1,626 research outputs found
OO-Correspondence as Cumulativity
No full textBoth Sympathy constraints and OO-correspondence constraints are types of correspondence constraints, and both can induce opaque phenomena. Yet, Sympathetic constraint interaction is mediated by a special type of correspondence constraints (cumulativity constraints), while OO-correspondence is mediated by ordinary correspondence constraints. This paper argues that cumulative constraints can also be used in OO-correspondence. It is also argued that this is desirable for two reasons: (i) It unifies these two kinds of non-IO-correspondence. (ii) Certain types of OO-correspondence induced opacity that are possible with ordinary correspondence constraints, are excluded if cumulative constraints are used. Cumulative OO-correspondence constraints therefore result in a more restrictive theory.The definitive version of this paper was published in Carpenter, A., Coetzee, A., and de Lacy, P. (Eds.). University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 26, Papers in Optimality Theory II (2003), pp. 27-57
Coq Implementation of OO Verification Framework VeriJ
No full textWe implement an OO specification and verification framework VeriJ in the proof assistant Coq. This framework covers the main OO features like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It can modularly specify and verify programs, while only one specification per method is necessary. In this paper, we introduce the framework VeriJ, our tool in Coq, and an example to illustrate how to specify/verify the program in a modular and abstract way.EICPCI-S(ISTP)[email protected]; [email protected]
Does OO sync with the way we think?
No full textGiven that corrective-maintenance costs already dominate the software life cycle and look set to increase significantly, reliability in the form of reducing such costs should be the most important software improvement goal. Yet the results are not promising when we review recent corrective-maintenance data for big systems in general and for OO in particular-possibly because of mismatches between the OO paradigm and how we think
ROVIBRONIC BANDS OF THE TRANSITION OF CHOO and CDOO DETECTED WITH CAVITY RINGDOWN NEAR 1.2 M
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, TaiwanWe have recorded several rovibronic bands of the transition of CHOO and CDOO near 1.2 m with the cavity ringdown technique. The light source was a Raman-shifted beam from a dye laser pumped with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The band shows partially resolved rovibronic lines which, when coupled with rotational parameters of the lower state determined recently by Endo and coworkers, can be fitted to yield spectral parameters of the upper states: = 8269.6 0.5 cm, A = 1.526 cm, B = 0.388 cm, and C = 0.323 cm for CHOO, and = 8195.5 0.5 cm, A = 1.169 cm, B = 0.329 cm, and C = 0.28 cm for CDOO. The vibrational spacing of 886.8 cm for the mode of CHOO is more precise than a previous report of 896 9 cm using conventional absorption spectroscopy; this mode is associated with the CO stretching mode rather than the OO stretching mode assigned previously. Two additional vibronic bands of CDOO were also detected for the first time; tentatively identified vibrational wave numbers of the state of CDOO are 953 ( and 970 ( cm, consistent with quantum-chemical calculations. Hot bands associated with excitation of the torsional mode were also observed
Causes, Effects and Possible Solution of Seasonal Egg Gluts: A Case Study of Ejigbo Small Poultry Holders Perspectives.
No full textCauses, Effects and Possible Solution of Seasonal Egg Gluts: A Case Study of Ejigbo Small Poultry Holders Perspectives.
No full textA study was conducted to assess small holder poultry farmers' perspectives on the causes, effects and solution to the cyclical egg glut in Ejigbo, Nigeria using questionnaire for data collection and descriptive data analysis. Farmers interviewed agreed that government policies have a registered effect on drop of egg sales (73.6%), low egg sales due to low per capita income and consequently purchasing power (95%), lack of adequate education (75%), availability and affordability of close substitutes (20%), and availability and affordability of complementary foods e.g yam, bread (67%) were factors responsible for egg glut. Cyclical egg glut spans for a period of about four months in a year (80%) starting from March-June. The respondents also agreed that the period of recovery post-glut was 6 months. Respondents agreed that, sales of live birds (90%), disposal of stale eggs, sales of eggs at prices below marginal cost or high discount (85%), product sales on credit were the major coping strategies employed during egg gluts.Keywords:Egg-glut, small holders, peri-urba
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Myanmar: The Role of the State
No full textThe prevention of Conflict-related Sexual Violence (CRSV) often relies on states to lead prevention and response mechanisms at the domestic level. However, state actors, such as the military, are frequently responsible for this violence. Can states play an effective role in preventing and responding to CRSV?
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Myanmar: The Role of the State provides a deeper understanding of the state's role as a prevention actor and explains why strategies aimed at preventing CRSV often fail and can sometimes even result in more harm.
Myanmar is a politically complex state that has experienced several decades of armed conflict, persistent military regimes, and a high prevalence of CRSV incidents committed by the state armed forces, the Tatmadaw. The book offers unique insights into CRSV prevention efforts in Myanmar, tracing the implementation process of the Joint Communiqué (JC), an agreement signed between the Myanmar government and the United Nations to effectively prevent and respond to CRSV.
This book is based on a comprehensive qualitative analysis of internal and public documents, and interviews with multiple stakeholders over a two-year period. It reveals how the gendered power structure and formal and informal practices of Myanmar’s state institutions constantly impeded the implementation process of the JC and offered a very limited political opportunity structure for local women’s CSOs to be involved in the JC implementation. A significant portion of the data in this book was collected in 2021 following the military coup in Myanmar. The author describes her experiences as a local researcher in solidarity with the local research participants experiencing the brutality of the military crackdown and conducting data collection in a particularly challenging context.No Full Tex
UV SPECTRUM AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SIMPLEST CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE CHOO
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemsitry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323In the troposphere, ozonolysis of ethene as well as other terminal alkenes, such as isoprene, results in formation of the simplest Criegee intermediate, CHOO, which gives rise to many products of atmospheric significance. In the laboratory, CHOO is prepared in a quartz capillary tube reactor using a new synthetic route, 204 (2012).} based on 248 nm photolysis of CHI and subsequent reaction with O. The CHOO and other products undergo supersonic expansion, and are detected using fixed frequency VUV ionization (118 nm) with mass (m/z=46) and isomer selectivity. Spectroscopic studies of CHOO are carried out by UV laser excitation on the B A-X A transition prior to photoionization, which results in significant depletion of the ion signal (approaching 100\%) near the peak of a broad absorption profile centered at 335 nm., 20045 (2012).} The large depletion and broad absorption are indicative of rapid dissociation, consistent with the repulsive B A state potential in the O-O coordinate that has been computed theoretically. The experimental spectrum is in very good agreement with the absorption spectrum calculated using the one-dimensional reflection principle. The atmospheric lifetime of CHOO due to solar photolysis at midday is estimated to be 1 s. These findings provide a UV spectral signature of the strong - transition associated with the four electrons on the carbonyl oxide group in CHOO. Extensions of this work to methyl substituted Criegee intermediates reveal similar absorption features arising from the COO -system
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