130,200 research outputs found
Upper Cohen-Macaulay Dimension
No full textIn this paper, we define a homological invariant for finitely generated modules over a commutative noetherian local ring, which we call upper Cohen-Macaulay dimension. This invariant is quite similar to Cohen-Macaulay dimension that has been introduced by Gerko. Also we
define a homological invariant with respect to a local homomorphism of local rings. This invariant links upper Cohen-Macaulay dimension with Gorenstein dimension.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
LA OBJECIÓN DE CONCIENCIA EN EL DERECHO POSITIVO CHILENO, B. ARAYA P.
No full textB. ARAYA P., 1ª ed. Santiago, Editorial Libromar, 2017, 104 p.p.ISBN: 978-956-7890-41-
Camelobaetidius guaycara Sibaja-Araya & Esquivel 2018, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Camelobaetidius guaycara</i> Sibaja-Araya & Esquivel, sp. nov. <p>FigureS 1 –8.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis. Mature nymphs</b>. 1) labrum with anterior margin with about 13 Small, double, frayed Setae; arc of anterodorSal Setae of labrum with 1 + 6 Setae, the two inner oneS frayed; intermediate Setae preSent; Several Small Simple Setae near poSterior margin; ventral Surface with a denSe arc of Short, fine Setae near the anterior margin and with 4 Short Setae near lateral margin; a minute Seta near the anterior margin on both SideS of the cleft (Fig. 4a); 2); left mandible with 5 Short inciSorS, tip of the Slender proceSS eXtended at about the Same level aS the inciSorS (Fig. 4b); 3) Segment II of labial palp with a Short triangular diStomedial projection (FigS. 5c, d, e); 4); one Small thoracic gill at the baSe of foreleg; 5) tarSal clawS with 27–32 denticleS (Fig. 6b); 6) poSterior margin of abdominal tergum IV with rounded SpineS of different SizeS (Fig. 6c); 7) paraproct with 1–3 SpineS (Fig. 6e).</p> <p>Size: Mature nymphS. Body length: 4.5–5.5 mm, femaleS larger than maleS; antenna: 2.0–3.0 mm; cerci 3.5– 4.0 mm; terminal filament 3.0– 3.5 mm.</p> <p> Body coloration: head with olive SpotS on fronS; pro and metanotum homogeneouS dark olive; meSonotum with elongate dark olive markS; femora with elongate olive markS on anterior face; abdominal terga coloration SeXually dimorphic, additionally both SeXeS from both SlopeS have diStinct patternS of abdominal coloration (Fig 2), that of maleS being aS followS: <b>a)</b> tergum VIII completely white while other terga have a dark/light olive pattern (14 individualS), <b>b)</b> terga I, II, VIII completely white, other terga with dark/light olive pattern (21 individualS), <b>c)</b> tergum VIII light gray with two Small SpotS and other terga with dark/light olive pattern (21 individualS), and <b>d)</b> all terga with dark/light olive pattern (12 individualS); femaleS preSent two coloration patternS: one Similar to male pattern <b>c)</b> (15 individualS), and the other like male pattern <b>d)</b> (31 individualS); femora with elongate olive markS on anterior face, femur-tibia articulation dark brown; tibiae and tarSi white; cerci dark grey and terminal filament white (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Body morphology. Head</b>: Antennae Scape and pedicel with minute, Simple Setae on lateral marginS; both dorSal and ventral SurfaceS bare.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 4a) broader than long; anterior margin with about 13 double, frayed Setae, arc of anterodorSal Setae with 1 + 6 Setae, Second inner Seta longer than the firSt, both frayed, remainder of Setae Simple, all Setae of arc long, eXtending beyond margin of labrum; intermediate Seta abSent; lateral margin with 4 Simple Setae and 9–11</p> <p>frayed, anterolateral Setae. Ventral Surface with a denSe arc of Short, fine Setae near anterior margin, 4 Small Setae near the lateral margin and a minute Seta near the anterior margin on both SideS of cleft.</p> <p>Left mandible (Fig. 4b): inciSorS with 6 denticleS Similar in Size; proStheca well developed; no Setae between proStheca and mola; area bearing the Slender proceSS (thumb) raiSed, the tip of the Slender proceSS eXtending to about Same level aS inciSorS; molar region longer than length between proStheca and Slender proceSS; and three Simple Setae on the mandible’S baSal region.</p> <p>Right mandible (Fig. 4c): inciSorS with 6 denticleS Similar in Size; proStheca not well developed; three Small Simple Setae between proStheca and mola; molar region with a well developed diSk-like proceSS (“molar diSk”) (fig. 4d); molar region Shorter than length between proStheca and molar diSk and four Simple Setae on mandible’S baSal region.</p> <p>HypopharynX (Fig. 5a): lingua Shorter than Superlinguae, apically hairy on dorSal and ventral SurfaceS; Superlinguae apically hairy on dorSal and ventral SurfaceS and with Serrate area at the middle of lateral margin.</p> <p>MaXillae (Fig. 5b): robuSt; galea with four apical canineS and two apical rowS of Setae, Some Setae of one of theSe rowS large and thick while otherS are thin, and Setae of other row Shorter and curved; three Setae on SubdiStal internal margin; maXillary palp not SurpaSSing apical canineS, Segment I Short; Segment II thick, bicepS-like; Segment III elongate, longer than Segment II.</p> <p>Labium (Fig. 5c): paragloSSa and gloSSa equal in length, both dorSally and ventrally with numerouS elongate and curved Setae on apeX; palp Segment I thick, aS long aS SegmentS II + III, dorSal Surface with Several microporeS along eXternal margin; Segment II with a Short triangular diStomedial projection, variable aS Shown in Fig. 5d and 5e; diStomedial projection diStinctly larger on the right palp of Some individualS, dorSal Surface with Several microporeS and a row of 3–4 Simple Setae, 5–8 Simple marginal Setae on ventral Surface; Segment III rounded, broader than longer, with numerouS robuSt SpineS on ventral Surface, dorSal Surface with a row of robuSt Setae on apeX.</p> <p> <b>Thorax:</b> DorSally with dark olive pattern, pro and metanotum entirely dark olive, meSonotum with elongate dark olive markS; ventrally yellowiSh. Hind wing padS preSent. Small nipple-like thoracic gillS preSent at baSe of forecoXa; femora with elongate olive markS on anterior face, dorSal edge with one row of 40–45 long Spine-like Setae, ventral edge with numerouS microporeS and Several Short Spine-like Setae, anterior face with Several fine and Short Setae, articulation femur-tibia dark brown; tibia light brown, patella-tibial Suture preSent, two rowS of Setae on dorSal edge, one of them with fine long Setae and the other with fine, Short Setae, ventral edge with Several microporeS near articulation with femur-tibia and 5–6 Spine-like Setae along itS margin, anterior face with Several fine and Short Setae; tarSi light brown, Several Short fine Setae on dorSal edge, ventral edge with 6 Setae along margin, 2 of them long and 1 Short on apeX (Fig. 6a); clawS with 27–32 denticleS (Fig. 6b).</p> <p> <b>Abdomen:</b> poSterior margin of abdominal terga with rounded SpineS of different SizeS and Simple fine Setae not SurpaSSing length of larger SpineS (Fig. 6c); gillS white, oval; reduced on SegmentS I and VII and with no pigmented tracheation; well-developed tracheation on otherS gillS, marginS with fine, Small Setae (Fig. 6d); paraproct with 1–3 Sclerotized SpineS, Several microporeS and Simple, fine Setae on dorSal Surface, (Fig. 6e); cerci dark gray and terminal filament white, cerci approXimately 12% longer than the central filament (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Adults.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Material examined: Holotype</b>, mature ♀ nymph on 95% alcohol (mouthpartS, legS, gillS, terga and paraproctS in microvial), CoSta Rica, PuntarenaS province, Río Claro de Golfito, Río Claro, 8°41’13.05’’N / 83°02’48.78’’W, 70 meterS above Sea level, IV/15/2017, F. Sibaja-Araya coll., depoSited at the <b>MNCR</b>. <b>Paratypes</b>, two mature nymphS (partS in microvial), Same data aS the holotype, houSed at <b>LEUNA</b>; two mature nymphS (partS in microvial), Same data aS the holotype, houSed at <b>MZUCR</b>; two mature nymphS, Same data aS the holotype, houSed at <b>PERC</b>; eight mature nymphS, CoSta Rica, LimÓn province, Guácimo, Duacarí, Rio Jiménez, 10°18’04.95’’N / 83°37’24.67’’W, 45 meterS above Sea level, VI/15/2017, F. Sibaja-Araya, M. Guevara-Mora, D. Romero-Serrano, reSpectively depoSited at <b>MNCR</b> (two mature nymphS), <b>LEUNA</b> (two mature nymphS), <b>MNRJ (</b> two mature nymphS), and <b>FAMU (</b> two mature nymphS).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>: The name of thiS SpecieS honorS the indigenouS king Guaycara who Several centurieS ago ruled the Boruca people in Southern CoSta Rica where thiS new SpecieS waS firSt collected.</p>Published as part of <i>Sibaja-Araya, Fabián & Esquivel, Carlos, 2018, Camelobaetidius guaycara, a new species of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from Costa Rica, Central America, pp. 89-98 in Zootaxa 4434 (1)</i> on pages 90-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1290988">http://zenodo.org/record/1290988</a>
Osornolobus violetaparra Grismado & Pizarro-Araya 2023, n. sp.
No full text<i>Osornolobus violetaparra</i> n. sp. <p>(Figures 1–4)</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> Male holotype from CHILE: Maule: Talca Province: Linares, Achibueno Natural Reserve, Andes Sur, Congl. 781575, -36,140994, -71,369108; elev. 606 m. 01-03/XII-2021, pitfall (J. Pizarro-Araya, F. M. Alfaro, A. A. Ojanguren-Affilastro, H. Iuri & J. E. Calderón). Proyecto SIMEF VI-Maule (MHNS, N°8386). Male paratype from the same locality, date and collectors, Congl. 781405, -36,076539, -71,398583; elev. 439 m (MACN-Ar N°43777, vch CJG-2068).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> None.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Osornolobus violetaparra</i> <b>n. sp.</b> resembles <i>O. trancas</i> Forster & Platnick in the general morphology of the palpal organ (see Forster & Platnick, 1985, figs 141–142), but differs by having forwardly directed terminal paraembolic elements, by lacking the dorsal embolar sheath, and by the less conspicuous constriction of the base of the embolic division (Figs. 2 A–C). <i>O. violetaparra</i> <b>n. sp.</b> also resembles superficially to <i>O. nahuelbuta</i> in the shape of the terminal elements (Forster & Platnick, 1985, figs 137, 138), but they are more closely arranged, converging to the embolus; it is also distinguished by their larger body size (2.1vs. 1.8 mm) and their slender copulatory bulb (Figs. 1 F–I).</p> <p> <b>Female unknown</b>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of the memory of Violeta Parra (1917–1967), a world-renowned leading figure in Chilean folk music. Her artistic vein was expressed in many forms: radio performer, composer and folk compiler, visual artist, and poetess. Parra was fundamental to the Chilean New Song, a musical movement that emerged in Chile in the 1950s. As part of this movement, she reflected on the evolution of folk music in the different spaces in which she took part, becoming the leading figure in Chilean and South American folk music.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (Holotype male). Total length 2.1. Carapace 0.96 long, 0.72 wide. Abdomen 1.1 long, 0.72wide. Coloration: carapace light orangish brown, sternum slightly lighter, uniform; eye group on black pigment; dorsum of abdomen with purple chevron markings, well delimited on the postero-dorsal part, but almost entirely fused anteriorly in a purple area; abdominal venter light grey, with two purple patches immediately behind epigastric furrow; spinnerets flanked from behind and sides by purple pigment. Eye ratio, ALE:PME:PLE, 6:5:5. Chelicerae 0.38 long. Sternum 0.58 long, 0.46 wide. Leg spination: tibiae: III p1-1, v0-0-1; IV p1-1, r0-1-1, v0-1-2; metatarsi: III p1-1-1, r1-1, v0-1-2; IV p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v0-1-0-2. Tarsal organ elongate, with receptor spine longer than base (Fig. 2D). Leg measurements (femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, tarsi = total): I: 0.84, 0.38, 0.78, 0.72, 0.4 = 3.12; II: 0.78, 0.34, 0.62, 0.6, 0.34 = 2.68; III: 0.68, 0.26, 0.52, 0.58, 0.32 = 2.36; IV: 0.9, 0.36, 0.76, 0.82, 0.4 = 3.24. Leg formula: 4123. Genitalia: palpal bulb relatively slender, with relatively elongated embolic division; spermophore describing two open coils before the less sclerotized section (asterisks in Figs. 2 A–C); when runs slightly sinuously until ingressing in the embolus, which is nearly tubuliform, prolaterally located, and with a very small terminal lamella next to the ejaculatory opening. Two terminal prongs, one ventral-prolateral, widened and flattened, with a distal indentation, and other retrolateral, more sclerotized, with a darkened, acute tip and a dorsal triangular extension (arrow, in Figs. 2 B–C).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from the type locality, in Talca (Maule, Chile, Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. <i>Osornolobus violetaparra</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has only been collected in a small section within the Achibueno Natural Reserve (Región del Maule, Chile), an area of high biological value due to its unique landscapes and its role as a transition area between the Chilean Sclerophyllous Matorral and the Valdivian Temperate Forest biomes (Myers <i>et al.</i> 2000; San Martín 2022). They are characterized by species such as <i>Schinus molle</i> L., <i>Nothofagus glauca</i> (Phil.) Krasser, <i>Nothofagus obliqua</i> (Mirb.) Oerst., <i>Nothofagus dombeyi</i> (Mirb.) Oerst., <i>Persea lingue</i> (Miers ex Bertero) Nees, <i>Lomatia dentata</i> (Ruiz & Pav.) R. Br., and <i>Podocarpus saligna</i> D. Don. (Fig. 4).</p> <p> <b> Implications for the conservation of the habitat of <i>Osornolobus violetaparra</i> n. sp.</b> The Maule forest is a unique, highly diverse ecosystem where central Chile's sclerophyllous vegetation meets southern Chile's temperate vegetation (San Martín 2022; Smith-Ramírez <i>et al.</i> 2023). Even though it has been recognized as a high conservation value area globally due to its high endemicity and species richness, this forest has been intensively deforested and fragmented (Miranda <i>et al.</i> 2017; Smith-Ramírez <i>et al.</i> 2023) to the extent that its surface area has decreased by 67% since the mid-1970s (Echeverría <i>et al.</i> 2006; Becerra & Simonetti 2020), resulting in isolated native vegetation fragments that are surrounded by plantations of <i>Pinus radiata</i> D. Don., and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Labill. (White <i>et al.</i> 2020). This suggests that the biota associated with these ecosystems, particularly the edaphic epigeal fauna, such as spiders – a group that is sensitive to substrate perturbations– and the endemic fauna present in these unique environments face a critical conservation challenge (De La Vega <i>et al.</i> 2012). The highly endemic species of Orsolobidae in general, and <i>Osornolobus violetaparra</i> <b>n. sp.</b> in particular, might be a useful tool for implementing arthropod conservation strategies as part of the conservation of threatened environments. Niche specificity and bioindicator levels might be interesting questions for future research.</p>Published as part of <i>Grismado, Cristian J. & Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, 2023, A new species of the genus Osornolobus Forster & Platnick from the maulino forests of Chile (Araneae, Orsolobidae), pp. 585-592 in Zootaxa 5284 (3)</i> on pages 586-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7929768">http://zenodo.org/record/7929768</a>
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Araya Mûdinger, B. & Millie Holman, G. — Guia de campo de las aves de Chile. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago. Tercera edicion, 1989
No full textBourlière François. Araya Mûdinger, B. & Millie Holman, G. — Guia de campo de las aves de Chile. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago. Tercera edicion, 1989. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 46, n°3, 1991. pp. 291-292
Sistema de Control de Activos Fijos (CONAFI)
No full textReyes Guerrero, B. & Mora Araya, W. (2001). Sistema de Control de Activos Fijos (CONAFI). [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.El contenido del presente documento plantea los resultados obtenidos del proceso de análisis, diseño, construcción e implementación de un sistema realizado para la Asamblea Legislativa, denominado Sistema de Control de Activos Fijos (CONAFI). Se presentan los diferentes problemas que enfrentan los funcionarios, los factores críticos que afectan al servicio, Diagramas de Flujo de Datos (DFD's), diccionario de datos, soluciones propuestas y los elementos operacionales implementados para cubrir las necesidades de seguridad y los conceptos básicos que debe tener todo sistema de información. Se pretende, con la realización de este sistemas, proporcionar a los usuarios, una herramienta de fácil manejo que los oriente en la realización de sus gestiones y complemente la labor del personal administrativo de la Asamblea Legislativa.The content of this document presents the results obtained from the process of analysis, design, construction and implementation of a system carried out for the Legislative Assembly, called the Fixed Assets Control System (CONAFI). The different problems faced by the officials are presented, the critical factors that affect the service, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD's), data dictionary, proposed solutions and the operational elements implemented to cover the security needs and the basic concepts that must be have any information system. It is intended, with the realization of this system, to provide users with an easy-to-use tool that guides them in carrying out their procedures and complements the work of the administrative staff of the Legislative Assembly.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Informátic
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
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