130,431 research outputs found
Boskapsapoteket : fanns det bot för sot?
No full textBoskapsapoteket är en del av Veterinärmuseet i Skara. Där finns unika samlingar av s.k. ståndkärl från sent 1700-tal bevarade. Författaren identifierar de starkt förkortade beteckning- arna på flera av dessa kärl och beskriver egenskaperna hos de olika läkemedlen. Med hjälp av Peter Hernquists bevarade handskrifter skildras den dåtida användningen i framför allt veterinärmedicinen men också i humanmedicinen. Författaren undersöker om några av de dro- ger som Hernquist rekommenderade kunde tänkas ha haft någon effekt på de olika sjukdomar som beskrivs
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
De-escalation of axillary surgery in breast cancer : patient experiences, arm morbidity, and health-related quality of life
No full textIn breast cancer surgery for node-positive disease, axillary staging surgery is typically performed alongside the tumour removal. Arm morbidity is a known consequence of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Although current studies are investigating the de-escalation of axillary surgery in sentinel node-positive breast cancer, its consequences on arm morbidity remains insufficiently understood. This thesis aims to increase the knowledge on how different axillary staging surgical methods affect patient-reported arm morbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and everyday life.Study I evaluated the impact of omitting of ALND on arm morbidity and HRQoL in patients with 1-2 sentinel lymph node macrometastases undergoing primary surgery. One-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from 976 participants in the randomised SENOMAC trial (Sweden and Denmark) were analysed (sentinel lymph node biopsy [SLNB] only: n=501, SLNB+ALND: n=475). PROMs were reported using EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BR23, and Lymph- ICF-UL questionnaires between March 2015 and June 2019. One year after surgery, the SLNB only group reported significantly lower arm morbidity than the SLNB+ALND group, although no significant differences in overall HRQoL were seen.Study II was a descriptive qualitative study exploring women's experiences of arm impairment following axillary staging surgery. Six focus group discussions were held with 28 relapse-free, Swedish-speaking women between September and December 2022. The qualitative content analysis resulted in one overall theme, "Balancing challenges and personal resources", and three categories: "Sense-making", "Daily life", and "Driving force". Participants described varying degrees of arm-related challenges. While most were satisfied with their everyday life in relation to arm symptoms, those with more pronounced arm impairment experienced a negative impact on everyday life. Key coping strategies included understanding symptoms, adapting routines, and the use of empowering resources.Study III, a cross-sectional cohort study, evaluated the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire. Between October 2024 and March 2025, 27 Swedish-speaking women without diagnosed lymphoedema, who had one year earlier undergone surgery for node-positive breast cancer, participated. The study included back-translation into English, test-retest analysis, assessment of internal consistency and construct validity, as well as evaluation of face and content validity. The instrument demonstrated good stability and internal consistency, with moderate to good construct validity. Face and content validity supported its use in assessing arm dysfunction after axillary staging surgery.Study IV was an international, prospective cohort study examining the association between patient-reported arm morbidity and ALND, targeted axillary dissection (TAD), or SLNB following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer. PROMs from 1,293 women across 15 countries who had converted to clinical node negativity through NACT were assessed using the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire. Data were collected between June 2020 and January 2025, with surgery performed no later than 30 June 2023. Findings indicate that ALND is associated with a worse progression of arm morbidity from preoperative status to one-year post-surgery compared to TAD or SLNB. Adjusted odds indicated a higher likelihood of severe arm-related physical dysfunction following ALND than after TAD or SLNB.In summary, SLNB and TAD seems to be associated with better preservation of arm function compared to ALND. Although significant differences in arm morbidity were observed, HRQoL did not differ between groups. However, women in the interview study who experienced more severe arm impairment also described a negative impact on their everyday lives. These findings support the ongoing de-escalation of axillary staging in breast cancer care. However, the long-term consequences of arm morbidity and HRQoL remain to be fully understood.List of scientific papersI. Appelgren M, Sackey H, Wengström Y, Johansson K, Ahlgren J, Andersson Y, Bergkvist L, Frisell J, Lundstedt D, Rydén L, Sund M, Alkner S, Vrou Offersen B, Filtenborg Tvedskov T, Christiansen P, de Boniface J, on behalf of the SENOMAC Trialists' Group. Patient-reported outcomes one year after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in the randomized SENOMAC trial. The Breast. 2022;63(3):16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2022.02.013II. Appelgren M, Wengström Y, de Boniface J, Sackey H. 'Balancing Challenges and Personal Resources': A Qualitative Study of Women's Experiences of Arm Impairment After Axillary Surgery for Breast Cancer. JAN. 2025; 81(6):3156-3165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16517III. Appelgren M, Sackey H, Lindgren A, Johansson K, de Boniface J, Wengström Y. Validation of the Swedish Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health (Lymph-ICF-UL) Questionnaire: A Cross-Cultural Psychometric study. [Submitted]IV. Appelgren M, Sackey H, Banys-Paluchowski M, Hartmann S, Lundholm C, Wihlfahrt K, Berger T, Aktas Sezen B, Jursik K, Wagner J, Wengström Y, Hauptmann M, Schroth J, Thill M, Ditsch N, Stickeler E, Peintinger F, Vanhoeij M, Dostalek L, Kontos M, Zippel D, Gentilini OD, Di Micco R, Schlichting E, Rebaza LP, Murawa D, Pinto D, Bonci E-A, Rubio I, Gasparri ML, Hein A, Thiemann E, Holmstrand Zetterlund L, Karadeniz Cakmak G, Kühn T, de Boniface J, on behalf of the AXSANA Study Group. Patient-reported arm morbidity following axillary staging surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: one-year results from the EUBREAST-3 AXSANA cohort study. [Manuscript]</p
Mandatory and recommended vaccination in the EU, Iceland and Norway: results of the VENICE 2010 survey on the ways of implementing national vaccination programmes
No full textThis report provides an updated overview of recommended and mandatory vaccinations in the European Union (EU), Iceland and Norway, considering the differences in vaccine programme implementation between countries. In 2010, the Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE) network, conducted a survey among the VENICE project gatekeepers to learn more about how national vaccination programmes are implemented, whether recommended or mandatory. Information was collected from all 27 EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. In total 15 countries do not have any mandatory vaccinations; the remaining 14 have at least one mandatory vaccination included in their programme. Vaccination against polio is mandatory for both children and adults in 12 countries; diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in 11 countries and hepatitis B vaccination in 10 countries. For eight of the 15 vaccines considered, some countries have a mixed strategy of recommended and mandatory vaccinations. Mandatory vaccination may be considered as a way of improving compliance to vaccination programmes. However, compliance with many programmes in Europe is high, using only recommendations. More information about the diversity in vaccine offer at European level may help countries to adapt vaccination strategies based on the experience of other countries. However, any proposal on vaccine strategies should be developed taking into consideration the local context habits
Mandatory and recommended vaccination in the EU, Iceland and Norway: results of the VENICE 2010 survey on the ways of implementing national vaccination programmes
No full textThis report provides an updated overview of recommended and mandatory vaccinations in the European Union (EU), Iceland and Norway, considering the differences in vaccine programme implementation between countries. In 2010, the Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE) network, conducted a survey among the VENICE project gatekeepers to learn more about how national vaccination programmes are implemented, whether recommended or mandatory. Information was collected from all 27 EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. In total 15 countries do not have any mandatory vaccinations; the remaining 14 have at least one mandatory vaccination included in their programme. Vaccination against polio is mandatory for both children and adults in 12 countries; diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in 11 countries and hepatitis B vaccination in 10 countries. For eight of the 15 vaccines considered, some countries have a mixed strategy of recommended and mandatory vaccinations. Mandatory vaccination may be considered as a way of improving compliance to vaccination programmes. However, compliance with many programmes in Europe is high, using only recommendations. More information about the diversity in vaccine offer at European level may help countries to adapt vaccination strategies based on the experience of other countries. However, any proposal on vaccine strategies should be developed taking into consideration the local context habits
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