740 research outputs found
First person – Kosuke Shiraishi
No full textABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Kosuke Shiraishi is the first author on ‘Yeast Hog1 proteins are sequestered in stress granules during high-temperature stress’, published in Journal of Cell Science. Kosuke was a PhD student in the lab of Professor Yasuyoshi Sakai at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, investigating regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism and stress response in the methylotrophic yeast.</jats:p
MEMAHAMI PEMELIHARAAN ALLAH DALAM BENCANA GAGAL PANEN DI DAERAH SA’DAN TIROALLO BERDASARKAN MODEL BERTEOLOGI KOSUKE KOYAMA
No full textRecognition of God's love and care is not enough through fellowship but also through disasters in life, one of which is crop failure. This research aims to discover and understand the form of God's providence through crop failure disasters based on God's will, which is present in human life. Several theories used by the author include disaster theory, Kosuke Koyama's theology, and theories about God, which several authors have summarized. The research method used by the author is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Qualitative was developed through a literature study sourced from relevant book literature, articles and internet sources. To complete this article, the author used an analysis method in the form of interviews. The research results from this article show that the disaster of crop failure did not occur because of God's hatred but rather as a form of care so that humanity turns to Him and lives in a movement of ecumenical love for others. Based on Kosuke Koyama's theory, it can be concluded that God's intention for the crop failure disaster that occurred in the Sa'dan Tiroallo area was as a form of invitation so that humans have concern in terms of love for their neighbours, as well as a form of warning so that people can spend time communing with God and to repent and turn to God.Pengenalan terhadap kasih dan pemeliharaan Allah tidak cukup dengan persekutuan, tetapi juga lewat bencana dalam hidup, salah satunya lewat gagal panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan memahami bentuk pemeliharaan Allah lewat bencana gagal panen berdasarkan kehendak Allah yang hadir di tengah-tengah kehidupan manusia. Beberapa teori yang digunakan oleh penulis seperti teori bencana, teologi Kosuke Koyama, dan teori tentang Allah yang dirangkumkan dari beberapa penulis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Kualitatif dikembangkan lewat studi kepustakaan yang bersumber dari literatur-literatur buku, artikel dan sumber internet yang relevan, untuk melengkapi tulisan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode analisis dalam bentuk wawancara. Hasil penelitian dari tulisan tersebut adalah bahwa bencana gagal panen bukan terjadi karena kebencian Allah melainkan sebagai bentuk pemeliharaan supaya umat manusia berbalik kepada-Nya, dan hidup dalam gerakan kasih oikumene bagi sesama. Berdasar terhadap teori Kosuke Koyama maka disimpulkan bahwa maksud Allah terhadap bencana gagal panen yang terjadi di daerah Sa’dan Tiroallo adalah sebagai bentuk ajakan supaya manusia memiliki kepedulian dalam hal kasih kepada sesama mereka, juga sebagai bentuk teguran supaya umat dapat meluangkan waktu bersekutu bersama Allah serta untuk bertobat dan berbalik kepada Allah
On the Existence of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Poisson Regression
No full textWe note that the existence of the maximum likelihood estimates for Poisson regression depends on the data configuration. Because standard software does not check for this problem, the practitioner may be surprised to find that in some applications estimation of the Poisson regression is unusually difficult or even impossible. More seriously, the estimation algorithm may lead to spurious maximum likelihood estimates. We identify the signs of the non-existence of the maximum likelihood estimates and propose a simple empirical strategy to single out the regressors causing this type of identification failure.Poisson estimation, gravity equation
The Maastricht convergence criteria and monetary and fiscal policies for the EMU accession countries
No full textMy PhD dissertation concentrates on the theoretical analysis of the way monetary and fiscal policies should be conducted in the European Monetary Union (EMU) accession countries. Importantly fiscal and monetary policies in these countries are required to satisfy the membership requirements of the EMU summarized in the Maastricht Treaty. My interest lies in identifying the implications of different monetary and fiscal policies on the compliance with the Maastricht criteria. I characterize the optimal monetary policy and also optimal interaction between monetary and fiscal policy in the EMU accession countries. I study how the Maastricht criteria affect the design of optimal policies and their ability to stabilize business cycle fluctuations. In order to address all these issues I perform the whole analysis in the framework of a two-sector small open economy model incorporating frictions such as price stickiness and distortionary taxation. The model is calibrated to match the moments of the Czech Republic economy. In Chapter 1 I study the ability of different monetary regimes to satisfy the Maastricht convergence criteria. I analyze regimes that reflect the policy choices observed in the EMU accession countries, i.e. a peg regime, a managed float and a flexible exchange rate regime with CPI inflation targeting. I find that there exists a significant trade-off between compliance with the CPI inflation criterion and the nominal interest rate criterion. Under the benchmark parameterization none of the regimes satisfies all the criteria. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the probability that some of the regimes will satisfy all the criteria increases with openness of the economy and degree of substitution between home and foreign traded goods. However the ultimate choice of the regime which satisfies all the criteria depends on the degree of exchange rate-pass through. Chapter 2 focuses on characterization of optimal monetary policy for EMU accession countries in the framework of the already developed model. I find that the optimal monetary policy in a two-sector small open economy should not only target inflation rates in the domestic sectors and aggregate output fluctuations, but also domestic and international terms of trade. Under the chosen parameterization optimal monetary policy does not satisfy the CPI inflation and the nominal interest rate criteria. The optimal constrained policy induces smaller variability of the CPI inflation and of the nominal interest rate. At the same, it is also characterized by a deflationary bias which results in targeting CPI inflation rate and nominal interest rate that are 0.7% p.a. lower than their equivalents in the reference countries. In Chapter 3 I incorporate fiscal policy by endogenising tax and debt decisions and restricting taxes to only distortionary ones. I find that targets of the unconstrained optimal monetary and fiscal policy are similar to those of the optimal monetary policy alone. Under the chosen parameterization, the optimal policy violates three Maastricht criteria: on the CPI inflation rate, the nominal interest rate and deficit to GDP ratio. Since monetary criteria play a dominant role in affecting the stabilization process of the constrained policy, CPI inflation and the nominal interest rate are characterized by a smaller variability at the expense of a higher variability of deficit to GDP ratio. The constrained policy is characterized by a deflationary bias which results in targeting the CPI inflation rate and the nominal interest rate that are lower by 1.3% p.a. than their equivalents in the countries taken as a reference. The constrained policy is also characterized by targeting surplus to GDP ratio at around 3.7%.Mi tesis doctoral se centra en el análisis teórico de las políticas monetarias y fiscales que deben llevarse a cabo en los países candidatos a la Unión Monetaria Europea (UEM). Es importante destacar que las políticas fiscales y monetarias de estos países tienen la obligación de satisfacer las condiciones de adhesión a la UEM resumidos en el Tratado de Maastricht. Mi interés se concentra en la identificación de las consecuencias de las distintas políticas monetarias y fiscales sobre el cumplimiento de los criterios de Maastricht. Mi tesis describe tanto la política monetaria óptima como la interacción óptima entre la política monetaria y fiscal en los países candidatos a la UEM. También se analiza cómo las condiciones de Maastricht afectan al diseño de las políticas optímas y su capacidad para estabilizar las fluctuaciones del ciclo económico. A fin de abordar estas preguntas se realiza todo el análisis en el marco de un modelo de economía pequeña y abierta con dos sectores que incorpora fricciones, tales como rigidez de precios e impuestos distorsionantes. El modelo está calibrado para que coincida con los momentos estadísticos de variables económicas de la República Checa. En el capítulo 1 se estudia la capacidad de los diferentes regímenes monetarios para satisfacer las condiciones de convergencia de Maastricht. Se analizan los regímenes que reflejan las opciones políticas observadas en los países candidatos a la UEM, es decir, un régimen de paridad, de flotación administrada y de tipo de cambio flexible. Existe una fuerte relación inversa entre el cumplimiento de las condiciones de inflación y del tipo de interés nominal. Bajo la parametrización escogida ninguno de los regímenes satisface todas las condiciones. El análisis de sensibilidad pone de manifiesto que la probabilidad de que algunos de los regímenes cumplan todas las condiciones aumenta con la apertura de la economía y el grado de sustitución entre bienes nacionales y extranjeros. Sin embargo, la elección final del régimen que cumple todas las condiciones depende del efecto traspaso del tipo de cambio. En el capítulo 2 se describe la política monetaria óptima para los países adheridos a la UEM en el marco del modelo ya desarrollado. La política monetaria óptima en una economía pequeña y abierta con dos sectores no sólo debería centrarse en las tasas de inflación en los sectores domésticos y las fluctuaciones de la producción total, sino también en los términos de intercambio domésticos e internacionales. Bajo la parametrización elegida la política monetaria óptima no cumple las condiciones relacionadas a la inflación y a la tasa de interés nominal. La política óptima restringida induce menor variabilidad de la inflación y de la tasa de interés nominal. Al mismo tiempo, esta politica también se caracteriza por una tendencia deflacionaria que se traduce en la selección de los objetivos de tasa de inflación y tasa de interés nominal que son inferiores en 0.7% anual a sus equivalentes en los países de referencia. En el capítulo 3 se incorpora la política fiscal endogenizando las decisiones fiscales, de endeudamiento público y de impuestos distosionantes. Los objetivos de las políticas fiscal y monetaria son similares a los de la política monetaria óptima. Bajo la parametrización elegida, la política óptima no cumple con tres condiciones de Maastricht: la tasa de inflación, la tasa de interés nominal y el ratio déficit / PIB. Como las condiciones monetarias juegan un papel predominante en el diseño de la política restringida, la inflación y la tasa de interés nominal se caracterizan por una menor variabilidad a costa de una mayor variabilidad de la relación déficit / PIB. La política restringida se caracteriza por una tendencia deflacionaria que implica la selección de objetivos de tasa de inflación y tasa de interés nominal que son inferiores en 1.3% anual a sus equivalentes en los países tomados como referencia. La política restringida también requiere un objetivo de superávit en torno al 3,7% del PIB
What measure of inflation should a central bank target?
No full textThis paper assumes that a central bank commits itself to maintaining an inflation target and then asks what measure of the inflation rate the central bank should use if it wants to maximize economic stability. The paper first formalizes this problem and examines its microeconomic foundations. It then shows how the weight of a sector in the stability price index depends on the sector's characteristics, including size, cyclical sensitivity, sluggishness of price adjustment, and magnitude of sectoral shocks. When a numerical illustration of the problem is calibrated to U.S. data, one tentative conclusion is that the central bank should use a price index that gives substantial weight to the level of nominal wages. JEL Classification: E42, E52, E58inflation targeting, monetary policy
Houses as collateral: has the link between house prices and consumption in the U.K. changed?
No full textPaper for a conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York entitled Financial Innovation and Monetary TransmissionHousing - Finance ; Housing - Great Britain ; Consumption (Economics) - Great Britain
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