215,412 research outputs found
The Arab Gulf countries and the Arab- Israeli conflict;: the linkages and dynamics (1970-2000)
No full textThis thesis examines the changing linkages and dynamics of the relationship between the Arab Gulf countries and the Arab-Israeli conflict through the period of 1970-2000. The Arab Gulf countries' level of involvement in supporting the Arabs and Palestinians in the Arab-Israeli conflict diminished throughout the period of study. The thesis explains this diminishing role by discussing the impact of the developments of international struggle for influence in the Gulf as well as the Israeli ambitions and relations to the Gulf region, largely expressed through the Israeli relationship with Iran under the Shah. The thesis shows that the years 1973, 1979 and 1990 formed important turning points for international influence in the region. These turning points influenced on the level of the Arab Gulf countries' involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Throughout the seventies, the Arab Gulf countries played an active role in supporting the Arab side in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The clearest expression of this support was the implementation of the oil embargo against the West during the October 1973 War. The eighties witnessed the birth of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the formation of which symbolized the emerging security challenges within the Gulf region. These security challenges represented by the Iranian Revolution, the Iran-Iraq war and the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan exhausted most of the capabilities and efforts of the Arab Gulf countries. Their focus and attention shifted away from the Arab-Israeli conflict, in spite of the serious and dramatic developments in that conflict. The repercussions of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 resulted in a further diminishment of the role of the Arab Gulf countries in backing the Palestinians in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Only after September 2000 and the beginning of the Second Palestinian Intifada did the Arab Gulf countries again play a vital role, by means of financial, political and media support. The thesis explains the linkages between security in the Gulf and the Arab- Israeli conflict. It examines the hypothesis that a reciprocal relationship explaining the level and type of Arab Gulf countries involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflict has existed throughout the period of the study
The Arab Avant-Garde: Musical Innovation in the Middle East
No full textIn the early nineteenth century, the term “avant-garde” began to capture greater semantic territory. Once purely a military phrase used to distinguish crack troops, it then assumed a high-ranking position within cultural expression, marking out art work that forged ahead and broke new ground. What can it mean to conjoin this French phrase with the word “Arab”? French forces, along with other imperial intruders, are no strangers to Arab terrain. The colonisation of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Greater Syria followed in the wake of the brief Napoleonic “mission” to Egypt between 1798 and 1801. It was during this military foray that some of modern Europe’s most expansive data on Egyptian music was collected, information that comprised two whole volumes of Guillaume André Villoteau’s Description de l’Egypte. The Napoleonic campaign gathered not only military, but also cultural intelligence, if the two can be so easily separated
Mirroring Hybridity: The use of Arab Folk Tradition in Laila Halaby's Once in a Promised Land and Alia Yunis's The Night Counter
No full textThis article explores the way in which Laila Halaby in Once in a Promised Land and Alia Yunis is in The Night Counter utilize the Arab folk tradition in novels on Arab and Muslim American experience to counter the dominant narrative that simultaneously erases their extensive history in the United States and juxtaposes it with a forced visibility that is marked by Otherness, threat, and distrust. The article argues that by using folkloric figures and storytelling structures, Halaby and Yunis reverse the positionality of these communities by marking the multiple cultural signifiers that inform their stories in order to construct a palimpsest that reinscribes Arab and Muslim American experiences within narratives that perceive them as problems. As such, the Arab folk tradition emerges as a significant mode in the cultural memory of Arab and Muslim Americans, and the American literary fabric more broadly, and takes on a new meaning in this context.Published articl
Arab-Related Bilateral and Multilateral Sources of Development Finance: Issues, Trends, and the Way Forward
No full textaid, official development assistance, Arab agencies, Development Assistance Committee
Arab Regional Integration:: A neo-functionalist and transactionalist analysis
No full textThis thesis is a multidisciplinary analysis of Arab regional integration using the neo- functionalist and transactionalist approaches to integration. Neo-functionalism analyses the process of integration in the Arab World by studying the role of regional institutions including the league of Arab States and three Arab joint ventures. The transactionalist approach examines the impact of regional trade on political and economic integration in the Arab Mashreq. The analysis of the Arab joint ventures is taken further by using elements of business and finance theories. It is conducted on two different levels: the first analyses the operational and financial performance of these ventures. The second examines their role in promoting regional integration especially in the sectors concerned. The analysis is intended to find out whether these ventures were commercially viable or were more politically inspired. Qualitative information was collected from conducting constructive interviews with Arab economists, politicians and managers of the Arab joint ventures examined. The quantitative data was collected from recognisable resources including the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia and the Arab Monetary Fund. The problems encountered in this thesis resulted from the application of these theoretical approaches to integration, which are designed to study integration in politically developed societies with more advanced economies. However, the choice is justified since there are no alternatives. Secondly, the data on trade and Arab joint ventures may not be completely accurate since it does not record all transactions. The thesis concludes the following: at the political level, regional institutions did not promote Arab integration since they lacked aspects of supranationality and collective decision-making processes. Also, they did not affect the Arab elite's attitudes and could not initiate a viable process of integration that would spill over from one sector to another. At the economic level, the low level of regional trade in the Arab Mashreq did not prevent the occurrence of many attempts at Arab integration. Moreover, the Arab joint ventures were more politically inspired than commercially. Although they were more resilient to economic and political instability in the Arab World, their role in promoting regional integration was limited
Multinational corporations in the Arab world with particular reference to the contribution of industrial joint ventures to development in the Gulf region
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis investigates the status and the role of Multinational Corporations in the Arab World. Its main hypothesis is that the Multinationals today represent a permanent feature as the major world-wide source of modern technology. As such, the Arab countries will continue relying, into the foreseeable future, upon technology produced, owned or controlled by these global firms.
The research finds that a century of increasing integration with the western industrialised countries, primarily shaped by the activities of the multinational corporations, has nevertheless left the Arab region less industrialised and more technologically and institutionally backward than many other parts of the world. The Arab Nation as a whole, in all its diversity of countries and regions, has failed to economically or industrially advance at the same rate as other newly industrialising regions. The lack of commitment to national and regional development needs in the Arab World on the part of most multinationals, is matched by an equal absence of any clear sense of purpose and dedication on the part of the Arab countries themselves.
Despite the proposition by some Arab professionals and elites that the Arab States must consider breaking with any development strategy that substantially relies on access to capital and technology provided by foreign multinationals, the research contends that, in view of the current underdeveloped state of indigenous technology in the Arab World, the contemplation of the option of "de-linking" from the multinationals is neither possible nor desirable. The fact is, that the Arab States, individually or as whole, are not as yet prepared for the challenges that such a go-it-alone development strategy would imply.
The research also finds that, as the multinational' behaviour is governed by diverse objectives, helping out the developing countries of the Arab World to build-up their technological base is not generally one of their distinctive goals. They have their own "growth" strategy while each of the individual Arab States has its own "development" policy. The objectives of each differ, as shown in this thesis, and are often incompatible. Yet, for a multinational corporation to secure profit, growth and security, it will need the goodwill of the Arab countries, while the latter, in order to start building their technological base, need the multinationals. Thus, objectively, they need each other and a fruitful cooperation between the two parties depends on the convergence of two strategies, which usually need to undergo many changes in order to accommodate each other's diverse interests.
This means that, what a foreign multinational can really offer depends on how much an Arab country, individually or in collaboration with other Arab countries, may actually be prepared or able to take. From the latter's viewpoint, the ability to take is dependent on the extent to which the Arab countries can cooperate effectively together. The recent trend in the region towards forging economic integration, in the form of regional groupings among neighbouring Arab countries, is widely heralded to be an essential step in the right direction. However, in view of the considerable variations in natural resource endowments which exist among the countries of the Arab World, it has been increasingly suggested by the Arab participants of our main survey, that inter-Arab multinational joint ventures constitute a highly desirable form of organising economic activity, and of accomplishing effective economic cooperation among the countries of the region.
Most importantly, the thesis demonstrates that there are many areas in which conventional economic theories are deficient in explaining multinationals' behaviour and impact on the Arab World. Deficiencies between theory and practice arc referred to throughout the work and discussed in particular detail in Chapters 4 and 12.
A major conclusion of this study is that, the Arab governments which once feared the multinationals are now actively interested in seeking to court and accommodate them more effectively to local development needs. There is increasing evidence that the Arab countries have learned to bargain with multinationals to make them better serve their specific objectives and interests. Through more contacts and interactions, previously contrasting positions have softened and a wave of pragmatic attitudes on both sides is emerging to promote greater recognition of the mutual interests involved.
It is the hope of the author of this thesis that his work will encourage even greater mutual understanding and cooperation between the Arab States and multinational partners in the future. Indeed it is only through such cooperation that joint efforts can be effectively used to promote beneficial development and growth for the future prosperity of the Arab Nation as a whole
Pembelajaran bahasa Arab di pondok pesantren Hidayatullah Makassar
No full textABSTRAKMUQAYYIMAH (F41108265). Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Makassar. Dibimbing oleh Dr.H. Muhammad Nur Latif, M. Hum. dan Muhammad Ridwan, S.S., M. A.Penerapan pembelajaran bahasa Arab, guru harus memiliki strategi agar siswa dapat belajar secara efektif dan efisien, langkah untuk memilih strategi adalah dengan menguasai teknik-teknik penyajian, yang biasa disebut metode pembelajaran. Telah dilakukan penelitian Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Makassar dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan metode apa saja yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, dan menjelaskan metodepembelajaran bahasa Arab yang digunakan di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Makassar. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dan data primer yang menggunakan pendeketan bersifat kualitatif dan dikemukakan secara deskriptif. efektifitas mengajar guru ketika menggunakan metode langsung dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di kelas menggunakan metode langsung dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab cukup baik, serta efektifitas belajar murid dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di kelas yang menggunakan metode langsung juga baik. Adapun solusi dari faktor penghambat peserta didik adalah santriwati harus senantiasa menambah perbendaharaan kosa-kata baru setiap hari, baik yang berasal dari kamus, guru maupun pengurus pondok, santriwati mencatat istilah-istilah konteporer (asing) kemudian mencari artinya dalam kamus bahasa Arab atau langsung menanyakan kepada guru bahasa Arab serta menghafalkannya.xx + 70 hlm
King Arab ...
No full textAn advertisement to stud ''King Arab'' the horse.Full catalog title: King Arab : register no. 55,748 : will make the season at the yellow barn of my Prairie Rose Farm on the Fort Worth and Cleburne road, ten miles southwest of Fort Worth or four miles northwest of Crowley ... Creator from catalog record
Arab West Report 2008 Weeks 02-52: Major Challenges Regarding Arab-West Dialogue and Muslim-Christian Relations
No full textThis dataset contains the Arab-West Report special reports that were published in 2008. This dataset mainly contains the writings of Cornelis Hulsman, Drs., among other authors on topics related to Muslim- Christian relations, sectarian tensions, and incidents.
Over the course of the year 2008, Egypt witnessed notable sectarian tensions. Several reports in this dataset concern the Abu Fana tensions, incidents which took place in the Upper Egyptian Minya governorate surrounding a dispute over the growth of Abu Fana Monastery. Arab West Report devoted a large portion of articles and reports covering the story and analysing its developments. Other reports contain published commentary from scholars and critiques of Egyptian and Western media coverage of the sectarian incident.
Another major controversial issue addressed in this dataset is the notorious film Fitna which caused an uproar in the Islamic World. Other reports highlight the launching of ENAWU, the Electronic Network for Arab West Understanding.
Papers submitted by the staff and interns of CAWU detail the Arab media coverage of the war on Iraq, and facts about the church building regulations and incidents in Egypt, in addition to interviews conducted by AWR and book reviews. Furthermore other reports narrated the experiences of interns when they visited monasteries and witnessed the monastic life. In addition to that some reports shed light on the field visits done by Arab West Report to Minya governorate to collect information and testimonies from residents and monks in relation to the Abu Fana Monastery dispute.
Additionally, reports spanning that year on this dataset pointed out to the workshops and conferences that revolved around conflict resolution and dialogue. Furthermore, it contained commentary on published material from other sources (reviews/critique of articles)
The dynamics of the Arab regional order since the Kuwait crisis 1990-91: is there an Arab system that governs inter-Arab relations?
No full textThis thesis identifies that there has been a change within inter-Arab relations since the Kuwait Crisis in 1990-91. It asserts that the ensuing crisis unravelled the Arab system and brought about an end to the discourse of pan-Arab nationalism. Moreover, this crisis served to bring out the real discourse within inter-Arab relations: only the state's self-interest determines the foreign policy of Arab states,\not their belonging to Arab institutions or an Arab nation. However, as I shall argue, despite the continuous presence of the Arab League, the Arab system was diminished by the KC. In this context, two parallel issues demonstrate the diminishing of the system: one is the marginalisation of Iraq, and the other is the peace process between the Arab states and Israel. In both cases, the United States has acted as the 'powerful regulator' which has determined the Stand der Dinge (order of things) of the region. This thesis will also argue that Arab states in both cases had no choice but to conform to regional mechanisms determining the dynamics of the two aforementioned developments. The presence of the United States in the region was demonstrated by the ousting of Iraq from Kuwait, since which time the United States has become the main actor and a regional unit in the emerging system. However, for the US to remain so and to keep its interest in the region safe, it has had to rely solely on force. This thesis, therefore, will illustrate the nature of the new Middle East regional system, showing that the structure of the emerging Middle East system since 1990 has been dominated by the use of force. Iraq invaded Kuwait by force, it was ousted from there by force; the sanctions on Iraq were kept in place by force, and the Israeli occupation of Arab lands remains by force. Finally, the system was brought into full consolidation by force demonstrated by the Operation Iraqi Freedom in March-April 2003
- …
