1,997 research outputs found
Characteristics of the local cutaneous sensory thermo-neutral zone
No full textSkin temperature detection thresholds have been used to measure human cold and warm sensitivity across the temperature continuum. They exhibit a sensory zone within which neither warm nor cold sensations prevail. This zone has been widely assumed to coincide with steady-state local skin temperatures between 32 and 34°C, but its underlying neurophysiology has been rarely investigated. In this study we employ two approaches to characterize the properties of sensory thermoneutrality, testing for each whether neutrality shifts along the temperature continuum depending on adaptation to a preceding thermal state. The focus is on local spots of skin on the palm. Ten participants (age: 30.3 ± 4.8 yr) underwent two experiments. Experiment 1 established the cold-to-warm inter-detection threshold range for the palm’s glabrous skin and its shift as a function of 3 starting skin temperatures (26, 31, or 36°C). For the same conditions, experiment 2 determined a thermally neutral zone centered around a thermally neutral point in which thermoreceptors’ activity is balanced. The zone was found to be narrow (~0.98 to ~1.33°C), moving with the starting skin temperature over the temperature span 27.5–34.9°C (Pearson r = 0.94; P < 0.001). It falls within the cold-to-warm inter-threshold range (~2.25 to ~2.47°C) but is only half as wide. These findings provide the first quantitative analysis of the local sensory thermoneutral zone in humans, indicating that it does not occur only within a specific range of steady-state skin temperatures (i.e., it shifts across the temperature continuum) and that it differs from the inter-detection threshold range both quantitatively and qualitatively. These findings provide insight into thermoreception neurophysiology
Thermosensory micromapping of warm and cold sensitivity across glabrous and hairy skin of male and female hands and feet
No full textThe ability of hands and feet to convey skin thermal sensations is an important contributor to our experience of the surrounding world. Surprisingly, the detailed topographical distribution of warm and cold thermosensitivity across hands and feet has not been mapped, although sensitivity maps exist for touch and pain. Using a recently developed quantitative sensory test, we mapped warm and cold thermosensitivity of 103 skin sites over glabrous and hairy skin of hands and feet in male (M; 30.2 ± 5.8 yr) and female (F; 27.7 ± 5.1 yr) adults matched for body surface area (M: 1.77 ± 0.2 m2; F: 1.64 ± 0.1 m2; P = 0.155). Findings indicated that warm and cold thermosensitivity varies by fivefold across glabrous and hairy skin of hands and feet and that hands (warm/cold sensitivity: 1.25/2.14 vote/°C) are twice as sensitive as the feet (warm/cold sensitivity: 0.51/0.99 vote/°C). Opposite to what is known for touch and pain sensitivity, we observed a characteristic distal-to-proximal increase in thermosensitivity over both hairy and glabrous skin (i.e., from fingers and toes to body of hands and feet), and found that hairy skin is more sensitive than glabrous. Finally, we show that body surface area-matched men and women presented small differences in thermosensitivity and that these differences are constrained to glabrous skin only. Our high-density thermosensory micromapping provides the most detailed thermosensitivity maps of hands and feet in young adults available to date. These maps offer a window into peripheral and central mechanisms of thermosensory integration in humans and will help guide future developments in smart skin and sensory neuroprostheses, in wearable, energy-efficient personal comfort systems, and in sport and protective clothing
Results on Expansion Maps in Fuzzy Menger Space via Property-(E.A) and (E.A)-like Property
No full textThe main goal of this paper is to establish two results in fuzzy menger space by using property-(E.A), (E.A) like property and occasionally weakly compatible mappings. Furthermore these results are justified with proper examples.These are generalization of the theorem proved by Diwan and others.
Islamization and judicial activism in Pakistan : what šari’ah?
No full textThe Islamization of Pakistani law started at the end of the 1970s under the stimulus of the executive and has continued in subsequent decades mainly through the judiciary. Increasingly, Pakistani High courts, and later on Islamic appellate courts, have applied uncodified šar†1⁄4ah principles to supplement and, at times, contradict codified law, particularly in the field of family matters and sexual crimes. On the basis of court records, the author reviews first, the religious sources referred to by the judges and, second, the implications of their religiously inspired “judicial activism”, with a focus on the interaction between the Zina Ordinance and the Muslim Family Law Ordinance. The author argues that the enforcement of Islamic laws has been traversed by two opposite tensions — towards systematization and complexity — and that a traditional discourse based on the nuances of fiqh can either improve or worsen women’s status depending on the sources referred to by the courts
Book review. An animal is not a human, or is it. Review of animals and society: an Introduction to human-animal studies by Margo DeMello
No full textReviews the book Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies by Margo DeMello. This book provides an accessible introduction to the diversity of ways in which animals influence how humans think and act, both through our direct, or indirect, relations with actual animals themselves or our symbolic representations of them. The content ranges across and within disciplines as disparate as literature studies, ethology, and social and cognitive psychology. DeMello links the multidisciplinary nature of the field of human-animal interactions into the interdisciplinary subject of anthrozoology, illustrating ideas and knowledge through diverse perspectives, thereby providing insight into approaches taken by different disciplines and enabling the reader to consider new and future avenues for research. Whilst primarily using a U.S. perspective of human-animal interactions, the author draws on international research. Overall a well-written, though not always fully referenced, work, this book engenders critical debate and reflects the burgeoning state of this fascinating field of study.<br/
Home in the Holy Land. A tale illustrating customs and incidents in modern Jerusalem By MRS Finn. London James Nisbet and Co., 21 Berners street. M.D.CCC. L.XVI
No full textDedication: by the author to the Countess of GriffordContent description: TitleIllustration: 4 (portraits ,varia ,)Pagination: PP8+520PVolumes: 1Text Genre:ProseIllustration: 4 (πορτραίτα ,άλλα θέματα ,
Presentation of Space in E.A. Poe's Horror Stories
No full textIntroduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the category of space in E.A. Poe's prose. On the example of horror stories, the role of artistic space in the author's linguistic picture of the world is determined and its key structural and semantic characteristics are revealed. The relevance of the research is connected with the growing interest in the ways and means of conceptualizing reality in a literary text, to the problems of the artistic genre and to the specifics of the author's idiostyle.Methodology and sources. The main research methods are semantic analysis, which consists in determining the key binary spatial oppositions, and functional-stylistic analysis, focused on identifying ways and means of representing artistic space in the works of E.A. Poe. The empirical basis of the study was stories written in the genre of horror literature: “The Masque of the Red Death”, “The Pit and the Pendulum”, “William Wilson”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”, “Berenice”, “The Cask of Amontillado”, “The Oval Portrait”.Results and discussion. During the analysis, it was found that in E.A. Poe's stories, the representation of space is based on the inseparable relationship of its objective description by the author with his subjective perception of the hero/narrator and is characterized by an abundance of emotionally evaluative and perceptual vocabulary that verbalizes a large range of anxiety states. To the significant techniques of spatial modeling in the stories of E.A. Poe should be attributed to the polarization of space, realized in texts through semantic binary oppositions “open-closed”, “inside-outside”, “top-bottom”, as well as its deformation and hyperbolization.Conclusion. Space appears in E.A. Poe's stories as the most important parameter of conceptualization of reality. The surrounding world in the author's horror literature is inseparable from the images of Gothic literature, which is expressed not only in the use of the chronotope “castle”, in a number of texts transformed into the chronotope “bad house”, but also in the implementation of its motivic complex
Letter from Tsuneo Iwata to Dr. E.A Julien, April 11, 1942
No full textLetter of gratitude from Tsuneo Iwata president of the Turlock Social Club to Dr. E.A. Julien, in response to the mass removal in California.The Nisaburo Aibara Collection features materials from the Turlock Social Club, a local Japanese-American community group active between 1939 and 1970. It contains documents regarding the Stockton, Turlock and Merced Assembly Centers and Japanese American Citizens League chapters. The Collection also features correspondences with reactions, responses, and preparations for the forced evacuation. Additionally, the Collection has records on the Central California Cantaloupe Company, Turlock Farm Corporation, Turlock Japanese Society, and family records and funeral service programs of Japanese-American residents of Turlock
The service contract in Russia: parties, definitions, contents and form
No full textThe author provides commentary on the legal
regulation of service contracts, and suggests some possible
improvements. An article by Mrs E.A. Ershova (Head of the Labour
Law Department, Russian Academy of Justice; Candidate of Law,
Assistant Professor) published in Amicus Curiae – Journal of the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced
Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by SALS at the IALS
(Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study,
University of London)
The service contract in Russia: parties, definitions, contents and form
No full textThe author provides commentary on the legal regulation of service contracts, and suggests some possible improvements. An article by Mrs E.A. Ershova (Head of the Labour Law Department, Russian Academy of Justice; Candidate of Law, Assistant Professor) published in Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London)
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