APAV - Academy of Sciences, Letters, Arts and Technology (E-Journals)
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Connecting the Dots: Science, Philosophy, and the Great Mysteries of the Universe
No full textThis article highlights how even the great mysteries of the universe—such as what existed before the Big Bang, the concept of infinity, and the possible existence of a first or ultimate cause of the cosmos—can be answered in a specific way. Despite their importance, these topics have received limited attention within the academic community. In this essay, I emphasize the complexity of the ongoing debate surrounding issues such as the beginning and end of the universe and the origin of life, which has led to numerous new hypotheses in recent decades. I conclude that the great mysteries of the universe may be unraveled through tools such as artificial intelligence, contact with extraterrestrial civilizations, and the in-depth study of cosmological mathematics and information. This article demonstrates that science and philosophy can answer questions about the cosmos that humanity has pondered for centuries
η-Ricci solitons in a LP-Sasakian manifolds admitting quarter-symmetric metric connection
Full text linkThe objective of this paper is to investigate the -Ricci solitons in a LP-Sasakian manifolds admitting quarter-symmetric metric connection satisfying certain curvature conditions. We study the Ricci solitons in a LP-Sasakian manifolds admitting quarter-symmetric metric connection satisfying certain conditions. Finally, we have given an example of 3-dimensional -Ricci solitons in a LP-Sasakian manifolds with respect to quarter-symmetric metric connection
Data Mining Meets Logic: Situation-Based Modal Logic and Metadata Veracity
Full text linkLogic and theoretical computer science are deeply interconnected, with logic forming a foundational pillar in the emergence of computer science. This connection has grown stronger over time, driven by advancements in symbolic systems within artificial intelligence, formal verification methods, and automated reasoning techniques. However, within the vast landscape of computer science, data science remains an area where the link to logic is relatively underdeveloped. In this paper, I apply algebraic logic to address an urgent challenge for data scientists: metadata veracity. Inspired byWillard Van Orman Quine’s well-known slogan, “No entity without identity”, I propose, “No data without metadata”, underscoring the importance of descriptive metadata in scientific articles. The central idea of my framework is that the geometric zones of a scientific article – with its atomic metadata – , correspond to an algebraic situation space. Consequently, I develop a situation-based semantics grounded on the idea that situations are portions of a possible world, a possible world is a PDF document and that sentences point to situations and describe what is going on in them. Applying mathematical logic tools to data mining enables a rigorous framework for defining metadata veracity, offering a structured approach to assess the accuracy and reliability of extracted information
The Bayesian Hidden Markov Chain Modeling of the Ghana COVID-19 Blood Type Infection Distribution
Full text linkThis work uses the Bayesian Poisson-Hidden Markov Model (BP-HMM) to develop a model that properly describes the blood type distribution among newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients. The study estimated the number of Hidden states for COVID-19 datasets from Ghana based on blood type distribution. The study's results show that the number of hidden states and rates of infection vary by blood type, four hidden states were found for the blood group whereas all the others had five each. It was established that, the blood group O had the highest infection rate and more susceptible for an infected person deteriorated through the transition states
Sulla gravit`a dei gravi: Galileo e Aristotele (On the Gravity of Heavy Bodies: Galileo and Aristotle)
No full textAbstract We discuss some mathematical and philosophical aspects connected with the free fall question according to the aristotelian and galileian point of view. In particular we deal with the question of the mass dependence of the fall velocity. Identifying the aristotelian velocity with a limit velocity in a resistive medium, the dispute focuses on the role of continuous functions and the two different approaches recreate in the different order of taking limits for the motion in a vacuum.SuntoSi propongono alcune considerazioni sui modelli matematici impliciti nel punto di vista aristotelico e galileiano sulla questione della dipendenza dalla massa della velocità di caduta dei gravi. Identificando la velocità di caduta aristotelica con una velocità limite in un mezzo resistente, la controversia si cristallizza nel ruolo delle funzioni continue, ricomponendosi nel diverso ordine di passaggio al limite nei due differenti approcci nel considerare la possibilità di moto in uno spazio vuot
Some results on pseudo MV-algebras with n-roots
No full textThe paper provides a study of pseudo MV-algebras with -roots. We outline their main properties and establish that the class of MV-algebras with -roots forms a variety. Then, we introduce the concept of a strict -root to classify the class of pseudo MV-algebras with -root and demonstrate an equivalence between this variety and the class of -divisible unital -groups. Finally, we find a relationship between strongly atomless pseudo MV-algebra and strict pseudo MV-algebras. \\ \textbf{Keywords}: Pseudo MV-algebra; Square root; n-root; n-strict MV-algebra; Boolean algebra; Strongly atomles
Comparison of aggregation methods used in online reviews: a critical analysis
Full text linkWith digitalization, online reviews have become a crucial component of consumer decisions and are an important source of feedback on products and services. Users can make informed choices using online review systems such as e-commerce platforms, social media, and others. However, the collection and analysis of these reviews raises a number of questions regarding reliability, representativeness and accuracy. Since they directly influence users' choices, the methods used to aggregate review scores are extremely important. In this article, we explore the most common aggregation methods for rating online reviews on the Amazon platform, with a particular focus on the arithmetic mean. Although these methods are easy to implement, they do not always accurately reflect the overall quality of a product. We then critically analyze how more sophisticated approaches can minimize some of the limitations of the mean, such as the so-called recent bias; propose more robust solutions and alternative approaches that can provide a more accurate representation of the overall rating, improving the quality of aggregated ratings
Toth e il pensiero trans-euclideo in Aristotele (Toth and trans-euclidean thought in Aristotle)
No full textAbstract For about 2000 years the postulate of parallels, enunciated by Euclid, was a source of doubts (postulate or theorem?) clarified with the birth of non-Euclidean geometry.In the light of this new knowledge of geometry, Toth, a Greek scholar and historian of mathematics, glimpses typical properties of geometry today defined as non-Euclidean in some writings of Aristotle. To clearly highlight free will, the Stagirite uses geometric examples partly taken from the geometry known at the time, partly uses its negation, that is, he shows, involuntarily, the presuppositions of the geometry that we know today as non-Euclidean, without delving into the possible logical coexistence of antithetical statements.This short note is an invitation to read Aristotle in a re-interpretative way.Keywords: Toth, Aristotle, free will, non-euclidean geometry.SuntoPer cica 2000 anni il postulato delle parallele, enunciato da Euclide, è stato fucina di dubbi (postulato o teorema?) chiariti con la nascita dela Geometria Non-Euclidea. Alla luce d queste nuove conoscenze di geometria, Toth, grecista e storico della matematica, in alcuni scritti di Aristotele intravede proprietà tipiche di geometria non euclidea. Lo Stagirita, per descrivere con rigore il libero arbitrio, usa esempi geometrici, in parte prelevati dalla geometria all’epoca nota, in parte ponendo la sua negazione, ovvero mostra, involontariamente, i presupposti della geometria, oggi definita non euclidea, senza approfondire la possibile coesistenza logica di affermazioni antitetiche. Questa breve nota è un invito alla lettura d’Aristotele in chiave re-interpretativa.Parole chiave: Toth, Aristotele, libero arbitrio, geometria non-euclidea
Formazione dei docenti e Bildung: proposta teorica di un quadro di riferimento (Teacher Training and Bildung: Theoretical Proposal for a Framework)
No full textAbstractTeaching diagrams will be introduced as an extension of Develay's teaching triangle, both to highlight teacher self-development and to correlate them with the categories of the Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) framework. These diagrams and MKT are then contextualized within the philosophical-pedagogical framework of German Neohumanism (18th-19th centuries) and Gadamer's hermeneutics (20th century). This will constitute the proposed coordinated framework for teacher self-development, called BMDD.Keywords: teacher self-development; Bildung; Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching; Teaching diagrams.SuntoSi introdurranno i diagrammi didattici come ampliamento del triangolo didattico di Develay sia per evidenziare l'attività di auto-formazione del docente sia per correlarli alle categorie del quadro di riferimento della Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT). I suddetti diagrammi e la MKT sono, poi, contestualizzati nel quadro di riferimento filosofico-pedagogico della Bildung del Neoumanesimo tedesco (XVIII-XIX sec.) e con l'ermeneutica di Gadamer (XX sec.). Il tutto costituirà la proposta di quadro di riferimento coordinato per l'auto-formazione del docente denominato BMDD.Parole chiavi: auto-formazione docente; Bildung; Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching; diagrammi didattici
The Upraise of Instrumentalism in the Natural Sciences and its Consequences
No full textThe paper analyses the historical and epistemological rise of instrumentalism in the natural sciences, tracing its roots to the second industrial revolution and focusing particularly on the German scientific and educational system. The authors argue that instrumentalism, understood as the reduction of scientific theories to predictive or utilitarian tools, cannot be separated from the processes of specialisation, state intervention, and the transformation of science into an economic resource. The paper contrasts this instrumentalist approach with the Enlightenment tradition of rational empiricism, emphasising the loss of critical reason, conceptual understanding, and unity of knowledge. The discussion extends to twentieth-century physics, technoscience, and contemporary Artificial Intelligence, which is presented as the ultimate form of instrumental knowledge devoid of genuine understanding