piero Malvestiti e della sua filosofia ispiratrice. Il testo è analizzato attraverso fonti primarie inedite, e inquadrato nell'ambito delle politiche statunitensi, del piano Marshall e delle politiche di produttività
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors prevent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced penile erection and yawning in male rats
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